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| '''The Hannana pillar''' (the weeping pillar) was the trunk of a date palm tree that was present in [[Masjid al-Nabī|the Prophet's Mosque]] during the life of the Prophet (s). The Prophet used to lean on it while delivering sermons to the worshippers.
| | "the pillars of the Kaaba" |
| It is narrated that after a pulpit was made for the prophet(s), a sound similar to crying and lamenting came from the trunk of the palm tree. For this reason, it was called the Hannana pillar. According to some reports, people thought the Hannana pillar was one of the pillars of [[Masjid al-Nabī|the Prophet's Mosque]]; however, this has been refuted by some historians.
| | The pillars of the Kaaba are the four corners of this structure, each facing one of the four cardinal directions: east, west, north, and south. Each corner is called a "Rukun," and they are as follows: the Rukun al-Hajar al-Aswad (eastern), the Rukun al-Shami (western), the Rukun al-Iraqi (northern), and the Rukun al-Yamani (southern). |
| It is said that the trunk of that tree was buried in the Prophet's Mosque somewhere next to the pulpit of the prophet and the [[Mukhallaqa pillar]].
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| ==History==
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| [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|The Prophet of Islam (s)]] used to lean against the trunk of a date palm tree and speak before a pulpit was made. After the pulpit was made in the sixth or seventh year)1)<ref>Majlisī,''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 21, p. 47.</ref>
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| or the eighth year of Hijra<ref>Khwārazmī, "Ithāra al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq", vol. 2, p. 383. </ref>
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| the first time he used the pulpit for a speech and sermon, a moaning sound came from that tree trunk, similar to the moaning of a female camel separated from its baby or like the sound of a cow<ref>Bayhaqī , ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwah'', vol. 2, p. 563-564 , Ibn Sayyid al-Nās ,''ʿUyūn al-athar'', vol. 1, p. 278. , Ḥalabī ,''Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabīya'', vol. 2, p. 366.</ref>was heard. At this moment, Prophet Muhammad (s) descended from the pulpit and embraced the tree trunk or placed his hand on it until its moaning stopped.<ref>Khargūshī,''Sharaf al-nabī'', p. 430. , Saʿīd ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Qaṭb al-Rāwand, '' Al-Kharāʾij wa al-Jarāʾiḥ'', vol. 1, p. 165-166.</ref> | |
| According to the book "Muntaha al-Amal," this incident was one of the miracles of the Prophet of Islam (s). According to a narration, the Prophet said that if he had not embraced the tree trunk, it would have continued moaning until the Day of Judgment.(5) Qummī, ''Muntahā al-āmāl'', vol. 1, p. 84.
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| ===name===
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| They named this tree trunk "Hannana." Hannana is derived from the root "Ḥannā," which means a melodious or sorrowful sound.<ref>Ibn Fāris ,''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lugha'', vol. 2, p. 24.</ref>
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| Additionally, in Arabic hadith and geographical sources, it is known as "al-Jidh‘," which means the tree trunk.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 106.</ref>
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| ===The fate of the tree trunk===
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| Most reports indicate that this tree trunk was buried in the mosque, near the pulpit of the Prophet, at that very time.<ref>Marāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 237.</ref>
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| Some have said it was buried beneath the pulpit, some have said at the bottom left of the pulpit, and others have said it was buried to the east of the pulpit.<ref>Marāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 237.</ref>
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| According to one narration, the Prophet spoke to the tree trunk and asked if it wished to be a fruit-bearing tree in Paradise, from which the friends of God would eat its fruits, or if it preferred to be returned to the garden it once belonged to. It chose Paradise and eternal life.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 108.</ref>
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| According to reports, the location where the trunk of Hannana was placed was near the [[Mukhallaqa pillar]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 114.</ref>
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| ===Common beliefs===
