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==Rites of 'Umra al-Tamattu'== | ==Rites of 'Umra al-Tamattu'== | ||
The rites of 'umra, which must be performed before the rites of tamattu', include [[ihram]], [[tawaf]], [[prayer of tawaf]], sa'y, and [[taqsir]].<ref> | The rites of 'umra, which must be performed before the rites of tamattu', include [[ihram]], [[tawaf]], [[prayer of tawaf]], sa'y, and [[taqsir]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 26.</ref> | ||
The place of ihram for umra is one of [[Miqat|the miqats]], such as [[al-Shajara]] and [[Juhfa]].<ref> | The place of ihram for umra is one of [[Miqat|the miqats]], such as [[al-Shajara]] and [[Juhfa]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 28.</ref> Those who go to Mecca from Medina, must become [[Ihram|muhrim]] in the al-Shajara mosque, which is in the [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]] area outside of [[Medina]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 29.</ref> | ||
After putting on Ihram and entering [[Mecca]], pilgrims should perform [[tawaf]] of the [[Ka'ba]]<ref> | After putting on Ihram and entering [[Mecca]], pilgrims should perform [[tawaf]] of the [[Ka'ba]]<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 33.</ref> and then perform the [[tawaf prayer]], which have two [[rak'as]], behind the [[Maqam Ibrahim]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 41.</ref> The next Rite of 'umra is [[sa'y]] between Safa and Marwah; It means to walk the distance between Mount Safa and Mount Marwa seven times.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 44.</ref> At the end, after [[taqsir]], pilgrims come out of ihram and the [[prohibitions of ihram]] are lifted.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 49.</ref> | ||
Of course, in the interval between taqsir of 'umra and the ihram of hajj, some things are forbidden for pilgrims that they should avoid. such as performng [[al-'umra al-mufrada]], shaving the head, going out of the city of Mecca (according to the fatwas of a number of Shia jurists), cutting down trees and plants of [[Haram area]], and hunting (even killing little insects).<ref> | Of course, in the interval between taqsir of 'umra and the ihram of hajj, some things are forbidden for pilgrims that they should avoid. such as performng [[al-'umra al-mufrada]], shaving the head, going out of the city of Mecca (according to the fatwas of a number of Shia jurists), cutting down trees and plants of [[Haram area]], and hunting (even killing little insects).<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 51.</ref> | ||
==Rites Of Hajj al-Tamattu'== | ==Rites Of Hajj al-Tamattu'== | ||
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===Ihram=== | ===Ihram=== | ||
{{main|Ihram}} | {{main|Ihram}} | ||
Ihram for hajj must be in the months of hajj (Shawwal, Dhu l-Qa'da, and Dhu l-Hijja); however, ihram in hajj al-tamattu' must be done after completing 'umra. A pilgrim should be muhrim before noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of 'Arafa]]), when he reaches the [['Arafat]] in order to begin [[Staying at Arafat|staying at 'Arafat]], which is from noon on the day of Arafa. The place of ihram of hajj is the city of [[Mecca]].<ref> | Ihram for hajj must be in the months of hajj (Shawwal, Dhu l-Qa'da, and Dhu l-Hijja); however, ihram in hajj al-tamattu' must be done after completing 'umra. A pilgrim should be muhrim before noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of 'Arafa]]), when he reaches the [['Arafat]] in order to begin [[Staying at Arafat|staying at 'Arafat]], which is from noon on the day of Arafa. The place of ihram of hajj is the city of [[Mecca]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 53.</ref> | ||
From the time of ihram to [[TaHallul|tahallul]], pilgrims should avoid the [[prohibitions of ihram]], such as verbal disputing, sexual intercourse, and wearing perfume.<ref> | From the time of ihram to [[TaHallul|tahallul]], pilgrims should avoid the [[prohibitions of ihram]], such as verbal disputing, sexual intercourse, and wearing perfume.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 55.</ref> | ||
===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | {{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | ||
Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref> | Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref>Fikrī, ''Farhang-i iṣṭilāḥāt-i ḥajj wa ʿumra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat|'Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of Arafa]]) until sunset, which is the time of maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominations, the time of this rite is considered to be the day of 'Arafa. Of course, there is a difference between these denominations in the exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 453; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 522; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 177; Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 387; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', Vol. 1, p. 597,599; Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 378.</ref> | ||
