Automoderated users, Bureaucrats, checkuser, developer, Interface administrators, Moderators, Administrators
656
edits
Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu': Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
The '''rites of hajj al-tamattu'''' ({{ia|مناسك حج التمتع}}) are a set of rituals that are held at certain times and places in the city of [[Mecca]]. The rituals of hajj al-tamattu' begin after the rituals of [['umra al-tamattu']] are completed. | The '''rites of hajj al-tamattu'''' ({{ia|مناسك حج التمتع}}) are a set of rituals that are held at certain times and places in the city of [[Mecca]]. The rituals of hajj al-tamattu' begin after the rituals of [['umra al-tamattu']] are completed. | ||
Hajj pilgrims who have already come out of [[ihram]] for [['umra al-tamattu']] once again put on ihram in Mecca with the [[intention]] of performing The rites of hajj al-tamattu' and say [[labbayk]]. Then they [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|stay]] in [['Arafat]] desert from noon on the [[9th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] until sunset. After that, they spend the [[10th night of Dhu l-Hijja]] in [[al-Mash'ar]], then [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|stay]] in al-Mash'ar from the morning call to prayer ( | Hajj pilgrims who have already come out of [[ihram]] for [['umra al-tamattu']] once again put on ihram in Mecca with the [[intention]] of performing The rites of hajj al-tamattu' and say [[labbayk]]. Then they [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|stay]] in [['Arafat]] desert from noon on the [[9th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] until sunset. After that, they spend the [[10th night of Dhu l-Hijja]] in [[al-Mash'ar]], then [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|stay]] in al-Mash'ar from the morning call to prayer (fajr adhan) on the [[10th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid al-Adha]]) until sunrise. Then, on the 10th day of Dhu l-Hijja, they perform the rituals of [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy al-Jamara al-'Aqaba]], [[sacrifice]] (qurbani) and [[taqsir or halq|halq or taqsir]]. | ||
After completing the rituals of [[Mina|Mina]], hajj pilgrims go to [[Mecca]] and performs the [[rituals of Mecca]]. These rituals include [[tawaf]] and [[Prayer of | After completing the rituals of [[Mina|Mina]], hajj pilgrims go to [[Mecca]] and performs the [[rituals of Mecca]]. These rituals include [[tawaf]] and [[Prayer of tawaf|its prayer]], [[Sa'y|sa'y between Safa and Marwa]], and [[tawaf al-nisa']] and its prayer. They then return to [[Mina|Mina]] and stay the 11th and 12th nights (and for some, the 13th night) of Dhu l-Hijja in Mina. On the 11th and 12th days, he does [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy of triple Jamrats]]. By leaving Mina in the afternoon of the twelfth day, hajj ends. | ||
==Rites of 'Umra al-Tamattu'== | ==Rites of 'Umra al-Tamattu'== | ||
The rites of 'umra, which must be performed before the rites of tamattu', include [[ihram]], [[tawaf]], [[prayer of tawaf]], sa'y and [[taqsir]].<ref> | The rites of 'umra, which must be performed before the rites of tamattu', include [[ihram]], [[tawaf]], [[prayer of tawaf]], sa'y, and [[taqsir]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 26.</ref> | ||
The place of ihram for umra is one of [[Miqat|the miqats]], such as [[al-Shajara]] and [[Juhfa]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 28.</ref> Those who go to Mecca from Medina, must become [[Ihram|muhrim]] in the al-Shajara mosque, which is in the [[Dhu l-Hulayfa]] area outside of [[Medina]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 29.</ref> | |||
After putting on Ihram and entering [[Mecca]], pilgrims should perform [[tawaf]] of the [[Ka'ba]]<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33.</ref> and then perform the [[tawaf prayer]], which have two [[rak'as]], behind the [[Maqam Ibrahim]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41.</ref> The next Rite of 'umra is [[Sa'y |sa'y between safa and Marwah]]; It means to walk the distance between Mount Safa and Mount Marwa seven times.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 44.</ref> At the end, after [[taqsir]], pilgrims come out of ihram and the [[prohibitions of ihram]] become lawful for them.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 49.</ref> | |||
Of course, in the interval between taqsir of 'umra and the ihram of hajj, some things are forbidden for pilgrims that they should avoid. such as performng [[al-'umra al-mufrada]], shaving the head, going out of the city of Mecca (according to the fatwas of a number of Shia jurists), cutting down trees and plants of [[Haram area]], and hunting (even killing little insects).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 51.</ref> | |||
