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[[File:آبار علی.jpg|thumbnail|A photo of the area Abar 'Ali in [[Medina]]]]
[[File:آبار علی.jpg|thumbnail|A photo of the area Abar 'Ali in [[Medina]]]]
'''Ābār ʿAlī''' ({{ia|آبار علي}}), an area covered with date palm groves in the south of [[Medina]] having water wells which attributed to [[Imam 'Ali (a)]]. This area was in the old Medina-[[Mecca]] route and now is located in the new Medina-Mecca highway. It is said that it was named Abar 'Ali since Imam 'Ali (a), who did not have a position in the time of the three first caliphs, dug some wells in this area for the pilgrims of [[hajj]] and other people. One of the contemporary [[Sunni]] scholars attributed 'Abar 'Ali to 'Ali b. Dinar, the sultan of Darfur, south of [[Sudan]]; but mentioning the name of 'Abar 'Ali in the Muslim sources before 'Ali b. Dinar's travel to Mecca rejects this claim.
'''Ābār ʿAlī''' ({{ia|آبار علي}}), "Ali's wells"
(Ali's wells) is an area in the south of Medina, which is also called (Dhul-Hulayfah), where the (Masjid al-Shajarah), which is the miqat for the people of Medina, is located. This region, through which (Wadi 'Atiq) passes, has had and still has palm groves and wells.
This area has been called "Abar Ali" or "Be’r Ali" since past centuries, so much so that Masjid Shajarah was also referred to as Masjid Be’r Ali. According to some narratives, the name Be’r Ali (Well of Ali) is derived from the name of Ali ibn Abi Talib. Some have said that there was a well at this location where Ali fought with the jinn, and others consider it to be the land that the Prophet gave to Ali as a fief. However, some sources do not accept such an attribution.
Location
"Abar" and "Abiyar" are plural forms of "Be’r" and mean wells.(1) Farāhīdī, ''Kitāb al-ʿayn'' , vol. 8, p. 290. , Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 4, p. 37. , Ḥusaynī al-Zabīdī, ''Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs'', vol. 6, p. 43.
Abar Ali is the name of an area located 9 kilometers south of the city of Medina, in Wadi Aqiq and on the western slope of Mount Ayr, which is on the route to Mecca. This area is the same as the area of Dhu al-Hulayfah, where Masjid Shajarah, which is the Miqat (station) for the people of Medina, is located.(2) Shurrāb Muḥammad, ''Al- maʿālim al-ʾathīra fī al-sunna wa al-sīra'' , p. 103.
Today's situation
Today, in the gardens and farms located to the west of Masjid Shajarah on the banks of Wadi Aqiq (Aqiq River), there remain numerous ancient water wells.(3) Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 478-483.
Some of the pilgrims visit a number of these wells (which are located on the farm of Mansour Osman Al-Faridi(3) Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 2, p. 478-483.
These wells are considered by some pilgrims to be attributed to Imam Ali, but according to Abdul Aziz Kaaki, a contemporary geographer of Medina, the wells attributed to Imam Ali have disappeared today and their location is unknown.(4) Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 487.
Naming history
The use of the name Abar Ali or Be’r Ali has ancient origins, but the reason for its naming is not clearly known. Sources from the eighth century indicate that Be’r Ali was a common name, and nobody recognized this place by the name Dhu al-Hulayfah.(5)  Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 421.      (6)  Fīrūz Abādī, '' Al-maghānim al-muṭāba fī ma ʿālim al-ṭāba'',  p. 82.
Evliya Çelebi, who went on pilgrimage in the eleventh century, referred to the Miqat (station) for the people of Medina as Abar Ali and even called the Ihram Mosque as Masjid Ali.(7)* Chilibī, '' Al-Raḥla al-ḥijazīyya'', p. 161.
Farhad Mirza also notes in his travelogue from the year 1292 AH that the local people only know Masjid Shajarah by the name of Be’r Ali or Abar Ali.(8)*
The battle of Ali with the jinn
It is narrated that in this area there was a well where Imam Ali fought with the jinn.(9)  Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 4, p. 246.    (10) Ibn Najīm,''Al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq: sharḥ-i kanz al-daqāʾiq'', vol. 2, p. 555. ,  Ḥaṣkafī, ''al-. Al-durr al-mukhtār'',  vol. 2, p. 522-523. , Ajlūnī, ,'' al-. Kashf  al-khif ā'', vol. 2, p. 418.
Samhudi, a famous historian of Medina, quotes Ibn Jama'ah(11)  Najafī, '' Madīna shināsī '', p. 181.
states that he refutes the accuracy of this story.(12) Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 4, p. 247.     
However, the fact that in some geographical sources from the ninth century or before and after, terms like "Be’r Ali ibn Abi Talib" are used to refer to this well(13) Ibn Mujāwir, '' Tārīkh mustabṣir '', p. 27.
"Be’r Ali radhi Allah anhu" (Be’r Ali, may Allah be pleased with him),(14) Fīrūz Abādī, '' Al-maghānim al-muṭāba fī ma ʿālim al-ṭāba'',  p. 172.
"Al-Be’r al-Mansubah ila Ali ibn Abi Talib" (The well attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib)(15)*
indicates that the attribution of this name to Ali ibn Abi Talib was a common belief.
The fief granted by the Prophet to Ali
It is sometimes said that Imam Ali had dug wells in this area, and for this reason, the place was named after him.(16) Damyāṭī, Al-sayyid al-bakrī, '' al-Iʿāna al-ṭālibīn'', vol. 2, p. 341.        (17) Abṭaḥī, '' Manāsik-i ḥajj wa ʿumra '', *103, p. 91.    ** Ṣāfī Gulpāyigānī, '' Manāsik-i ḥajj '', p. 91.
Some researchers have also suggested that this area might have been part of the lands that the Prophet granted to Ali ibn Abi Talib as a fief, and the name of the area originates from this. This interpretation is based on a narrative according to which the Prophet granted lands including Faqirin, Qays, and Shajarah to Ali.(18) Najafī, '' Madīna shināsī '', vol. 1, p. 181.
On the other hand, some reports indicate that this area (Wadi Aqiq) was granted by the Prophet to Bilal ibn Harith al-Muzani as a fief, and it was called Bilad Muzaynah.(19) Ḥamawī,''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 4, p. 139. , Samhūdī, '' Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 4, p. 14.
Based on this, some consider the attribution of the wells in this area to Ali ibn Abi Talib to be incorrect.(20) Ṣabrī Pāshā,''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 4, p. 876.
The connection between the name Ali and Ali Dinar
In an undocumented report found on the internet, the name "Ali Dinar" has been attributed to Ali Abars. It is said that in the year 1898 AD / 1315 AH, he reconstructed the wells of Zu al-Halifah and thereafter this area came to be known as Ali Abars. However, such a claim is not accurate because the name Ali Abars (as mentioned earlier) has been prevalent for centuries.(21)*


