Muzdalifa (means: approaching) is the name of a place near Mecca where pilgrims must have wuquf after the night journey from Arafat. The reason for this name is that people enter this area at night. Another name of this place is "Jamʿ"(means: gathering). Because pilgrims gather there. This point is the same Mashʿar al-Haram mentioned in the Qur'an.
Muzdalifa, with an area of about 9.63 square kilometers, is located between Mina and 'Arafat, which is limited to Wadi al-Maʾzamayn and al-Hiyaz. Standing in Muzdalifa on the 10th night of Dhu l-Hijja is one of the obligations of Hajj.
Meaning
Muzdalifa is the active noun from "Izdilaf(ازدلاف)" which means to approach; The arabic phrase "Izdalaf Al-Qawm(ازدلف القوم)"; That is, when he made the people close. "Izdilaf(ازدلاف)" also means gathering, because people gather there.[1]
Among the other names of Muzdalifa are Jamʿ(means: gathering)[2], Quzah[3] and Mashʿar al-Haram[4]. It has been said that applying the name of Mashʿar to Muzdalifa is virtual, which means that Muzdalifa is actually a part of the land of Mashʿar and within its boundaries; But it is also called Mashʿar.[5]
Location
Muzdalifa is located between Mina and 'Arafat, and Wadi al-Mohassir(Arabc: وادی محَسِّر) is located between Mina and Muzdalifa.[6] The distance between Muzdalifa and 'Arafat is 6 km, and its distance from the southeast of Masjid al-Haram is 8 km. The area of this region is about 9.63 square kilometers.
This area is limited on one side to "Maʾzamayn(مأزَمَین)" valley and on the other side to "wadi al-Muhassir" and "Hiyyad". By passing through Wadi Maʾzamayn, Haji reaches Muzdalifa or the land of Mashʿar al-Haram.[7]
Rulings
Waqf (means:standing) in Muzdalifa is obligatory on the 10th night of Dhu-l Hijja and one of basic principles of Hajj according to all Islamic schools of thought; But there is a difference of opinion in the amount and the time of Wuquf(standing).[8]
Shia's view
The Shia jurists are mostly of the opinion that the Hajji reached Masha'ar at any hour from the 10th of the night, until dawn with the intention of obeying God and staying there, then from dawn to sunrise with the pure intention of hypocrisy and showing off, he should make a wuquf and It is recommended to move towards Mina a little before sunrise, but don't cross Wadi Muhassir until the sun rises.[9]
Sunni's view
Abu Hanifah mentions the time of wuquf from dawn to sunrise, and Malik believes that it is sufficient for a pilgrim to make a wuquf any time during the night of Eid al-Adha and before dawn. According to Shafi'i, standing at any moment after midnight of Eid al-Adha is sufficient.[10]
boundaries
The length of Muzdalifa is 3,812 meters from the beginning of Mazamin (gorge between Muzdalifa and ʿArafa) to the beginning of Wadi Muhassir.[11] It is 20,507 cubits from the wall of the Bani Shayba Gate next to Masjid al-Haram to the border of Muzdalifa from the Mina side.[12] The boundaries of Muzdalifa are marked with large signs, and with the words "the beginning of Muzdalifa(Arabic: بداية مزدلفه)" or "the end of Muzdalifa(Arabic: نهاية مزدلفه)", you can know its limits.
Notes
- ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn, vol. 5, p. 68.
- ↑ Ṭurayḥī, Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn, vol. 2, p. 186.
- ↑ Niʿmatī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 86.
- ↑ Niʿmatī, Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn, p. 204.
- ↑ Al-Jawāhirī, حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منیThe boundaries of ʿArafat, Muzdalifa, Mina, p. 157-158.
- ↑ ʿAṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra, p. 204.
- ↑ Murwārīd, Yanābīʿ al-fighīyya, vol. 7, p. 198.
- ↑ Qāḍī ʿAskar, Ḥajj dar andīsha-yi islāmī, p. 288; Fallāḥzāda, Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj, p. 62; ʿAṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra, p. 252.
- ↑ Fallāḥzāda, Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj, p. 62.
- ↑ ʿAṭṭār, Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra, p. 252.
- ↑ Ṣabrī Pāshā, Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, vol. 1, p. 341.
- ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 505, 507.
References
- Al-Jawāhirī, Ḥasan Muḥammad Taqī. حدود عرفات، مزدلفة، منی (Translation: The boundaries of ʿArafat, Muzdalifa, Mina). Miqāt al-ḥajj magazine, 1415 AH.
- ʿAṭṭār, Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Qafūr. Qāmūs al-ḥaj wa al-ʿUmra. Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm li-l-Malāyyīn, 1979.
- Fallāḥzāda, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. Darsnāma-yi manāsik-i Ḥajj. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 sh.
- Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
- Murwārīd,ʿAlī Aṣghar. Yanābīʿ al-fighīyya. Beirut:[n.p], 1410 AH.
- Niʿmatī, Muḥammad Riḍā.Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn al-sharīfayn. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1418 AH.
- Qāḍīʿskar, ʿAlī. Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1384 sh.
- Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn. Translated by ʿAbd al-Rasūl Munshī. Tehran: Markaz-i Pazhūhishī Mīrāth-i Maktūb, 1382 sh.
- Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn b. Muḥammad al-. Majmaʿ al-baḥrayn. Edited by Sayyid Aḥmad Ḥusaynī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-Murtaḍawīyya, 1375 Sh.