==Rites Of Hajj al-Tamattu'== | |||
=== | The Rites Of hajj al-tamattu', which begin after rites of 'umra al-tamattu', are as follows: | ||
===Ihram=== | |||
{{main|Ihram}} | {{main|Ihram}} | ||
Ihram for | Ihram for hajj must be in the months of Hajj (Shawwal, Dhu l-Qa'da and Dhu l-Hijja); However, Ihram in Tamattu' Hajj must be done after completing umra. Hadji should be Muhrim before noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of 'Arafa]]), when he reaches the Desert of [['Arafat]] in order to start [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|staying]] at Arafat, which is from noon on the Day of Arafah. The place of Ihram of Hajj is the city of [[Mecca]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 53.</ref> | ||
From the time of Ihram to [[TaHallul]], Hajj pilgrims should avoid the prohibitions of Ihram, such as Verbal disputing, sexual intercourse, and good scent.<ref> | From the time of Ihram to [[TaHallul]], Hajj pilgrims should avoid the prohibitions of Ihram, such as Verbal disputing, sexual intercourse, and good scent.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 55.</ref> | ||
===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | {{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | ||
Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory rites of [[Hajj]] and it means “staying at the desert of Arafat”. <ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i | Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory rites of [[Hajj]] and it means “staying at the desert of Arafat”.<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja (day of Arafa) until sunset, which is the time of Maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominatons, the time of this Rite is considered to be the day of Arafa; Of course, there is a difference between these denominatons in its exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 453; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 522; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 177; Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 387; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-arba'a'', Vol. 1, p. 597,599; Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 378.</ref> | ||
For a hajj pilgrim who does not feel weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being Ṭahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[mustahabbs|mustaHabbs]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref> | For a hajj pilgrim who does not feel weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being Ṭahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[mustahabbs|mustaHabbs]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 59.</ref> | ||
Reciting [[the Supplication of Imam Husayn(a)]] on the day of 'Arafa is one of the customs that Shiites perform on this day and at the desert of [['Arafat]].<ref> | Reciting [[the Supplication of Imam Husayn(a)]] on the day of 'Arafa is one of the customs that Shiites perform on this day and at the desert of [['Arafat]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 60.</ref> Other customs of this day are [[repentance]](Tawba).<ref>''MisbaH al-shari'a'', P. 92; Fayd al-Kashani, ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda''', vol. 2; p. 207.</ref> and reciting special Supplications.<ref>MuHammadi Reyshahri, ''Hajj wa 'Umra dar Quran wa Hadith'', p. 392.</ref> | ||
===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | {{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | ||
Wuqūf at al-Mash'ar the third obligatory rites of [[Hajj]] and it means “staying at [[Mash'ar]]”.<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i | Wuqūf at al-Mash'ar the third obligatory rites of [[Hajj]] and it means “staying at [[Mash'ar]]”.<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rites, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al-AdHa]]) until sunrise.<ref>Qadi'skar, ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami'', P. 288.</ref> | ||
Reciting special Supplications,<ref>sadūq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref>dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles that are thrown to the [[Jamrat|Jamrat]] at [[Mina]] are also the mustaHabbs of staying at mash'ar. <ref> | Reciting special Supplications,<ref>sadūq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles that are thrown to the [[Jamrat|Jamrat]] at [[Mina]] are also the mustaHabbs of staying at mash'ar.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 63.</ref> | ||
