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Hajj of the Prophets is the report of the Islamic narratives of performing hajj of the  Prophets from Adam to Muhammad (pbuh).According to some hadiths, all the prophets have performed Hajj and some of them have been specially clarified to perform Hajj. According to Islamic traditions, prophet Adam first built the Kaaba and performed Hajj with the help of Gabriel, and the other prophets performed Hajj after him. The Kaaba was destroyed by the flood of Noah, but the prophets after Noah used to perform Hajj without knowing the exact location of the Kaaba until Prophet Abraham rebuilt the Kaaba. Moses, Jesus, solomon, David, Khidr, Jonah and Elijah are among the prophets whose presence in Mecca for Hajj is mentioned in Islamic narratives.
'''Hajj of the Prophets''' is the report of the Islamic sources of the prophets from [[Adam]] to [[Muhammad (s)]] performing [[hajj]]. According to some hadiths, all the prophets have performed hajj and some have been named to have performed hajj. According to Islamic traditions, the prophet Adam first built the [[Ka'ba]] and performed hajj with the help of [[Gabriel]], and the other prophets performed hajj after him. The flood of Noah destroyed the Ka'ba, but the prophets after [[Noah]] used to perform hajj without knowing the exact location of the Ka'ba until the prophet [[Abraham]] rebuilt the Ka'ba. [[Moses]], [[Jesus]], [[Solomon]], [[David]], [[Khidr]], [[Jonah]] and [[Elijah]] are among the prophets whose presence in [[Mecca]] for hajj is mentioned in Islamic narrations.


== The place in narrations ==
== Place ==
Performng hajj  of the Prophets has been mentioned in numerous traditions in Islamic sources; In some collective narrative books, there is a chapter which is collected hadiths under the title "Hajj al-Anbiya".<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212; </ref> Some of these hadiths<ref>ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 1, p. 60, 186.</ref> are below the verse that introduced the Kaaba as the first house on earth {{note| إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکهَ}}<ref>Qurʾān,3:96.</ref>. ] and another, under the verse that considers the Kaaba as ﴾Al-Bayt al-Atiq﴾[Note 2]<ref>Qurʾān,22:34</ref>. <ref>Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 399, Ṭūsī, Al-Khilāf, vol. 6, p. 58.</ref>Also, some hadiths under the verse( و لکل امه جعلنا منسکا), [Note 3] have considered Hajj rituals as one of the obligatory rituals for all nations.<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 7, p. 134; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 12, p. 58.</ref>
Hajj of the Prophets has been mentioned in numerous traditions in Islamic sources. In some hadith books, there is a chapter which is collected hadiths under the title "hajj al-anbiya".<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212; </ref> Some of these hadiths<ref>'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 1, p. 60, 186.</ref> are under the verse that introduced the [[Ka'ba]] as the first house on earth{{enote|إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکهَ: Indeed the first house to be set up for mankind is the one at Bakkah. (Quran 3:96)}} and the verse that considers the Ka'ba as {{ia|الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ}}, the ancient house.<ref>Qur'an,22:34</ref><ref>Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 399, Ṭūsī, Al-Khilaf, vol. 6, p. 58.</ref> Also, some hadiths under the verse {{ia|و لکل امه جعلنا منسکا}}, "For every nation We have appointed a rite", have considered [[hajj]] rites as one of the obligatory rituals for all nations.<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayan, vol. 7, p. 134; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 12, p. 58.</ref>