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| Reports from certain historical periods suggest that people believed one of [[The Pillars of Masjid al-Nabi|the pillars of the Prophet's Mosque]] was the same pillar as Hannana. Ibn Jubayr (who traveled to [[Medina]] between 578-588 AH/1182-3) reports that people would touch and kiss a piece of wood protruding from under the column's covering for blessing.<ref>Muḥammad b. Aḥmad,''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr'', p. 149-150.</ref>
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| Ibn Battuta also mentions this report in his travelogue.<ref>Muḥammad b. Aḥmad,''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr'', p. 149-150. , Ibn Baṭṭūṭah,''Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭah'', vol. 1, p. 153.</ref>
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| Matari, an eighth-century historian, also reported a similar account and emphasized the inaccuracy of this belief<ref>Maṭarī, ''Al-Taʿrīf bimā ʾānasat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra'', p. 93.</ref>
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| Maraghi mentions in "Tahqiq al-Nasra" that, by the order of the judge of Medina in 755 AH/1373-4, this part of the wood was covered.<ref>Marāghī, ''Taḥqīq al-Naṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'', p. 241.</ref>
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| ==The virtues of the Hannana pillar==
| | "Overview" |
| According to some Shia narrations, praying beside Hannana<ref>Nūrī, '' Mustadrak al-wasāʾil '', vol. 3, p. 426. , Muʿizī Malāyirī, '' Jāmiʿ aḥādīth al-Shīʿa'', vol. 4, p. 515.</ref>
| | The Kaaba is a square building with four corners, each called a "rukn" (corner), and collectively known as the "arkan al-Kaaba" (corners of the Kaaba). |
| has been recommended. It is said that in these narrations, Hannana likely refers to its location in [[Masjid al-nabi|the Prophet's Mosque]].<ref>[https://rch.ac.ir/article/Details?id=8090 Jahān-i islām encyclopedia, entry: حنانه]</ref>
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| ==In mystical literature==
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| The story of the tree trunk weeping in the absence of the Prophet of Islam has been a focal point in the mystical literature of Muslims.<ref>[https://ensani.ir/fa/article/12596/%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%86-%D8%AD%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87- An analysis of seven narratives of "Stan Hananeh"]</ref>
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| It has been narrated from Hasan al-Basri that when he was narrating the Hadith of the Trunk, he would cry and say, "A piece of wood weeps out of longing for the Messenger of Allah. O servants of God, your longing should be even greater.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 108.</ref>
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| ==Notes==
| | Each of these corners has other names as well. For example, each corner is named after the direction it faces: the Iraqi Corner, the Levantine (Shami) Corner, and the Yemeni Corner. |
| {{Notes}}
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| ==References==
| | The corners of the Kaaba are significant in the positioning of certain rituals and rites of Hajj. For instance, the corner of the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) marks the starting and ending point of the circumambulation (Tawaf) .(1) • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 2, p. 264. |
| {{References}}
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| *Amīnī. ''Al-Ghadīr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1387 AH.
| | Corner of the Black Stone |
| *Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwah''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyyah, 1405 AH.
| | The eastern corner, known as the Corner of the Black Stone (Rukn al-Hajar al-Aswad), is the starting point of the circumambulation (Tawaf). This corner is located in the southeast of the Kaaba.(2) , Al-Azraqī, '' Akhbār Makkah'', Vol. 1, p. 65. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol.3, p. 236. , Ibn Jubayr,''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 53. |
| *Ḥalabī ''Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabīyah''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1400 AH.
| | This corner is the closest to the entrance of the Kaaba and is opposite the Zamzam well. Facing the Corner of the Black Stone is the famous Mount Abu Qubais.(3) al-Maqdisī al-Bashārī, '' Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm'', p. 72. |
| *Ibn Baṭṭūṭah. ''Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭah''. Translated by Muḥammad ʿAlī Muwahhid. Tehran: ʿIlmī wa-Farhangī, 1376 SH.
| | The Multazam is a part of the Kaaba's wall near this corner. |
| *Ibn Fāris. ''Muʿjam maqāyīs al-lughah''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Salām. Qom: Daftar Tablīghāt, 1404 AH.