===Mina rituals=== | ===Mina rituals=== | ||
{{main|Mina rituals}} | {{main|Mina rituals}} | ||
Hajj pilgrims should come out of Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ('Eid of al-AdHa). A Hadji in [[Tamattu' Hajj ]] must perform the rituals of Mina, which include three actions: “[[Ramy Jamrah 'Aqaba]]”, “[[Sacrifice]]” and “[[Halq and Taqsir]]”.<ref> | Hajj pilgrims should come out of Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ('Eid of al-AdHa). A Hadji in [[Tamattu' Hajj ]] must perform the rituals of Mina, which include three actions: “[[Ramy Jamrah 'Aqaba]]”, “[[Sacrifice]]” and “[[Halq and Taqsir]]”.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 65.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurists, observing the order of the above rituals is obligatory or obligatory Caution, and according to Hanbali and Shafi'i jurists, observing the order is mustahabb, and whoever does not observe it has no [[Kaffara]].<ref>Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 19; p. 250-251; Shahid al-Thani, ''Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya'', vol. 1, p. 525; YaHya, ''Rasa'il li-lHujjaj wa al-mu'tamirin'', P. 12-13.</ref> | According to Shia jurists, observing the order of the above rituals is obligatory or obligatory Caution, and according to Hanbali and Shafi'i jurists, observing the order is mustahabb, and whoever does not observe it has no [[Kaffara]].<ref>Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 19; p. 250-251; Shahid al-Thani, ''Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya'', vol. 1, p. 525; YaHya, ''Rasa'il li-lHujjaj wa al-mu'tamirin'', P. 12-13.</ref> | ||
====Ramy al-Jamreh al-'Aqaba==== | ====Ramy al-Jamreh al-'Aqaba==== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
On the day of 'Eid of al-AdHa, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a Hajj pilgrims to throw seven stones at the [[Jamrah al-Aqaba]] | On the day of 'Eid of al-AdHa, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a Hajj pilgrims to throw seven stones at the [[Jamrah al-Aqaba]] (the last Jamrah in Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 26.</ref> Throwing stones should be with the [[Qurba intention]] and hit gradually; So, if he hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence, when hadji doing ramy al-jamarh it is [[mustahabb]] to turn the back to the [[Qibla]].<ref> | According to Shia jurisprudence, when hadji doing ramy al-jamarh it is [[mustahabb]] to turn the back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbaliyya and Malikiya denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamrah al-Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-605; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 456; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533; Ibn Quddama, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal'', P. 1045-1046; Namiri al-qurṭubi, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina'', p. 502.</ref> | ||
====Sacrifice==== | ====Sacrifice==== | ||
{{main|sacrifice}} | {{main|sacrifice}} | ||
It is obligatory for the Hajj pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rituals of [[Hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref> | It is obligatory for the Hajj pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rituals of [[Hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> The time of sacrifice is after [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy al-Jamrah al-Aqaba]] and before [[Taqsir or Halq|Halq or Taqsir]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 68.</ref> Of course, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, the time of sacrifice is the day of [['Eid of al-AdHa]] and two days after it.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 587-588; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 252-258.</ref> | ||
The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal by hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref> | The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal by hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 69.</ref> | ||