For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref> | For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 59.</ref> | ||
Reciting [[the supplication of Imam Husayn(a) on the day of 'Arafa]] is one of the customs that Shias perform on this day and at [['Arafat]].<ref> | Reciting [[the supplication of Imam Husayn(a) on the day of 'Arafa]] is one of the customs that Shias perform on this day and at [['Arafat]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 60.</ref> Other customs of this day are [[repentance]] (tawba),<ref>''MisbaH al-shari'a'', P. 92; Fayd al-Kashani, ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda''', vol. 2; p. 207.</ref> and reciting special supplications.<ref>MuHammadi Reyshahri, ''Hajj wa 'Umra dar Quran wa Hadith'', p. 392.</ref> | ||
===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | {{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | ||
Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref> | Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref>Fikrī, ''Farhang-i iṣṭilāḥāt-i ḥajj wa ʿumra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rite, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al-Adha|Eid of al-Adha]]) until sunrise.<ref>Qadi'skar, ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami'', P. 288.</ref> | ||
Reciting special Supplications,<ref>saduq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles for ramy al-Jamrat at [[Mina]] are also recommended while staying at mash'ar.<ref> | Reciting special Supplications,<ref>saduq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles for ramy al-Jamrat at [[Mina]] are also recommended while staying at mash'ar.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 63.</ref> | ||
===Rites of Mina === | ===Rites of Mina === | ||
{{main|Rites of Mina}} | {{main|Rites of Mina}} | ||
Hajj pilgrims should come out of al-Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] (Eid of al-Adha). A pilgrim in hajj al-tamattu' must perform the rites of Mina, which include three actions:<ref> | Hajj pilgrims should come out of al-Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] (Eid of al-Adha). A pilgrim in hajj al-tamattu' must perform the rites of Mina, which include three actions:<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 65.</ref> | ||
{{Col-begin|3}} | {{Col-begin|3}} | ||
# ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba | # ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba | ||
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====Ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba==== | ====Ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba==== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
On the day of Eid al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a pilgrim to throw seven stones at [[Jamra al-'Aqaba]] (the last jamara in Mina).<ref> | On the day of Eid al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a pilgrim to throw seven stones at [[Jamra al-'Aqaba]] (the last jamara in Mina).<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 26.</ref> Throwing stones should be with the [[intention of Qurba]] and must be thrown one ofter another; So, if he throws several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence, when a pilgrim is performing ramy al-Jamar it is [[mustahabb]] to turn his back to the [[Qibla]].<ref> | According to Shia jurisprudence, when a pilgrim is performing ramy al-Jamar it is [[mustahabb]] to turn his back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbali and Malikis denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamra al-'Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-605; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 456; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533; Ibn Quddama, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal'', P. 1045-1046; Namiri al-qurṭubi, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina'', p. 502.</ref> | ||
====Sacrifice==== | ====Sacrifice==== | ||
{{main|Sacrifice in hajj}} | {{main|Sacrifice in hajj}} | ||
It is obligatory for pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rites of [[hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref> | It is obligatory for pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rites of [[hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 67.</ref> The time of sacrifice is after [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy al-Jamrah al-'Aqaba]] and before [[Taqsir or Halq|halq or taqsir]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 68.</ref> But based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, the time of sacrifice is the day of [[Eid al-Adha|Eid al-Adha]] and two days after it.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 587-588; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 252-258.</ref> | ||
