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"the pillars of the Kaaba"
"the corner of the Black Stone"
The pillars of the Kaaba are the four corners of this structure, each facing one of the four cardinal directions: east, west, north, and south. Each corner is called a "Rukun," and they are as follows: the Rukun al-Hajar al-Aswad (eastern), the Rukun al-Shami (western), the Rukun al-Iraqi (northern), and the Rukun al-Yamani (southern).
Rukn Hajar al-Aswad is the southeast corner of the Kaaba building. The structure of the Kaaba is quadrangular, and each corner is called a rukn, and the sum of the four corners is referred to as the arkan of the Kaaba. Rukn Hajar al-Aswad, which is located in the southeast of the Kaaba, is the starting point of the tawaf (circumambulation), and at a height of one and a half meters, the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) is situated there. Therefore, it is known as Rukn Hajar al-Aswad or Rukn al-Aswad.


"Overview"
"Location"
The Kaaba is a square building with four corners, each called a "rukn" (corner), and collectively known as the "arkan al-Kaaba" (corners of the Kaaba).


Each of these corners has other names as well. For example, each corner is named after the direction it faces: the Iraqi Corner, the Levantine (Shami) Corner, and the Yemeni Corner.
Rukn Hajar al-Aswad is located in the southeast of the Kaaba and is the starting point of the tawaf (circumambulation).(1)Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 65. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 236. , Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 53.
At a height of one and a half meters, the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) is located.(2) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 236. , Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya'', vol. 1, p. 264.
Rukn Hajar al-Aswad is more famous than the other corners of the Kaaba. This corner is the closest to the entrance door of the Kaaba and is located opposite the Zamzam well. Facing Rukn Hajar al-Aswad is the well-known Mount Abu Qubais.(3) al-Maqdisī al-Bashārī, '' Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm'', p. 72.
"The distance from Rukn Hajar al-Aswad to Rukn Iraqi is 11.68 meters, and to Rukn Yamani is more than 10 meters.(4) Khārazmī, ''al-. Ithara al-targhīb'' , vol. 1, p. 227. , Ibn Rusta,''Al-Aʿlāq al-nafīsa'', p. 30.
Rukn Hajar al-Aswad is in the direction of the qibla for the southern regions of Hijaz and the countries of Australia, India, and China, which are aligned with this corner.(5) , Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya'', vol. 1, p. 264.


The corners of the Kaaba are significant in the positioning of certain rituals and rites of Hajj. For instance, the corner of the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) marks the starting and ending point of the circumambulation (Tawaf) .(1) • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 2, p. 264.


Corner of the Black Stone
"Other Names"
The eastern corner, known as the Corner of the Black Stone (Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad), is the starting point of the circumambulation (Tawaf). This corner is located in the southeast of the Kaaba.(2) , Al-Azraqī, '' Akhbār Makkah'', Vol. 1, p. 65. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol.3, p. 236. , Ibn Jubayr,''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 53.
Some refer to Rukn Hajar al-Aswad as the Eastern Corner (Rukn al-Sharqi).(6) Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 53.
This corner is the closest to the entrance of the Kaaba and is opposite the Zamzam well. Facing the Corner of the Black Stone is the famous Mount Abu Qubais.(3) al-Maqdisī al-Bashārī, '' Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm'', p. 72.
At times, both Rukn Hajar al-Aswad and Rukn Yamani are referred to as Rukn Yamani due to their location in the direction of Yemeni territory.(7) Qalashqandī,''Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā'', vol. 4, p. 258.
The Multazam is a part of the Kaaba's wall near this corner.
The term 'Rukn' alone is frequently used to refer to Rukn Hajar al-Aswad, and in many contexts, 'Rukn' essentially means the Black Stone.(8) Fākihī,''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 1, p. 134. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 236. , Qazwīnī, '' Āthār al-bilād wa-akhbār al-ʿibād'' , p. 118.
 
