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 The repetition of 'umra is recommended similar to repetition of hajj and there lies no particular gap limit between two 'umras. But, on cautionary terms one can perform only one 'umra for himself within a month. If he performs two 'umras on behalf of others or he performs one 'umra for himself and the second for another person, this caution is not necessary. Therefore, if he performs the second 'umra on behalf of another person, it is permissible for him to receive the wages of performing 'umra and 'umra al-mufrada will be sufficient for the performer whether it is obligatory or not.
+Hajj al-tamattu' includes two acts: 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj al-tamattu'. 'Umra al-tamattu' is prior to hajj al-tamattu' and both these acts have specific deeds which are discussed below.
+The deeds of 'umra al-tamattu':
+# Wearing [[iḥrām]] (hajj dress) from a [[mīqāt]];
+# [[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy [[Ka'ba]];
+# [[Prayer of ṭawāf]];
+# [[Sa'y]] (to walk) between the mountains of [[Safā]] and [[Marwa]];
+# [[Taqsīr]] (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail)
+The deeds of hajj al-tamattu' are mentioned below:
+# Iḥrām (wearing dress of hajj) in the holy city of Mecca;
+# Wuqūf (staying) in [['Arafāt]] from the noon of the ninth of Dhu l-Ḥijja to sunset;
+# Wuqūf (staying) in [[al-Mash'ar al-Ḥarām]] on the night before the tenth of Dhu l-Ḥijja to sunrise;
+# Stoning at [[Jamara al-'Aqaba]] on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] (the tenth of Dhu l-Ḥijja);
+# Slaughtering animal;
+# Shaving head or taqsīr (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail);
+# [[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy Ka'ba;
+# Prayer of ṭawāf ;
+# Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safā and Marwa;
+# Ṭawāf of nisā' (women);
+# Prayer of ṭawāf of nisā';
+# To stay awake during the night before the eleventh in [[Minā]];
+# Stoning three jamaras on the eleventh of Dhu l-Ḥijja;
+# To stay awake during the night before the twelfth in Minā;
+# Stoning three jamaras on the twelfth of Dhu l-Ḥijja.
+Hajj al-ifrād and hajj al-tamattu' are similar in terms of rituals and acts of worship except for one major difference of animal slaughtering. It is mandatory in hajj al-tamattu' whereas it is a recommended act in hajj al-ifrād.
+'Umra al-mufradah is similar to 'umra al-tamattu' except for the following differences:
+# The rituals of 'umra al-tamattu' comprise taqsīr as obligatory act; whereas in 'umra al-mufrada, it is optional for the men, i.e. either he can have his head shaved or perform taqsīr. The rulings for the women are that they should perform taqsīr in both 'umra al-mufrada and 'umra al-tamattu'.
+# In 'umra al-tamattu, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are not obligatory. However on the basis of caution, one should perform both of them before taqsīr with the intention of rajā' (hope of being desired by Allah). In 'umra al-mufrada, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are obligatory.
+# 'Umra al-tamattu' should be performed during the months of hajj: Shawwāl, Dhu l-Qa'da or Dhu l-Ḥijja; whereas 'umra al-mufrada can be performed any time during the year.
+# There are five mīqāts (the place where the dress for hajj or 'umra is worn) for 'umra al-tamattu'. Mīqāt for 'umra al-mufrada varies with distance from Mecca. People residing in Mecca have adanā al-ḥill as mīqāt whereas people living out of Mecca are obliged to wear iḥrām from one of the five mīqāts nearest to them.
+Hajj al-qirān differs from hajj al-ifrād mainly in two aspects: animal slaughtering and becoming muḥrīm. During hajj al-qirān, the animal for slaughtering should accompany the person wearing iḥrām, thereby animal slaughtering is obligatory for him.
+Likewise, in the hajj al-qirān, iḥrām is carried out by saying "Labbayk" (specific slogan of hajj) or by [[ish'ār]] or [[taqlīd]]  but in hajj al-ifrād, iḥrām is materialized only by saying Labbayk.
+For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows:
+# Intention, i.e. from the time of wearing iḥrām for 'umra al-tamattu', he should intend to perform hajj al-tamattu'; otherwise, his hajj is not in order;
+# Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the months of hajj;
+# Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the same year;
+# 'Umra and hajj should be performed for one person and by one person. This implies that a person who is performing hajj on the behalf of a dead person needs to perform both 'umra and hajj himself. Hiring two individuals to carry out the 'umra and hajj separately is not permitted.
+A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu', cannot change it on purpose and by choice to perform hajj al-ifrād or al-qirān.
+A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu' but knows that the time is too short to complete 'umra and join hajj, should change his intention from hajj al-tamattu' to hajj al-ifrād and after completing the rites of hajj, he should perform al-'umra al-mufrada.
+A woman, who wants to perform hajj al-tamattu' but is menstruating at the point of mīqāt, should wear iḥrām for 'umra al-tamattu' at mīqāt if she thinks she may be purified some time before hajj al-tamattu' and will have enough time to take ghusl, perform all the deeds of 'umra al-tamattu', wear iḥrām for hajj al-tamattu', and reach 'Arafāt by 'noon' on the day of 'Arafa. Then, if she becomes clean from menstruation and she has sufficient time for performing deeds of 'umra and is able to reach 'Arafāt by 'noon' on the day of 'Arafa, she should do so. In case, she does not become clean or does not have sufficient time to perform the 'umra rituals and reach 'Arafāt on time, she should change his intention from 'umra al-tamattu' to hajj al-ifrād, with the same iḥrām and then perform al-'umra al-mufradah; this will compensate for hajj al-tamattu'.
+If she is sure she will not become clean before the time for iḥrām of hajj and going to 'Arafāt on time or she will not have time to perform 'umra tamattu' rituals before going to 'Arafāt on time, she should enter iḥrām in mīqāt intending performing what is her real duty or iḥrām of hajj ifrād. After performing hajj ifrād rituals, she perform 'umra mufradah and what she has done replaces hajj tamattu'.
+However, if a woman is clean in mīqāt but begins to menstruate on the way to Mecca in state of iḥrām or before performing ṭawāf of 'umra and its prayer or during the course of ṭawāf before completion of fourth round and is certain that she cannot be clean to perform 'umra deeds and reach 'Arafāt by 'noon' on the ninth of Dhul-Ḥijjah, she has two choices:
+a) She can change her intention from 'umra tamattu' to hajj ifrād and once hajj ifrād is done she should perform 'umra mufradah. These acts replace hajj tamattu'.
+b) She postpones ṭawāf of 'umra and its prayer and by performing sa'y and taqsīr she exits iḥrām of 'umra. Then she should wear iḥrām of hajj, go and stay (wuqūf) in 'Arafāt and Mash'ar, and perform deeds in Minā and after returning to the Holy city of Mecca, she should perform ṭawāf of tamattu'and its prayer as qaḍā’ — before performing ṭawāf of hajj and its prayer and sa'y or after performing them. This act is a compensation for hajj tamattu' and nothing more is obligatory for her.
+If she begins to menstruate after completing her fourth round of ṭawāf, she should leave remaining rounds of ṭawāf and its prayer, perform sa'y and taqsīr and come out of iḥrām of 'umra. After this, she can stay in wuqūfs and perform rites in Minā, and upon return to Mecca, and after performing ṭawāf and its prayer and sa'y or before performing all these rites, she should perform ṭawāf of 'umra and its prayer . This act is a compensation for her hajj tamattu' and nothing more is obligatory upon her.
+Issue 22: The details of rites and commandments of hajj will be mentioned in part three and in several chapters.