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Lady Khadija's House: Difference between revisions

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==First Descriptions==
==First Descriptions==


According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, ''al-Jami' al-latif'', p. 286; Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]], one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,<ref>Ibn Sa'd,''al-Tabaqat  al-kubra''
According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 286; Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]], one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>
vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>


Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima(a)]] was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>
Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima(a)]] was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>


==In the 9th/15th Century==
==In the 9th/15th Century==
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Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "[[Mawlid Fatima]]", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>Fāsī, ''al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa'', p. 99.</ref>
Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "[[Mawlid Fatima]]", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>Fāsī, ''al-Zuhūr al-muqtaṭafa'', p. 99.</ref>


Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 48.</ref>
Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 48.</ref>


==In the 13th/19th and 14th/20th century==
==In the 13th/19th and 14th/20th century==
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadija(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on Lady Fatima's birthplace and a room in it was called the place of the Prophet's worship.<ref> Miqat-i Hajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref> According to a report in 1265/1849, in the place of Khadija's house, a [[takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadija(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on Lady Fatima's birthplace and a room in it was called the place of the Prophet's worship.<ref> Miqat-i Hajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref> According to a report in 1265/1849, in the place of Khadija's house, a [[takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  


==Destruction==
==Destruction==


The Egyptian writer Mohammed Hussein Heikal (d. 1956) visited the place of this house in 1354/1936. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty land and there is no trace of it.<ref>Haykal, Fi manzil al-wahy, p. 227.</ref> Muhammad Lutfi Jum'a also confirms the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Lutfi,''ayyam al-mabrurra'', p. 78.</ref>
The Egyptian writer Mohammed Hussein Heikal (d. 1956) visited the place of this house in 1354/1936. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty land and there is no trace of it.<ref>Haykal, ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’, p. 227.</ref> Muhammad Lutfi Jum'a also confirms the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Lutfi,''ayyam al-mabrurra'', p. 78.</ref>


==Construction of a School of the Quran==
==Construction of a School of the Quran==


In Jumada I of 1370/1951, a building was built as a school of the Quran on the grounds of Lady Khadija's house.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 58.</ref> Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi (d. 1400/1980) has mentioned the building as takiyya.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref> The building was constructed by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as al-Sayyid 'Abbas's School in Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija's House.<ref>Yamani,Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 58.</ref>
In Jumada I of 1370/1951, a building was built as a school of the Quran on the grounds of Lady Khadija's house.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 58.</ref> Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi (d. 1400/1980) has mentioned the building as takiyya.<ref>Kurdī, ''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref> The building was constructed by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as al-Sayyid 'Abbas's School in Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija's House.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 58.</ref>


==Merging with al-Masjid al-Haram==
==Merging with al-Masjid al-Haram==


At the end of the year 1410/1989, the school of the Quran was destroyed for the eastern expansion of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. During the demolition operation, the remains of old building of Lady Khadija's house were excavated.<ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 60.</ref> Ahmad Zaki al-Yamani, was present at the site during the operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Lady Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book ''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid''.<ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 93 onwards.</ref>
At the end of the year 1410/1989, the school of the Quran was destroyed for the eastern expansion of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. During the demolition operation, the remains of old building of Lady Khadija's house were excavated.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 60.</ref> Ahmad Zaki al-Yamani, was present at the site during the operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Lady Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book ''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid''.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd'', p. 93 onwards.</ref>


==Gallery ==
==Gallery ==
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* Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
* Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Taqī al-. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418AH.
* Haykal, Muḥammad  Ḥusayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo:  al-Hayʾat al-Miṣrīyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2010.
* Haykal, Muḥammad  Ḥusayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo:  al-Hayʾat al-Miṣrīyya al-ʿĀmma li-l-Kitāb, 2010.
* Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, n.d.
* Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ‘’Rihla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār Maktabat al-Hilāl, 1986.
*Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al-Hashimi al-Basri. ''Al-Tabaqat * al-kubra''. Edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Ata. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya,1410AH-1990.  
* Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.  
*Ibn Zahira, Muhammad Jarullah. ''Al-Jami' al-latif fi faḍl-i Makka wa ahluha wa bina' al-Bayt al-Sharif''. Edited by 'Ali 'Umar. Cairo: 1423AH:
* Ibn Ẓahīra, Muḥammad. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl Makka wa ahl-hā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thiqāfat al-Dīnīyya, 1423AH.
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Āthar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh
* Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li-Makka wa Bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: Dār Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Panjah safarnama-yi hajj-i qajari''. Tehran: Nashr-i 'Ilm, 1389 Sh.
* Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakī. ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint Khūwaylīd''. London: Muʾssisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 1434AH.
*Jubayr, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwiz Atabaki. Mashhad: Intisharat-i Āstan-i Quds-i Raḍawi, 1370 Sh.
*Jum'a, Muhammad Lutfi .''Ayyam al-mabrurra fi al-buqa' al-Muqaddasa''. Cairo: 'alim al-kutub, 1998.
*Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''Al-Tarikh al-qawim li Makka wa bayt Allah al-karim''. Beirut: 1420 AH.
*Maghribi, Muhammad 'Ali .A'lam al- hijaz fi al-qarn al-rabi' al-'ashar. Jeddah: Tihama, 1401 AH.
*Quarterly magazine of Miqat-i Hajj.  Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
*Sultan Murad Mirza Hisam al-saltana .''Safarnama makka''. Edited by Rasul Ja'fariyan, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1374 sh.
*Tabari, 'Ali b.'Abd al-Qadir. ''Al-Arj al-miski fi al-tarikh al-makki''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijariyya, 1416 AH:
*Yamani ,Ahmad Zakki.''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid fi makka al-mukarrama dirasat tarikhiyya li-ddar wa maqi'iha wa 'imaratuha''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1434 AH.
 
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[[fa:خانه حضرت خدیجه(س)]]
[[fa:خانه حضرت خدیجه(س)]]
[[ar:بيت السيدة خديجة(س)]]
[[ar:بيت السيدة خديجة(س)]]