== Meaning ==
Ābār or abyār is the plural form of bi'r (Arabic: {{ia|بئر}}) and means wells<ref>al-'Ayn, Vol.8, P.290; Lisan al-'arab, Vol.4, P.37; Taj al-'arus, Vol.6, P.43, {{ia|"بأر"}}.</ref> . Abar 'Ali is the name of an area 7 or 9 kilometers away from the south of [[Medina]]<ref> 'Umdat al-qari, Vol.25, P.62; al-Bahr al-ra'iq, Vol.2, P.555; Manasik-i hajj, Safi, P.27.</ref> at the route to Mecca. It is located in [[Wadi l-'Aqiq]] in the west side of [[Mount 'Ir]] which is close to [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]]. This area has abundant water wells and palm dates.<ref>See: al-Ma'alim al-athira, P.103; Mu'jam alfaz al-fiqh al-Ja'fari, P.198.</ref>
It is referred to as abyār and ābyār in Shia<ref>Manasik-I hajj, Safi, P.57; Mu'jam alfaz al-fiqh al-Ja'fari, P.198; al-hajj wa l-'umra, P.175</ref> and [[Sunni]]<ref>al-'Uhud al-Muhammadiyya, P.60; al-Durr al-mukhtar, Vol.2, P.522; Fatawi al-lujna, Vol.11, P.181 & 238.</ref> jurisprudential sources as well as books of [[hajj rituals]]. Many Sunni writers of 9th century afterwards, believe that Abar 'Ali, [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]], and the [[mosque of al-Shajara]] are the names of one place which is the [[miqat]] for Medinans.<ref>'Umdat al-qari, Vol.17, P.225; Vol.25, P.62; Mawahib al-Jalil, Vol.4, P.41.</ref> The famous name of that area is Abar 'Ali.<ref>Kalimat al-taqwa, Vol.3, P.230; A'mal al-haramayn, P.13; Manasik-I hajj, Safi, P.27.</ref>


==Location==
References
This area is located amidst two routes:
.Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Qom: Adab al-Ḥawza, 1405 AH.
#The old [[Medina]]-[[Mecca]] route, which exits from [[Bab 'Anbariyya]], passes [[Hijaz]] railway to [[Syria]], and goes towards Mecca.
#The new Medina-Mecca highway, which starts from the square of [[Quba Mosque]].<ref>Mu'jam alfaz al-fiqh al-Ja'fari, P.198.</ref> On the traffic sign there, the names of Abar 'Ali, Dhu l-Hulayfa, and al-Shajara Mosque come together.<ref>Kalimat al-taqwa, Vol.3, P.230; A'mal al-haramayn, P.13; Manasik-I hajj, Safi, P.27.</ref>


