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| ==Types== | | ==Types== |
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| For every kind of hajj, that is, hajjat al-Islam and hajj on behalf there are rulings and conditions.
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| Obligatory hajj is further classified into three forms: | | Obligatory hajj is further classified into three forms: |
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| *Al-Tamattu': is obligatory for a person whose homeland is located at a distance more than 90 km from the holy city of Mecca | | *[[Hajj al-tamattu']]: is obligatory for a person whose homeland is located at a distance more than 90 km from the holy city of Mecca (see: [[Afaqi]]) |
| *Al-Ifrad, | | *[[Hajj al-ifrad]], |
| *Al-Qiran. | | *[[Hajj al-qiran]]. |
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| Hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran are obligatory for people who reside within the holy city of Mecca or those who are settled at a distance less than the aforementioned one. | | Hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran are obligatory for people who reside within the holy city of Mecca or those who are settled at a distance less than the aforementioned one. |
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| ===Hajj al-Tamattu'=== | | ===Hajj al-Tamattu'=== |
| Hajj al-tamattu' differs from hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran with regard to rituals.
| | {{main|Hajj al-Tamattu'}} |
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| The basic feature that distinguishes hajj al-tamattu' from hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran is 'umra. Hajj al-tamattu' comprises two parts: 'umra and hajj. It starts with 'umra. A gap exists between 'umra and hajj during which the pilgrim comes out of [[ihram]] state and is allowed to [[al-tamattu']] (literally enjoy) things which are prohibited for a muhrim (a person who is in state of ihram). Both 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj al-tamattu' should be performed in the same year.
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| Hajj al-ifrad and al-qiran comprise only hajj rituals, and 'umra in these cases is considered an independent worship termed as 'umra al-mufrada. So, a person may perform 'umra al-mufrada in one year and hajj al-ifrad/al-qiran in another year.
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| 'Umra al-tamattu' and al-'umra al-mufrada have common rites and differences.
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| Similar to hajj, 'umra is sometimes obligatory and other times it is mustahabb.
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| In Islamic jurisprudential rulings, 'umra is obligatory once in life. If a person fulfills the required conditions of 'umra, he should perform it. Like hajj, it is obligatory for those who are mustati' to perform 'umra as soon as possible. For those who reside in Mecca or its vicinity (not further than ninety km from Mecca), being mustati' for hajj is separable from being mustati' for 'umra. Therefore, if a person is mustati' only for one of them, he should perform it as soon as possible.
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| It is noteworthy to mention here that this rule is specific only for those who live in the holy city of Mecca or reside at a distance of less than ninety kilometers from the holy city of Mecca. With regard to the people living far from Mecca and their duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu', ability and qualification for hajj and 'umra is not separate from each other because hajj al-tamattu' includes 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj and both of them should be performed in the same year.
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| It is not lawful for a person intending to perform hajj or 'umra to enter the Holy City of Mecca without ihram. And if he wants to enter in the Holy city of Mecca in days other than hajj season, it is obligatory for him to enter the Holy City with ihram of al-'umra al-mufrada. However, the following two groups are exempted from this commandment:
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| *Those who frequently visit the holy city of Mecca for job/occupational purposes.
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| *Those who have exited the Holy city of Mecca after performing the rites and acts of hajj/'umra and want to re-enter the holy city of Mecca during the same [lunar] month.
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| The repetition of 'umra is recommended similar to repetition of hajj and there lies no particular gap limit between two 'umras. But, on cautionary terms one can perform only one 'umra for himself within a month. If he performs two 'umras on behalf of others or he performs one 'umra for himself and the second for another person, this caution is not necessary. Therefore, if he performs the second 'umra on behalf of another person, it is permissible for him to receive the wages of performing 'umra and 'umra al-mufrada will be sufficient for the performer whether it is obligatory or not.
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| Hajj al-tamattu' includes two acts: 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj al-tamattu', the two acts are essentially just one act but because there is permission to go out of ihram in between, they are considered two. 'Umra al-tamattu' is prior to hajj al-tamattu' and both these acts have specific deeds which are discussed below.
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| The deeds of 'umra al-tamattu':
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| #Wearing [[ihram]] (hajj dress) from a [[miqat]];
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| #[[Tawaf]] around the Holy [[Ka'ba]];
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| #[[Prayer of tawaf]];
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| #[[Sa'y]] (to walk) between the mountains of [[Safa]] and [[Marwa]];
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| #[[Taqsir]] (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail)
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| The deeds of hajj al-tamattu' are mentioned below:
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| #Ihram (wearing dress of hajj) in the holy city of Mecca;
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| #[[Wuquf at 'Arafat|Wuqūf (staying) in 'Arafat]] from the noon of the ninth of Dhu l-Hijja to sunset;
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| #[[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar al-Haram|Wuqūf (staying) in al-Mash'ar al-Haram]] on the night before the tenth of Dhu l-Hijja to sunrise;
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| #Stoning at [[al-Jamara al-ʿAqaba]] on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] (the tenth of Dhu l-Hijja);
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| #Slaughtering animal;
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| #Shaving head or taqsir (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail);
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| #[[Tawaf]] around the Holy Ka'ba;
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| #Prayer of tawaf ;
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| #Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safa and Marwa;
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| #Tawaf of nisa' (women);
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| #Prayer of tawaf of nisa';
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| #To stay awake during the night before the eleventh in [[Mina]];
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| #Stoning three jamaras on the eleventh of Dhu l-Hijja;
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| #To stay awake during the night before the twelfth in Mina;
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| #Stoning three jamaras on the twelfth of Dhu l-Hijja.
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| Hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-tamattu' are similar in terms of rituals and acts of worship except for one major difference of animal slaughtering. It is mandatory in hajj al-tamattu' whereas it is a recommended act in hajj al-ifrad. | |
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| 'Umra al-mufrada is similar to 'umra al-tamattu' except for the following differences:
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| #The rituals of 'umra al-tamattu' comprise taqsir as obligatory act; whereas in 'umra al-mufrada, it is optional for the men, i.e. either he can have his head shaved or perform taqsir. The rulings for the women are that they should perform taqsir in both 'umra al-mufrada and 'umra al-tamattu'.
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| #In 'umra al-tamattu, tawaf of nisa' and its prayer are not obligatory. However on the basis of caution, one should perform both of them before taqsir with the intention of raja' (hope of being desired by Allah). In 'umra al-mufrada, tawaf of nisa' and its prayer are obligatory.
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| #'Umra al-tamattu' should be performed during the months of hajj: Shawwal, Dhu l-Qa'da or Dhu l-Hijja; whereas 'umra al-mufrada can be performed any time during the year.
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| #There are five miqats (the place where the dress for hajj or 'umra is worn) for 'umra al-tamattu'. miqat for 'umra al-mufrada varies with distance from Mecca. People residing in Mecca have adana al-hill as miqat whereas people living out of Mecca are obliged to wear ihram from one of the five miqats nearest to them.
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| Hajj al-qiran differs from hajj al-ifrad mainly in two aspects: animal slaughtering and becoming muhrim. During hajj al-qiran, the animal for slaughtering should accompany the person wearing ihram, thereby animal slaughtering is obligatory for him.
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| Likewise, in the hajj al-qiran, ihram is carried out by saying "Labbayk" (specific slogan of hajj) or by [[ish'ar]] or [[taqlid]] but in hajj al-ifrad, ihram is materialized only by saying Labbayk.
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| For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows: | | For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows: |