== Narratives about the Hajj of the Prophets ==
== Narrations ==


=== Adam and Seth ===
=== Adam and Seth ===
According to Islamic narrations, after Adam was transferred to the earth, he was commissioned by God to build the Kaaba and hold the Hajj ceremony.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 34-36; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 235; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 13, p. 332.</ref> It has been narrated about the hajj of Adam that After Adam's exit from the heaven,  he descended on the Safa mountain, then Gabriel taught him the rites of Hajj, and Adam performed all Hajj rituals, including Tawaf, Ramy al-Jamarāt, Make a sacrifice, Al-Ḥalq, Saʿy and Tawaf Al-Nisa.<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 190-191; Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 400.</ref> Some narrations have reported about 700 Hajj and 300 Umrah of Adam on his foot. <ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 229.</ref> After Adam (AS), his son the propht  Seth (AS) rebuilt the Kaaba and performed Hajj Al-ʿUmra al-Mufrada. <ref>Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; ʿAynī,''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> The Hajj ceremony continued after Adam among his children<ref>Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; ʿAynī,''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> and the prophets After him, paid special attention to performing Hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 51,68-69, 72-74; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 2, p. 130; Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Subul al-hudā, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>
According to Islamic narrations, after the fall of Adam to the earth, he was commissioned by God to build the Ka'ba and hold the hajj ceremony.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 34-36; Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 235; Hurr al-'amilī,''Wasa'il al-Shī'a'', vol. 13, p. 332.</ref> It is narrated about the hajj of Adam that after Adam's exile from heaven, he descended on the [[Mount Safa]], then [[Gabriel]] taught him the rites of hajj, and Adam performed all hajj rituals, including [[tawaf]], [[ramy al-jamarat]], [[sacrifice]], [[halq]], [[Sa'y]] and [[tawaf al-nisa']].<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 190-191; Ṣadūq,' Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 400.</ref> Some narrations have reported 700 hajj and 300 umra of Adam on foot.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 229.</ref> After Adam, his son the prophet Seth rebuilt the Ka'ba and performed [[al-'umra al-mufrada]].<ref>Ṭabarī,''Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; 'Aynī,'''Umdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥar al-anwar'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> Performing [[hajj]] continued after Adam among his children<ref>Ṭabarī,'' Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; 'Aynī,'''Umdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥar al-anwar'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> and they paid special attention to performing hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 51,68-69, 72-74; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 2, p. 130; Ṣaliḥī Shamī, Subul al-huda, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>


=== Noah ===
=== Noah ===
Prophet Noah performed Hajj before the flood<ref>Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasāʾil, vol. 8, p. 9; Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> and during the storm, he was assigned to circumambulate his passengers around the Kaaba and take them to Mina. On the way back, this ship circumambulated the Kaaba again, and the ship's passengers tried to travel between Safa and Marwah.<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212-213; ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 2, p. 149; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 230.</ref>
Prophet Noah performed hajj before the flood<ref>Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasa'il, vol. 8, p. 9; Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> and during the storm, he was assigned to [[Tawaf|circumambulate]] his passengers around the [[Ka'ba]] and take them to [[Mina]]. On the way back, this ship circumambulated the Ka'ba again, and the ship's passengers did sa'y between Safa and Marwa while on the ship.<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212-213; 'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 2, p. 149; Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 230.</ref>


=== Abraham and Ishmael ===
=== Abraham and Ishmael ===
According to some reports, the Kaaba disappeared in the storm of Noah. Prophets used to perform Hajj without knowing the exact location of the Kaaba<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 38; Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyān, vol. 1, p. 436; Haythamī, 'Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 3, p. 288.</ref> until Prophet Abraham was commissioned to rebuild the Kaaba and revive the ritual of Hajj.<ref>Qurʾān,22:26; Qurʾān,2:127-128.</ref> After the reconstruction of the Kaaba, he asked God to represent the Hajj rituals to him [Note 4]<ref>Qurʾān,2:128.</ref> Gabriel came to him and taught him the rituals of Hajj one by one<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 205; Bayhaqī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', vol. 5, p. 145.</ref> and after the command to call people to perform Hajj,<ref>Qurʾān,22:27.</ref> Abraham  stood up on a high place [Note 5] and loudly called the people to performing  Hajj<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 7, p. 128-129; Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2487.</ref> and he and his son Ishmael (a.s.) and a group of Jarhamites performed Hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 66-72; Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 260-262; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 8.</ref> After that, Hajj as a sacred tradition with special actions continued by the other Prophets and their followers<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 68; Dar rāh-i Barpāei-h hajj-i Ibrāhīmī, p. 200.</ref>
According to some reports, the Ka'ba disappeared in the storm of Noah. Prophets used to perform hajj without knowing the exact location of the Ka'ba<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 38; Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyan, vol. 1, p. 436; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 288.</ref> until Prophet Abraham was commissioned to rebuild the [[Ka'ba]] and revive the ritual of hajj.<ref>Qur'an,22:26; Qur'an,2:127-128.</ref> After the reconstruction of the Ka'ba, he asked God to represent the hajj rituals to him{{enote|وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا and show us our holy rites.}} <ref>Qur'an,2:128.</ref> Gabriel came to him and taught him the rituals of hajj one by one<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 205; Bayhaqī, ''Sunan al-kubra'', vol. 5, p. 145.</ref> and after the command to call people to perform hajj,<ref>Qur'an,22:27.</ref> Abraham  stood up on a high place{{enote| On Mount Abū Qubays, or the stone that later became known as [[Maqam Ibrahīm]].}} and loudly called the people to performing  hajj<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayan, vol. 7, p. 128-129; Ibn Abī l-Hatam, ''Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-'aẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2487.</ref> and he and his son Ishmael and a group of Jarhamites performed hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 66-72; Ṭabarī,''Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 260-262; Hurr al-'amilī,''Wasa'il al-Shī'a'', vol. 11, p. 8.</ref> After that, hajj as a sacred tradition with special actions continued by the other Prophets and their followers<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 68; Dar rah-i Barpaei-h hajj-i Ibrahīmī, p. 200.</ref>