The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref> | The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 69.</ref> | ||
According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[hajj al-tamattu']] it is obligatory for a pilgrim to make a sacrifice, regardless of whether he is [[Afaqi|afaqi]] or not;<ref>Hilli, ''TaHrir al-aHkam'', vol. 1, p. 619-620; Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', Vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> but a small number of Shia jurists<ref>Sarakhsi, ''Al-Mabsuṭ'', Vol. 1, p. 308.</ref> and Sunni jurists<ref>Mawurdi, ''Al-Hawi al-kabir'', vol. 4, p. 50, Ibn Qudama, ''Al-Mughni'', vol. 3, p. 501-502; | According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[hajj al-tamattu']] it is obligatory for a pilgrim to make a sacrifice, regardless of whether he is [[Afaqi|afaqi]] or not;<ref>Hilli, ''TaHrir al-aHkam'', vol. 1, p. 619-620; Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', Vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> but a small number of Shia jurists<ref>Sarakhsi, ''Al-Mabsuṭ'', Vol. 1, p. 308.</ref> and Sunni jurists<ref>Mawurdi, ''Al-Hawi al-kabir'', vol. 4, p. 50, Ibn Qudama, ''Al-Mughni'', vol. 3, p. 501-502; Baghdādī, ''Irshād al-sālik'', vol. 1, p. 43.</ref> do not consider it obligatory for a pilgrim who is a Meccan to make a sacrifice. | ||
====Halq and Taqsir==== | ====Halq and Taqsir==== | ||
{{main|Halq or taqsir}} | {{main|Halq or taqsir}} | ||
"Halq" means shaving the hair of the head and "taqsir" means cutting some hair and nails.<ref> | "Halq" means shaving the hair of the head and "taqsir" means cutting some hair and nails.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 71.</ref> The time of this act is from sunrise to sunset on the day of Eid al-Adha and its place is [[Mina]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 72.</ref> for women and men who do not have hair on their head, it is obligatory to do taqsir{{enote|According to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is obligatory for men without hair to shave their heads. In the jurisprudence of other Sunni sects, this practice is considered recommended. (Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 454.)}}. A person who is making pilgrimage for the first time must do halq<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 71-72.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurists, halq or taqsir should be done on [[Eid al-Adha]] as a obligatory caution or as a recommended caution. However, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, it can be delayed from the days of nahr{{enote|According to these three denominations, the days of nahr are Eid al-Adha and two days after that.}}<ref>Shahid al-Thani, Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya, vol. 1, p. 539-561; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 40.</ref> | According to Shia jurists, halq or taqsir should be done on [[Eid al-Adha]] as a obligatory caution or as a recommended caution. However, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, it can be delayed from the days of nahr{{enote|According to these three denominations, the days of nahr are Eid al-Adha and two days after that.}}<ref>Shahid al-Thani, Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya, vol. 1, p. 539-561; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 40.</ref> | ||
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===Tawaf of Hajj and Its Prayer=== | ===Tawaf of Hajj and Its Prayer=== | ||
{{main|Tawaf|Prayer of Tawaf}} | {{main|Tawaf|Prayer of Tawaf}} | ||
Tawaf is circling seven times around the [[Ka'ba]] in [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. It is obligatory to start these seven rounds from the corner of the Ka'ba where [[al-Hajar al-Aswad]] is located, and end each round there. Direction of circling should be so that during tawaf, the Ka'ba be on the left side.<ref> | Tawaf is circling seven times around the [[Ka'ba]] in [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. It is obligatory to start these seven rounds from the corner of the Ka'ba where [[al-Hajar al-Aswad]] is located, and end each round there. Direction of circling should be so that during tawaf, the Ka'ba be on the left side.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