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| *Ibn Sayyid al-Nās. ''ʿUyūn al-athar''. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1414 AH.
| | Iraqi Corner |
| *Khargūshī, Abū Saʿīd Wāʿiẓ. ''Sharaf al-nabī''. Edited by Roshan. Tehran: Bābak, 1361 SH.
| | The Iraqi Corner (Rukn al-Iraqi) is the second corner of the Kaaba encountered in the path of the circumambulation (Tawaf).(4) Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ'', vol. 2, p. 629. , al-Fārisī al-Aṣṭuḫrī, ''Al-Masālik wa al-mamālik'',p. 16. , |
| *Khwārizmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-."Ithārah al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq". edited by Muṣṭafā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Dhahabī. Mecca: Maktabat Nizār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
| | After the corner of the Black Stone and before the Syrian corner, and on the side of the Bab al-Umrah.(5) Marjānī, '' Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār'', vol. 2, p. 763. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 248. , Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374. |
| *Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
| | This corner is famous as the Iraqi corner because it is located towards Iraq and serves as the qibla for the people of Iraq.(6) al-Ṭūsī (Shaykh Ṭūsī), '' Muṣbaḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid'', p. 27. , ibn Ṭāwūs (Sayyid ibn Ṭāwūs, ''Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil fī ʿamal al-yawm wa al-layl'', p. 129. , Sharāb,'' Al-Ma'ālim al-Athīrah fī al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah'', p. 129. |
| *Malāyerī, Ismāʿīl Maʿzī, ''Jāmeʿ-i Aḥādīth al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Al-Maṭbaʿah al-ʿIlmiyyah, 1399 AH.
| | "The Syrian corner: |
| *Marāghī, Zayn al-Dīn Abū Bakr b. Ḥusayn b.ʿUmar al-. ''Taḥqīq al-nuṣrah bi-Talakhῑṣ Maʿālim Dār al-Hijrah'' . Edited by ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥīm ʿAsīlān. First edition, 1422 AH.
| | The Syrian corner is the third corner among the corners of the Kaaba in the path of circumambulation.(7) al-Qalqashandī,''Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī ṣināʿat al-inshā'', vol. 4, p. 258. , Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, '' Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā'', p. 257. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 247-248. |
| *Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥlat Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986 CE.
| | This corner is located after the Iraqi corner and before the Yemeni corner, on the side of Bab al-Ziyadah.(8) Khwārizmī, ''Iṣārat al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq ilá al-masājid al-thalātha wa al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', vol. 1, p. 289-290. , Marjānī, '' Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār'', vol. 2, p. 763. , , Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374. |
| *Najjār, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al-. ''Al-Durrah al-Thamīnah fī Akhbār al-Madīnah''. Edited by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn. Riyadh: Markaz Baḥth wa Dirāsāt al-Madīnah, 1427 AH.
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| *Nūrī. ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
| | "The Yemeni corner: |
| *Qāʾedān, Asghar. ''Tārīkh va āṯār-e Islāmī Makka Makramah va Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1372 SH.
| | According to the path of circumambulation, the Yemeni corner is recognized as the last and fourth corner of the Kaaba, before the Black Stone.(9) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī,''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 4, p. 465. , Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 374. , , Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, '' Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā'', p. 375. |
| *Qummī, Shaykh ʿAbbās . ''Muntahā al-āmāl''. Edited by Nāṣir Bāqir Bīdahandī. Qom: Intishārāt Dalīl, 1379 SH. | | The corner is located in the south of the Kaaba and is therefore also known as the southern corner.(10) Nāṣir Khusrav, ''Safarnāmah-i Nāṣir Khusrav'', p. 129. , Burckhardt, ''Tarḥāl fī al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabīyah'', p. 176. , Khalīlī, ''Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah'', vol. 2, p. 333. |
| *Quṭb al-Rāwandī, Saʿīd B.ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Al-Kharāʾij wa al-Jarāʾiḥ''. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Mahdī(a), 1409 AH.