==Naming==
• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
Regarding the naming of this area as Abar 'Ali, Some [[Sunni]] sources said: Imam 'Ali (a) has dug many wells there.<ref>I'anat al-talibin, Vol.2, P.341.</ref> [[Shia]] sources also said that Imam 'Ali (a) has dug many wells there during the time of the three first caliphs when he did not have an official position; then he endowed them for the pilgrims of hajj and other people.<ref>See: Manasik-I hajj, Abtahi, P.54-5; Chahardah nur-I pak, Vol.12, P.1671-2.</ref>


It is said in some sources that these wells existed even before the [[Prophet (s)|Prophet]]'s (s) migration to Medina, and Imam 'Ali (a), due to the Prophet's (s) order, fought against some tribes of jinn alongside the wells and defeated them harshly. Sunni sources emphasizing on its falsehood, have considered this story as common tales.<ref>See: al-Bahr al-ra'iq, Vol.2, P.555; al-Durr al-mukhtar, Vol.2, P.522-3, Kashf al-khafa', Vol.2, P.418.</ref> "Its content and source has not proven to us", one of contemporary Shia marja's has said about that report.<ref>See: Sirat al-najat, Vol.2, P.451.</ref>
• Shurrāb Muḥammad Muḥammad b. Ḥasan. Al- maʿālim al-ʾathīra fī al-sunna wa al-sīra. Beirut: Dār al-Qalam, 1411AH.


=='Ali b. Abi Talib or 'Ali b. Dinar==
• Kaʿakī, ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh. Beirut: Dār wa maktabat al-hilāl, 2011.
One of the contemporary Sunni scholars in [[Egypt]], not referring to any source, has attributed Abar 'Ali to 'Ali b. Dinar, the sultan of Darfur, south of [[Sudan]]]; he has rejected the verity of its attribution to 'Ali b. Abi Talib (a). in his view, 'Ali b. Dinar rebuilt the water wells of [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]] during his hajj travel in 1898/1315 AH, since then the area was named Abar 'Ali after him,<ref>See: http://www.yabdoo.com, http://www.ibtesama.com http://www.sohbanej.com, http://www.daralansar.com.</ref> but since Abar 'Ali was mentioned in the sources which were written before the hajj travel of 'Ali b. Dinar, this view is not accepted.
• Fīrūz Abādī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb. Al-maghānim al-muṭāba fī ma ʿālim al-ṭāba. Edited by: Ḥamad al-Jāsir. [n.p], 1969.


==Notes==
Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
{{notes}}
 
• Fatḥ Allāh, Aḥmad. Muʿjam alfāz al-figh al-jaʿfarī. [n.p], al-Damām, 1415 AH.
 
• Ṣāfī Gulpāyigānī, Luṭf Allāh. Manāsik-i ḥajj. Qom: Dār al-Qurān al-Karīm, 1416 AH.
• Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Cairo: Shirkat al-Dawlīyya li-l-Ṭibāʿa, 2004.
 
• Abṭaḥī, Muḥammad ʿAlī .Manāsik-i ḥajj wa ʿumra. [n.p], 1418 AH.
 
• Damyāṭī, Al-sayyid al-bakrī al-. Iʿāna al-ṭālibīn. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1418 AH.
 
.Ibn Najīm, Zayn al-Dīn al-Ḥanafī. ''Al-Baḥr al-rāʾiq: sharḥ-i kanz al-daqāʾiq''. Beirut:  Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1418 AH.
 
Ḥusaynī al-Zabīdī, Muḥammad Murtaḍa al. ''Tāj al-ʿarūs min jawāhir al-qāmūs''. First edition. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
 
• Ibn Mujāwir, Tārīkh mustabṣir. Edited by: Mamdūḥ Ḥasan Muḥammad. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīniyya, 1996.
 
•  Ḥaṣkafī al-. Al-durr al-mukhtār. . Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415AH.
 
.ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Edited by ʿAbd Allāh Maḥmūd Muḥammad ʿUmar. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1421 AH.
Farāhīdī, Khalīl b. Aḥmad. ''Kitāb al-ʿayn''. Edited by Mahdī Makhzūmī and Ibrāhīm Sāmirāʾirī. Qom: Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH.
 
• ʿAjlūnī, Ismāʿīl al-. Kashf  al-khif āʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,  1408 AH.
• Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
 
• Chilibī, ʾUlīyā. Al-Raḥla al-ḥijazīyya. Translated by Aḥmad al-Mursī. Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1420 AH.


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[[fa:آبار علی]]
[[fa:آبار علی]]
[[ar:آبار علي]]
[[ar:آبار علي]]
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