According to fatwa of most Shiite jurists, tawaf should be performed as near to the Ka'ba as possible to the distance that people usually perform tawaf and their walking is considered circling the Ka'ba.<ref> | According to fatwa of most Shiite jurists, tawaf should be performed as near to the Ka'ba as possible to the distance that people usually perform tawaf and their walking is considered circling the Ka'ba.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
According to some other Shiite jurists, tawaf should be within the distance between the [[Ka'ba]] and the [[Maqam Ibrahim]], which is about 13 meters. However, if tawaf is difficult or not possible in that area, and they cannot wait to perform tawaf in other time, there is no problem at a further distance.<ref> | According to some other Shiite jurists, tawaf should be within the distance between the [[Ka'ba]] and the [[Maqam Ibrahim]], which is about 13 meters. However, if tawaf is difficult or not possible in that area, and they cannot wait to perform tawaf in other time, there is no problem at a further distance.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
[[Tawaf prayer]] is an obligatory prayer that has two-rak'as and should be recited after circumambulation of the Ka'ba with the intention of tawaf prayer, behind the Maqam Ibrahim. This prayer is like morning prayer; But it does not have [[adhan]] and [[iqama]].<ref> | [[Tawaf prayer]] is an obligatory prayer that has two-rak'as and should be recited after circumambulation of the Ka'ba with the intention of tawaf prayer, behind the Maqam Ibrahim. This prayer is like morning prayer; But it does not have [[adhan]] and [[iqama]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
===Sa'y=== | ===Sa'y=== | ||
{{main|Sa'y}} | {{main|Sa'y}} | ||
Sa'y means walking the distance between the two mountains of [[Safa]] and [[Marwa|Marwa]] seven times. This action starts from Safa and ends at Marwa.<ref> | Sa'y means walking the distance between the two mountains of [[Safa]] and [[Marwa|Marwa]] seven times. This action starts from Safa and ends at Marwa.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
It is recommended for men to jogg on a part of the path marked with a green line and light. Saying these dhikrs, Allah-u akbar, la ilah-a illa Allah; Alhamd-u li-llah, and Subhan Allah hundred times; is another mustahab of sa'y.<ref> | It is recommended for men to jogg on a part of the path marked with a green line and light. Saying these dhikrs, Allah-u akbar, la ilah-a illa Allah; Alhamd-u li-llah, and Subhan Allah hundred times; is another mustahab of sa'y.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
===Tawaf al-Nisa' and Its Prayer=== | ===Tawaf al-Nisa' and Its Prayer=== | ||
{{main|Tawaf al-Nisa}} | {{main|Tawaf al-Nisa}} | ||
[[Tawaf al-Nisa'|Tawaf al-nisa']] is seven rounds around the [[Ka'ba]], which is done with the intention of tawaf al-nisa'. After tawaf of al-nisa', its prayer should be recited behind the [[Maqam Ibrahim]]. Tawaf al-nisa and its prayer are like tawaf and tawaf prayer (except for the intention). Therefore, it starts from al-Hajar al-'Aswad and ends there.<ref>Wizhianami-yi 'umra-yi mufradih: Wisal-i dust, P.74-78; | [[Tawaf al-Nisa'|Tawaf al-nisa']] is seven rounds around the [[Ka'ba]], which is done with the intention of tawaf al-nisa'. After tawaf of al-nisa', its prayer should be recited behind the [[Maqam Ibrahim]]. Tawaf al-nisa and its prayer are like tawaf and tawaf prayer (except for the intention). Therefore, it starts from al-Hajar al-'Aswad and ends there.<ref>Wizhianami-yi 'umra-yi mufradih: Wisal-i dust, P.74-78; Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 80.</ref> | ||
Sunni jurists do not consider the tawaf al-nisa' as obligatory and instead consider the [[tawaf al-wada']] as one of the obligatory or recommended rituals.<ref>Shirazi, ''Al-Tanbih'', Vol. l, p. 80; Nawawi, ''Al-Majmu''', vol. 8, p. 265-266.</ref> | Sunni jurists do not consider the tawaf al-nisa' as obligatory and instead consider the [[tawaf al-wada']] as one of the obligatory or recommended rituals.<ref>Shirazi, ''Al-Tanbih'', Vol. l, p. 80; Nawawi, ''Al-Majmu''', vol. 8, p. 265-266.</ref> | ||
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===Baytuta=== | ===Baytuta=== | ||
{{main|Baytuta}} | {{main|Baytuta}} | ||
Baytuta means "to stay the night in a place". It is obligatory for the hajj pilgrims to stay the 11th and 12th nights of Dhu l-Hijja from sunset to midnight with the [[qurba intention]] in [[Mina]]. Therefore, those who have gone to [[Mecca]] should return to Mina before sunset. According to the [[fatwa]] of some Shia jurists, hajj pilgrims can spend the first or second half of the night in Mina.<ref> | Baytuta means "to stay the night in a place". It is obligatory for the hajj pilgrims to stay the 11th and 12th nights of Dhu l-Hijja from sunset to midnight with the [[qurba intention]] in [[Mina]]. Therefore, those who have gone to [[Mecca]] should return to Mina before sunset. According to the [[fatwa]] of some Shia jurists, hajj pilgrims can spend the first or second half of the night in Mina.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 74-75.</ref> However, according to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is [[mustahabb]] and leaving it is [[makruh]].<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> | ||
