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'''The verse of Hajj''' is The 97th verse of | '''The verse of Hajj''' is The 97th verse of Sura Al Imran is the basis for the obligation of Hajj upon all those who are financially able. Some other verses, such as verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara and verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj, are also referred to as Hajj verses. Scholars and jurists have interpreted this verse in various ways. For example, according to this verse, Hajj is obligatory for everyone (some jurists even argue for non-Muslims). Furthermore, when one becomes financially capable, they should perform Hajj at the earliest opportunity. It is emphasized that Hajj is a divine right and should only be undertaken for the sake of God's pleasure. | ||
==The verses of Hajj== | ==The verses of Hajj== | ||
The verses related to Hajj, its pillars, and its regulations are numerous and scattered throughout the Quran. However, the well-known verse referred to as the "Hajj verse," from which many commentators and scholars have derived this interpretation, is verse 97 of Sura Al Imran.<ref>Jaṣāṣ, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 3, p. 17; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 70; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr'', vol. 2, p. 52.</ref> Some commentators and jurists have also interpreted the Hajj verse based on verse 196 of | The verses related to Hajj, its pillars, and its regulations are numerous and scattered throughout the Quran. However, the well-known verse referred to as the "Hajj verse," from which many commentators and scholars have derived this interpretation, is verse 97 of Sura Al Imran.<ref>Jaṣāṣ, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 3, p. 17; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 70; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr'', vol. 2, p. 52.</ref> Some commentators and jurists have also interpreted the Hajj verse based on [[verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara]]<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 5, p. 153.</ref> and [[verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Rīyāḍ al-masāʾil'', vol. 6, p. 31.</ref> | ||
==The text of the verse== | ==The text of the verse== | ||
فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ۗ وَلِلَّـهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ.<ref>Quran: 3: 97. </ref> In it are clear signs [such as] Abraham's station. Anyone who enters it will be secure. Pilgrimage to the House is a duty imposed on mankind by God, for anyone who can afford a way to do so. Anyone who disbelieves [will find] that God is Transcendent, beyond [any need of] the Universe. | فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ۗ وَلِلَّـهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ.<ref>Quran: 3: 97. </ref> In it are clear signs [such as] Abraham's station. Anyone who enters it will be secure. Pilgrimage to the House is a duty imposed on mankind by God, for anyone who can afford a way to do so. Anyone who disbelieves [will find] that God is Transcendent, beyond [any need of] the Universe. | ||
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==The Revelation of the Verse and the Obligation of Hajj== | ==The Revelation of the Verse and the Obligation of Hajj== | ||
Some commentators have stated that Hajj became obligatory with the revelation of this very verse in the 9th or 10th year of the Hijra (or, in other words, with the revelation of verse 27 of | Some commentators have stated that [[Hajj]] became obligatory with the revelation of this very verse in the 9th or 10th year of the Hijra (or, in other words, with the revelation of [[verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj]]), and the Prophet performed the Hajj in the 10th year after the descent of this verse.<ref>Jaṣāṣ, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 5, p. 64; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 7, p. 309; Fāḍil Miqdād, ''Kanz al-ʿirfān'', vol. 1, p. 268.</ref> Others believe that this verse (along with other verses from Sura Al Imran) was revealed in the third year of Hijra in Medina, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not have the opportunity to perform Hajj until the 10th year of Hijra.<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 144.</ref> Some consider the timing of the obligation of Hajj to be related to the revelation of other verses, including verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj,<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 144.</ref> verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara,<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 5, p. 153; Fāḍil Miqdād, ''Kanz al-ʿirfān'', vol. 1, p. 266, 274.</ref> or verse 96 of Sura Al Imran.<ref>Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Masālik al-ifhām'', vol. 2, p. 119.</ref> | ||
==Contents of the Verse== | ==Contents of the Verse== | ||
===Obligation of Hajj, even upon disbelievers=== | ===Obligation of Hajj, even upon disbelievers=== | ||