According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[Hajj al-Tamattu']] it is obligatory for a Hajj pilgrim must make a sacrifice, regardless of whether he is [[Afaqi|afaqi]] or not; <ref>Hilli, ''TaHrir al-aHkam'', vol. 1, p. 619-620; Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', Vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> but a small number of Shia jurists<ref>Sarakhsi, ''Al-Mabsūṭ'', | According to the majority of Shia jurists, in [[Hajj al-Tamattu']] it is obligatory for a Hajj pilgrim must make a sacrifice, regardless of whether he is [[Afaqi|afaqi]] or not;<ref>Hilli, ''TaHrir al-aHkam'', vol. 1, p. 619-620; Hilli, ''Shara'i' al-Islam'', Vol. 1, p. 234.</ref> but a small number of Shia jurists<ref>Sarakhsi, ''Al-Mabsūṭ'', Vol. 1, p. 308.</ref> and Sunni jurists<ref>Mawūrdi, ''Al-Hawi al-kabir'', vol. 4, p. 50, Ibn Qudama, ''Al-Mughni'', vol. 3, p. 501-502; Baghdadi, ''Irshad al-salik'', vol. 1, p. 43.</ref> do not consider it obligatory for a Hajj pilgrim who is a Meccan to make a sacrifice. | ||
====Halq and Taqsir==== | ====Halq and Taqsir==== | ||
{{main|Halq or taqsir}} | {{main|Halq or taqsir}} | ||
“Halq” means shaving the hair of the head and “Taqsir” means cutting some hair and nails. <ref> | “Halq” means shaving the hair of the head and “Taqsir” means cutting some hair and nails.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 71.</ref> The time of this act is from sunrise to sunset on the day of Eid al-Adha and its place is [[Mina]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 72.</ref> for women and men who do not have hair on their head, it is obligatory to do the Taqsir{{enote|Of course, according to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is obligatory for men without hair to shave their heads. In the jurisprudence of other Sunni religions, this practice is considered recommended.(Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 454.)}}. A person who is in the first year of hir/her [[Hajj]] must do the Halq<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 71-72.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurists, Halq or taqsir should be done on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] as a Obligatory Caution or as a recommended Caution . Of course, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, it can be delayed from the days of NaHr{{enote|According to these three denominations, the days of Nahr are Eid al-Adha and two days after that.}}<ref>Shahid al-Thani, | According to Shia jurists, Halq or taqsir should be done on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] as a Obligatory Caution or as a recommended Caution . Of course, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, it can be delayed from the days of NaHr{{enote|According to these three denominations, the days of Nahr are Eid al-Adha and two days after that.}}<ref>Shahid al-Thani, Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya, vol. 1, p. 539-561; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', Vol. 1, p. 40.</ref> | ||
===Ṭawaf of hajj and its prayer=== | ===Ṭawaf of hajj and its prayer=== | ||
{{main|tawaf|Prayer of | {{main|tawaf|Prayer of tawaf}} | ||
tawaf is circling seven times around the [[Ka'ba]] in [[Masjid al-Haram]]. It is obligatory to start these seven rounds from the pillar of the Ka'ba where the [[Hajar al-'Aswad]] is located and end there. During tawaf, the Ka'ba should be on the left side.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | |||
According to the fatwa of most Shiite jurists, tawaf of | According to the fatwa of most Shiite jurists, tawaf of Ka'ba in Masjid al-Haram is valid as long as people do tawaf and say that they do tawaf Ka'ba.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
According to some other Shiite jurists, | According to some other Shiite jurists, tawaf should be within the distance between [[Ka'ba]] and [[Maqam-i Ibrahim]], which is about 13 meters. However, for the followers of these maraji', if tawaf is difficult or not possible in that area, and they cannot wait to perform tawaf in other time, there is no problem at a further distance.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 33-38.</ref> | ||
[[ | [[tawaf prayer]] is a obligatory prayer that has two-rak'at and should be recited after circumambulation of Ka'ba with the intention of tawaf prayer, behind the Maqam-i Ibrahim. This prayer is like morning prayer; But it does not have [[Adhan]] and [[Iqama]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
===Sa'y=== | ===Sa'y=== | ||
{{main|Sa'y}} | {{main|Sa'y}} | ||
Sa'y means walking the distance between the two mountains of [[safa|safa]] and [[Marwa|Marwa]] seven times. This action starts from Safa and ends at Marwa, that is, it is counted from Safa to Marwa the first time and from Marwa to Safa the second time.<ref> | Sa'y means walking the distance between the two mountains of [[safa|safa]] and [[Marwa|Marwa]] seven times. This action starts from Safa and ends at Marwa, that is, it is counted from Safa to Marwa the first time and from Marwa to Safa the second time.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