| | In narrations, an angel near the Yemeni corner is mentioned whose task is to respond 'Ameen' to the prayers of the believers. Additionally, this angel conveys the blessings of the believers upon the Prophet to him.(11) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 408. |
| *Samhūdī. ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ''. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarāʾī. London: Mūʾassasat al-Furqān lil-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.
| | The Mustajar is a part of the wall7 of the Kaaba near this corner. |
| *Shurāb, Muḥammad Muḥammad Ḥasan . ''Al-Maʿālim al-athīrah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 SH. | | |
| {{end}}
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| | References |
| | • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Cairo: Shirkat al-Dawlīyya li-l-Ṭibāʿa, 2004. |
| | • Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka. Qom: Maktaba al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d] |
| | • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH. |
| | . Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986. |
| | .Aḥsan al-taqāsīm fī maʿrifat al-aqālīm, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Maqdisī al-Bashārī, Cairo, Maktabat Madbūlī, 1411 AH. |
| | .Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Ṣafīī al-dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ''. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl, 1412 AH. |
| | .Al-Masālik wa al-mamālik**, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad al-Fārisī al-Aṣṭuḫrī (al-Karkhī) (d. 346 AH), Edited by Aḥmad ibn Sahl Abū Zayd, Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1927 CE. |
| | .Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī Tāzī. Rabat: Ākādimīyya al-Mamlikat al-Maghribīyya, 1417 AH. |
| | • Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002. |
| | .Muṣbaḥ al-mutahajjid wa silāḥ al-mutaʿabbid**, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan al-Ṭūsī (Shaykh Ṭūsī), Edited by Ismāʿīl Anṣārī Zanjānī, Prepared by ʿAlī Asghar Marvārīd, Beirut, Fiqh al-Shīʿah, 1411 AH. |
| | . ʿAlī ibn Mūsā ibn Ṭāwūs (Sayyid ibn Ṭāwūs) Falāḥ al-sāʾil wa najāḥ al-masāʾil fī ʿamal al-yawm wa al-layl (d. 664 AH), Qom, Intishārāt al-Islāmī. |
| | . Muhammad Muhammad Ḥasan Sharāb, Al-Ma'ālim al-Athīrah fī al-Sunnah wa al-Sīrah, Beirut, Dār al-Qalam, 1411 AH. |
| | . Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī al-Qalqashandī, Ṣubḥ al-Aʿshá fī ṣināʿat al-inshā'**, Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn Shams al-Dīn, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, n.d. |
| | . Farhād Mīrzā Muʿtamid al-Dawlah, Safarnāmah-i Farhād Mīrzā (Hidāyat al-Sabīl wa Kafāyat al-Dalīl)**, Edited by Ghulām Riḍā Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Tehran, Ilmī, 1366 SH. |
| | . Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq al-Khwārizmī, Iṣārat al-targhīb wa al-tashwīq ilá al-masājid al-thalātha wa al-bayt al-ʿatīq, Edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Ẓahabī, Mecca, Maktabah Nizār Muṣṭafá al-Bāz, 1418 AH. |
| | .Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995. |
| | . Nāṣir Khusrav Safarnāmah-i Nāṣir Khusrav, Edited by Muḥammad Dabīr Siyāqī, Tehran, Zavār, 1381 SH. |
| | . John Lewis Burckhardt, **Tarḥāl fī al-Jazīrah al-ʿArabīyah (Yataḍamman tārīkh manāṭiq al-ḥijāz al-muqaddasah ʿinda al-Muslimīn) translated by Ṣabrī Muḥammad Ḥasan, Cairo, Al-Markaz al-Qawmī lil-Tarjama, 2007 CE. |
| | . Jaʿfar Khalīlī, Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah**, Beirut, al-A'lami, 1407 AH. |
| | .Muḥammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Kulaynī, .Al-Kāfī,Edited by ʿAlī-Akbar Ghaffārī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah, 1363 SH. |