According to this verse, Allah has made Hajj obligatory for those who are financially able. It is said that the address in the verse includes everyone, be it a man, a woman, a believer, or a disbeliever. Some Shiite jurists and some Sunni scholars believe that based on this verse, Hajj is obligatory for disbelievers just like it is for believers, and Islam has only defined the condition for its validity, not the condition for its obligation. | According to this verse, Allah has made [[Hajj]] obligatory for those who are financially able. It is said that the address in the verse includes everyone, be it a man, a woman, a believer, or a disbeliever. Some Shiite jurists and some Sunni scholars believe that based on this verse, Hajj is obligatory for disbelievers just like it is for believers, and Islam has only defined the condition for its validity, not the condition for its obligation.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Muntahā l-maṭlab'', vol. 2, p. 659.</ref> | ||
===Financial ability (Condition for the obligation of Hajj)=== | ===Financial ability (Condition for the obligation of Hajj)=== | ||
In this verse, the obligation of Hajj is contingent upon financial ability. Shiite jurists and many Sunni scholars, based on the Hajj verse and verse 196 of Al- | In this verse, the obligation of Hajj is contingent upon [[financial ability]] .<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 145.</ref> [[Shiite jurists]] and many Sunni scholars, based on the Hajj verse and [[verse 196 of Al-Baqara]], argue for the immediate performance of Hajj after acquiring the financial means and fulfilling the other conditions of the obligation of Hajj.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Khilāf'', vol. 2, p. 257; Al-Zuhaylī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-munīr'', vol. 4, p. 16; Kāshif al-ghitāʾ, ''Kashf al-ghitāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 429.</ref> | ||
===Meaning of "who disbelieves" in the verse=== | ===Meaning of "«من کفر» who disbelieves" in the verse=== | ||
Commentators have understood the term " | Commentators have understood the term "«من کفر»who disbelieves" in the Hajj verse to refer to someone who denies the obligation of Hajj.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 4, p. 27; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 2, p. 538.</ref> However, someone who believes in its obligation but neglects to perform Hajj is not labeled as a disbeliever.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 266; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 2, p. 538; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 16.</ref> According to some commentators, the meaning of "«من کفر» who disbelieves" is not leaving the circle of Islam; rather, it signifies ingratitude for blessings, as acting against divine command, failing to express gratitude for blessings, and disobedience to divine orders are considered a form of ingratitude.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 799; Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 1, p. 115.</ref> | ||
===Hajj as a Divine Right=== | ===Hajj as a Divine Right=== | ||
According to verse 97 of | According to verse 97 of Sura Al Imran, [[Hajj]] is one of the divine rights granted to the servants of God. Based on this, it is emphasized that Hajj should be performed solely for the sake of God's pleasure.<ref>Qāḍīʿskar, ''Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī'', p. 20.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
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*Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH. | *Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH. | ||
*Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. ''Al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-'aqīda wa al-sharī'a wa al-manhaj''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, 1411 AH. | *Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. ''Al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-'aqīda wa al-sharī'a wa al-manhaj''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, 1411 AH. | ||
*Fāḍil Miqdād, Miqdād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Kanz al-ʿirfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Sharīfzāda & Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. Tehran: Nashr-i Murtaḍawī, [n.d]. | |||
*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH. | *Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH. | ||
*Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Muntahā l-maṭlab fī taḥqīq al-madhhab''. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmīyya, 1412 AH. | *Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Muntahā l-maṭlab fī taḥqīq al-madhhab''. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmīyya, 1412 AH. | ||
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. '' | *Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā taḥṣīl masā'il al-sharī'a''. 1st Edition. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1412 AH. | ||
*Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, 1419 AH. | *Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, 1419 AH. | ||
*Jaṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. Alī, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', Edited Muḥammad Ṣādiq Qamḥārī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH. | *Jaṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. Alī, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', Edited Muḥammad Ṣādiq Qamḥārī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH. |