It is recommended for men to ride on a part of the path marked with | It is recommended for men to ride on a part of the path marked with a green line and light. Saying these dhikr, 'Allahu 'akbar; La ilaha illa'llah; Alhamdulillah and Subhanallah hundred times; is another mustahab of sa'y.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 41-44.</ref> | ||
===Ṭawaf al-Nisa' and its prayer=== | ===Ṭawaf al-Nisa' and its prayer=== | ||
{{main| | {{main|tawaf al-Nisa}} | ||
[[ | [[tawaf al-Nisa'|tawaf al-Nisa']] is seven rounds around [[Ka'ba]], which is done with the intention of tawaf al-Nisa. After tawaf of al-Nisa, its prayer should be recited behind [[Maqam-i Ibrahim]] . tawaf al-Nisa and its prayer are like tawaf and tawaf prayer (except for the intention); Therefore, it starts from [[Hajar al-'Aswad]] and ends there.<ref>Wizhianami-yi 'umra-yi mufradih: Wisal-i dūst, P.74-78; Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 80.</ref> | ||
Of course, Sunni jurists do not consider the | Of course, Sunni jurists do not consider the tawaf al-Nisa as obligatory and instead consider the [[Ṭawaf of Wida']] as one of the obligatory or recommended rituals.<ref>Shirazi, ''Al-Tanbih'', Vol. l, p. 80; Nawawi, ''Al-Majmū''', vol. 8, p. 265-266.</ref> | ||
===Beitūta=== | ===Beitūta=== | ||
{{main|Beitūta}} | {{main|Beitūta}} | ||
Beitūta means “to stay the night in a place”. It is obligatory for the hajj pilgrims to stay the 11th and 12th nights of Dhu l-Hijja from sunset to midnight with the [[qurba intention]] in [[Mina]]. Therefore, those who have gone to [[Mecca]] should return to Mina before sunset. According to the [[fatwa]] of some Shiite jurists, hajj pilgrims can spend the first or second half of the night in Mina.<ref> | Beitūta means “to stay the night in a place”. It is obligatory for the hajj pilgrims to stay the 11th and 12th nights of Dhu l-Hijja from sunset to midnight with the [[qurba intention]] in [[Mina]]. Therefore, those who have gone to [[Mecca]] should return to Mina before sunset. According to the [[fatwa]] of some Shiite jurists, hajj pilgrims can spend the first or second half of the night in Mina.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 74-75.</ref> Of course, according to Hanafi jurisprudence, it is [[Mustahabb]] and leaving it is [[Makruh]].<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> | ||
The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written “Bidaya Mina” (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written “Nahaye Mina” (the end of Mina).<ref> | The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written “Bidaya Mina” (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written “Nahaye Mina” (the end of Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do no other work except for the necessary work, it is not obligatory for them to do Beitūta. <ref> | According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do no other work except for the necessary work, it is not obligatory for them to do Beitūta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave Beitūta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref>For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave Beitūta.<ref> | According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave Beitūta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave Beitūta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ===Ramy al-Jamrat=== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the jamarat is another obligatory rites of [[Hajj]].<ref> | Ramy al-Jamrat is throwing stones at the jamarat is another obligatory rites of [[Hajj]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 76.</ref> At the end of Mina, there are three stones, the first one is called “[[Jamara al-'ūla]]”, the second one is “[[Jamara al-Wusṭa]]” and the third one is “[[Jamara al-Kubra]] or [['Aqaba]]”.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | Some of the rules and obligations of Ramy are as follows: | ||
| Line 98: | Line 99: | ||
*The stone should hit the jamarah. | *The stone should hit the jamarah. | ||
*It hits the jamarah by throwing it, Therefore, it is not enough if it hits a stone by hitting a place or by hitting other people's stones. | *It hits the jamarah by throwing it, Therefore, it is not enough if it hits a stone by hitting a place or by hitting other people's stones. | ||
*Hajj pilgrim should hit jamarah gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref> | *Hajj pilgrim should hit jamarah gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-madhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | ||
