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Commentators often discuss these narratives in light of the verse {إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکةَ مُبَارَکا...} (Quran:3:96) and consider this verse as supporting those narratives.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 762.</ref> In another category of narratives, Adam is considered the first founder of the [[Ka'ba]], and also [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 188; Aynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 262; Suyūṭī, ''Sharḥ al-sunan al-nisāʾī'', vol. 2, p. 33.</ref> In a narration by ''Wahb b. Munabbih'', Seth, the son of Adam, is introduced as the builder of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istidhkār'', vol. 4, p. 185; Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 2, p. 122; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Fatḥ al-bārī'', vol. 6, p. 285.</ref> | Commentators often discuss these narratives in light of the verse {إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکةَ مُبَارَکا...} (Quran:3:96) and consider this verse as supporting those narratives.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 762.</ref> In another category of narratives, Adam is considered the first founder of the [[Ka'ba]], and also [[Jerusalem]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 188; Aynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 262; Suyūṭī, ''Sharḥ al-sunan al-nisāʾī'', vol. 2, p. 33.</ref> In a narration by ''Wahb b. Munabbih'', Seth, the son of Adam, is introduced as the builder of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, ''Al-Istidhkār'', vol. 4, p. 185; Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 2, p. 122; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, ''Fatḥ al-bārī'', vol. 6, p. 285.</ref> | ||
Many scholars and interpreters, based on certain narrations, consider Prophet Abraham (AS) as the first founder of the | Many scholars and interpreters, based on certain narrations, consider Prophet Abraham (AS) as the first founder of the Ka'ba,<ref>Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 4, p. 116; Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 1, p. 763; Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 3, p. 226.</ref> not attributing any role to Adam in this regard. Some, considering the explicit mention in the Quran regarding Abraham's role in building the Ka'ba, do not find the narrations about Adam's role and his pilgrimage credible.<ref>Rashīd Riḍā, ''al-manār'', vol. 1, p. 383.</ref> Some gather narratives about the construction of the Kaaba, suggesting that angels built it before Adam's descent, and later, Adam, then Seth, and finally, Abraham revived and reconstructed it.<ref>Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref> | ||
==Hajj of Adam== | ==Hajj of Adam== | ||
In the book | In the book al-Kafi, which is one of the primary sources of Shia hadith, there is a dedicated section on the Hajj of Adam, and detailed explanations of his pilgrimage are mentioned in several narrations.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190-197.</ref> According to these narrations, the angel Gabriel taught Adam the rituals of Hajj step by step as follows: | ||
1. Gabriel first took Adam to Arafat and instructed him to seek forgiveness during the evening. | 1. Gabriel first took Adam to [['Arafat]] and instructed him to seek forgiveness during the evening. | ||
2. Then, they went to Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem), where Gabriel recommended seeking forgiveness during sunrise. | 2. Then, they went to Baitul Muqaddas (Jerusalem), where Gabriel recommended seeking forgiveness during sunrise. | ||
3. Afterward, they went to Mina and performed the sacrifice, stoning the pillars, and performing the acts of Halq (shaving) and Taqsir (trimming). | 3. Afterward, they went to Mina and performed the sacrifice, stoning the pillars, and performing the acts of Halq (shaving) and Taqsir (trimming). | ||
4. Finally, the rituals of Tawaf, including the seven rounds of Tawaf and Tawaf of the Women, were taught to Adam. | 4. Finally, the rituals of Tawaf, including the seven rounds of Tawaf and Tawaf of the Women, were taught to Adam. | ||
Gabriel (AS) assisted Adam in performing the acts of Halq, sacrifice, and other [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|Hajj rituals]].<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 196-197.</ref> | |||
===The number of Hajj rituals of Adam=== | ===The number of Hajj rituals of Adam=== | ||
There are differences regarding the number of Hajj rituals performed by Adam, including 30, 40, 70, 700, or 1000. These numbers are typically mentioned in narrations from non-infallible sources or transmitted traditions. | There are differences regarding the number of Hajj rituals performed by Adam, including 30,<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 2, p. 594.</ref> 40,<ref>Thaʿālibī, ''Tafsīr al-thaʿālibī'', vol. 1, p. 274; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 1, p. 115; Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 38.</ref> 70,<ref></ref> 700, or 1000. These numbers are typically mentioned in narrations from non-infallible sources or transmitted traditions. | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
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*Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istidhkār''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421 AH. | *Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, Yūsuf b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Istidhkār''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421 AH. | ||
*Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d]. | *Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d]. | ||
*Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-fikr, 1401 AH. | |||
*Rashīd Riḍā, Muḥammad. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ḥakīm al-mushtahir bi ʾism tafsīr al-manār''. Cairo: Dār al-Manār, 1373 AH. | |||
*Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]. | |||
*Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Abī l-Karam. ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1385 AH-1965. | |||