Iraqi Corner
The Iraqi Corner (Rukn al-Iraqi) is the second corner of the Kaaba encountered in the path of the circumambulation (Tawaf).(4) Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ'', vol. 2, p. 629. , al-Fārisī al-Aṣṭuḫrī, ''Al-Masālik wa al-mamālik'',p. 16. ,
After the corner of the Black Stone and before the Syrian corner, and on the side of the Bab al-Umrah.(5) Marjānī, '' Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār'', vol. 2, p. 763. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 248. , Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374.
This corner is famous as the Iraqi corner because it is located towards Iraq and serves as the qibla for the people of Iraq.(6) al-Ṭūsī (Shaykh Ṭūsī), '' Muṣbaḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid'', p. 27. , ibn Ṭāwūs (Sayyid ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil fī ʿamal al-yawm wa al-layl'', p. 129. , Sharāb,'' Al-Ma'ālim al-Athīrah fī al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah'', p. 129.
"The Syrian corner:
The Syrian corner is the third corner among the corners of the Kaaba in the path of circumambulation.(7) al-Qalqashandī,''Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī ṣināʿat al-inshā'', vol. 4, p. 258. , Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, '' Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā'', p. 257.  , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 247-248.
This corner is located after the Iraqi corner and before the Yemeni corner, on the side of Bab al-Ziyadah.(8) Khwārizmī, ''Iṣārat al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq ilá al-masājid al-thalātha wa al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', vol. 1, p.  289-290.  , Marjānī, '' Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār'', vol. 2, p. 763. , , Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374.
 
"The Yemeni corner:
According to the path of circumambulation, the Yemeni corner is recognized as the last and fourth corner of the Kaaba, before the Black Stone.(9) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī,''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 4, p. 465. ,  Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374. , , Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, '' Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā'', p. 375.
The corner is located in the south of the Kaaba and is therefore also known as the southern corner.(10) Nāṣir Khusrav, ''Safarnāmah-i Nāṣir Khusrav'', p. 129. ,  Burckhardt, ''Tarḥāl fī al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabīyah'', p. 176. , Khalīlī, ''Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah'', vol. 2, p. 333.
In narrations, an angel near the Yemeni corner is mentioned whose task is to respond 'Ameen' to the prayers of the believers. Additionally, this angel conveys the blessings of the believers upon the Prophet to him.(11) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 408.
The Mustajar is a part of the wall7 of the Kaaba near this corner.


"Receiving"
Receiving" refers to touching and laying hands on something.
The Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) paid special attention to both Rukn Hajar al-Aswad and Rukn Yamani, advising his companions to respect them and perform their specific rituals and acts. He considered touching them (Estelam) a means for the forgiveness of sins.(9) Fākihī,''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 1, p. 127. , Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 331. , Khārazmī, ''al-. Ithara al-targhīb'' , vol. 1, p. 258.
"In some Sunni sources, the practice of touching Rukn Hajar al-Aswad (Estelam) is considered recommended (mustahabb).(10) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 255.
"Additionally, a number of Shia jurists, based on narrations, have considered touching Rukn Hajar al-Aswad and the other corners to be recommended (mustahabb).(11) Ṭūsī, ''Al-Istibṣār fīmā ikhtalafa min al-akhbār'' ,vol. 2, p. 216. , Ṭūsī,''Miṣbāḥ al-mutahajjid wa-silāḥ al-mutʿabbid'', p. 681. , Ibn Idrīs, '' Al-Sarāʾir al-ḥāwī li-taḥrīr al-fatāwī'',  vol. 1, p. 572.


Prayers of the Prophet
According to sources, the Prophet (PBUH) would whisper or recommend certain prayers between Rukn Hajar al-Aswad and Rukn Yamani, such as: "O Allah, our Lord, give us good in this world and good in the Hereafter, and save us from the punishment of the Fire" and "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from disbelief and poverty.(12) ) Fākihī,''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 1, p. 145.
Among these prayers are.
"Also, numerous prayers and invocations from the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions have been mentioned during the performance of the Rukn (pillar), such as:
'In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest.(13) Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 339.
"In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest; upon what Allah has guided us. There is no god but Allah, He alone, without partner. I believe in Allah and disbelieve in the Taghut.(13) Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 339.
"In the name of Allah, and Allah is the greatest, in faith in Allah and affirming the response of Muhammad, peace be upon him.(14) ) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 257.
References
References
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• Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka. Qom: Maktaba al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d]
• Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka. Qom: Maktaba al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d]
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. Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
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