It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-'ūla and al-Wusṭa jamrah facing the [[Qibla]] and throwing jamarah al-'Aqaba back to the Qibla.<ref> | It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-'ūla and al-Wusṭa jamrah facing the [[Qibla]] and throwing jamarah al-'Aqaba back to the Qibla.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and throw Jamrats on the 13th day as well.<ref> | Hajj Pilgrims can leave [[Mina]] on the twelfth day of Dhu l-Hijja, after noon; However, if someone does not leave Mina on that day until the sun sets, he should stay the 13th night there as well, and throw Jamrats on the 13th day as well.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
| Line 111: | Line 112: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
*Baghdadi, 'Abd al-RaHman b. MuHammad al-. ''Irshad al-salik 'ila 'ashraf | *Baghdadi, 'Abd al-RaHman b. MuHammad al-. ''Irshad al-salik 'ila 'ashraf al-Masalik''. cairo: Maktaba wa Maṭba'a Musṭafa al-Babi al-Halabi wa Shuraka, [n.d]. | ||
* | *Fallahzada, MuHammad Husayn. ''Darsnama-yi manasik Hajj''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1389 sh. | ||
*Fayd al-Kashani, MuHsin. ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda' fi tahdhib al-'aHya'''. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-A'lami li-l-Maṭbū'at, 1403 AH. | *Fayd al-Kashani, MuHsin. ''Al-MaHjat al-bayda' fi tahdhib al-'aHya'''. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-A'lami li-l-Maṭbū'at, 1403 AH. | ||
*Fikri, Mas'ūd; 'Ala'i, AHmad. ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i | *Fikri, Mas'ūd; 'Ala'i, AHmad. ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1393 sh. | ||
*Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''TaHrir al-aHkam al-shar'iyya 'ala madhhab al-imamiyya''. Edited by Ibrahim Bahaduri. Qom: Mu'assisat Imam al-sadiq, 1420 AH. | *Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''TaHrir al-aHkam al-shar'iyya 'ala madhhab al-imamiyya''. Edited by Ibrahim Bahaduri. Qom: Mu'assisat Imam al-sadiq, 1420 AH. | ||
*Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha'''. Qom: Mu'assisat al al-Bayt, 1414 AH. | *Hilli, al-Hasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha'''. Qom: Mu'assisat al al-Bayt, 1414 AH. | ||
| Line 131: | Line 132: | ||
*Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | *Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | ||
*Najafi, MuHammad Hasan al-. ''Jawahir al-kalam fi sharH shara'i' al-Islam''. Qom: Mu'assisat Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, 1421 AH. | *Najafi, MuHammad Hasan al-. ''Jawahir al-kalam fi sharH shara'i' al-Islam''. Qom: Mu'assisat Da'irat al-Ma'arif al-Fiqh al-Islami, 1421 AH. | ||
*Namiri al-qurṭubi, Yūsuf | *Namiri al-qurṭubi, Yūsuf b. 'Abd Allah al- .''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina(al-fiqh al- maliki)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
*Nawawi, YaHya b. Sharaf. ''Al-Majmū'; sharH al-muhadhdhab''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, [n.d]. | *Nawawi, YaHya b. Sharaf. ''Al-Majmū'; sharH al-muhadhdhab''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, [n.d]. | ||
*Pishih fard, Musṭafa Ja'far .''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin''. Tehran: Bi'tha Maqam | *Pishih fard, Musṭafa Ja'far .''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin''. Tehran: Bi'tha Maqam Mu'aẓẓam Rahbari, Deputy of Clergy Affairs, 1388 sh. | ||
*Qadi'skar, 'Ali. ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh. | *Qadi'skar, 'Ali. ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1384 sh. | ||
*sadūq, MuHammad b. 'Ali al-. ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih''. Edited by 'Ali Akbar Ghaffari. Qom: Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islami, 1413 AH. | *sadūq, MuHammad b. 'Ali al-. ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih''. Edited by 'Ali Akbar Ghaffari. Qom: Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islami, 1413 AH. | ||
*Sarakhsi, MuHammad b. | *Sarakhsi, MuHammad b. AHmad b. Sahl al-. ''Al-Mabsūṭ''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, 1414 AH. | ||
*Sabiq al-Sayyid al-. ''Fiqh al-sunna''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr 1419, AH. | *Sabiq al-Sayyid al-. ''Fiqh al-sunna''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr 1419, AH. | ||
*Shahid al-Thani, Zayn al-Din b. 'Ali. ''Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya''. Qom: Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, [n.d]. | *Shahid al-Thani, Zayn al-Din b. 'Ali. ''Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya''. Qom: Majma' al-Fikr al-Islami, [n.d]. | ||