The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written "bidayat Mina" (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written "nihayat Mina" (the end of Mina).<ref> | The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written "bidayat Mina" (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written "nihayat Mina" (the end of Mina).<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[Mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do nothing except the necessary, it is not obligatory for them to go to Mina.<ref> | According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Tusi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[Mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do nothing except the necessary, it is not obligatory for them to go to Mina.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
Those who have an excuse, can leave baytuta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave baytuta.<ref> | Those who have an excuse, can leave baytuta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave baytuta.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the Jamarat is another obligatory rite of [[Hajj]].<ref> | Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the Jamarat is another obligatory rite of [[Hajj]].<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 76.</ref> At the end of Mina, there are three stones, the first one is called al-Jamara al-Ula (the first), the second one is al-Jamara al-Wusṭa (the middle) and the third one is al-Jamara al-'Aqaba (the last).<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | ||
*Al-Niyya (intention): Ramy, like other rituals of [[hajj]], is a worship and should be performed with the intention of closeness and without any hypocrisy and show off. | * Al-Niyya (intention): Ramy, like other rituals of [[hajj]], is a worship and should be performed with the intention of closeness and without any hypocrisy and show off. | ||
*Seven pebbles must be thrown into the [[Jamaras|jamarah]], but it is not necessary to hit them one after the other, so for example, if two of them hit the jamrah and the third one does not, if the fourth one hits the jamarah, it is counted as the third one. | * Seven pebbles must be thrown into the [[Jamaras|jamarah]], but it is not necessary to hit them one after the other, so for example, if two of them hit the jamrah and the third one does not, if the fourth one hits the jamarah, it is counted as the third one. | ||
*throwing stones, so if hajj pilgrim goes ahead and lays stones, it is not enough. | * throwing stones, so if hajj pilgrim goes ahead and lays stones, it is not enough. | ||
*The stone should hit the jamara. | * The stone should hit the jamara. | ||
*It hits the jamara by throwing it, therefore, it is not enough if it hits a stone by hitting a place or by hitting other people's stones. | * It hits the jamara by throwing it, therefore, it is not enough if it hits a stone by hitting a place or by hitting other people's stones. | ||
*Hajj pilgrim should hit the jamara gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref> | * Hajj pilgrim should hit the jamara gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali jurisprudence, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrat. Hanafis consider observing the order as mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali jurisprudence, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrat. Hanafis consider observing the order as mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | ||
It is recommended to be [[tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw the first and the middle jamara while facing the [[qibla]] and throwing at the last jamara with one's back to the qibla.<ref> | It is recommended to be [[tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw the first and the middle jamara while facing the [[qibla]] and throwing at the last jamara with one's back to the qibla.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and do ramy on the 13th day as well.<ref> | Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and do ramy on the 13th day as well.<ref>Fallāḥzāda, ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Line 120: | Line 120: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
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* | * Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i ḥajj''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 Sh. | ||
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