=== Moses ===
=== Moses ===
After Abraham and Ishmael, other prophets performed Hajj as it is narrated that Prophet Musa along with 70 prophets for performing Hajj on a red-haired camel after passing through the area of "Safah al-Ruha" while speaking “labbayk ya karim labbayk”  and Putting on Ihram.<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 213-214; ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 1, p. 186; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 234-235.</ref> In a tradition, Ibn Abbas has narrated from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that 70 prophets, including Moses, came to Mina and prayed in Al-Khaif Mosque.<ref>Ṭabarānī, ''Al-Muʿjam al-kabīr'', vol. 11, p. 358; Haythamī, 'Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 3, p. 221; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-ʿummāl'', vol. 12, p. 228.</ref>
After Abraham and Ishmael, other prophets performed hajj as it is narrated that Prophet Moses along with 70 prophets for performing hajj on a red-haired camel after passing through the area of "[[Safaḥ al-Ruḥa]]" while speaking “labbayk ya karīm labbayk”  and Putting on [[Ihram|Ihram]].<ref>Kulaynī, Al-Kafī, vol. 4 p. 213-214; 'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 1, p. 186; Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 234-235.</ref> In a tradition, [[Ibn'Abbas]] has narrated from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that 70 prophets, including Moses, came to [[Mina|Mina]] and prayed in [[Al-Khaif Mosque]].<ref>Ṭabaranī, ''Al-Mu'jam al-kabīr'', vol. 11, p. 358; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 221; Muttaqī Hindī, ''Kanz al-'ummal'', vol. 12, p. 228.</ref>


=== Other Prophets ===
=== Other Prophets ===
According to some narrations, Jesus started the Hajj or Umrah by saying "Labyk Abduk ibn Amtek Labyk".<ref>Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, vol. 2, p. 240; Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 419.</ref>David also prayed in Arafat when he saw the huge wave of pilgrims<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 214; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Kitāb al-Wāfī'', vol. 12, p. 162-163.</ref>. prophet Solomon performed Hajj together with humans, elves and birds and covered the Kaaba with Egyptian cloth. <ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 213; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Kitāb al-Wāfī'', vol. 12, p. 162-163.</ref> According to other traditions, Jonah recited the talbiya "Labyka kashafa al-korab al-azim labyk", and Khidr and Elijah perform Hajj every year in the appointed season.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 234-235; Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', p. 390-391; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 14, p. 387, vol . 96, p. 185.</ref> In some traditions, performing the hajj of Hud (AS) and Saleh (AS) is also mentioned. <ref>Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr,  ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 3, p. 220.</ref>
According to some narrations, Jesus started the [[hajj]] or [['Umrah]] by saying "Labbayk Abduk ibn Amatik Labbayk".<ref>Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 2, p. 240; Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 419.</ref>David also prayed in [['Arafat]] when he saw the huge wave of pilgrims<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 214; Fayḍ al-Kashanī, ''Kitab al-Wafī'', vol. 12, p. 162-163.</ref>. prophet Solomon performed hajj together with humans, elves and birds and covered the Ka'ba with Egyptian cloth. <ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 213; Fayḍ al-Kashanī, ''Kitab al-Wafī'', vol. 12, p. 162-163.</ref> According to other traditions, Jonah recited the [[Talbīya]] "Labbayk kashshaf al-kurab al-'aẓīm labbayk", and Khidr and Elijah perform hajj every year in the appointed season.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 234-235; Ṣadūq, ''Kamal al-dīn'', p. 390-391; Majlisī, ''Biḥar al-anwar'', vol. 14, p. 387, vol . 96, p. 185.</ref> In some traditions, performing the hajj of Hud and Saleh is also mentioned. <ref>Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr,  ''Al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya'', vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 220.</ref>


=== Muhammad(PBUH) ===
=== Muhammad(PBUH) ===
With the rise of Islam, the Hajj ritual was legislated as one of the religious obligations for Muslims, and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed the Hajj ritual. According to some narrations, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed 20 Hajj and three separate Umrahs, all of which took place in the month of Dhu al-Qada.<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 251-252; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 238; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 5, p.443.</ref> His only Hajj after the Hijrah was performed in the 10th year of the Hijri along with a hundred thousand Muslims and was known as the Farewell Hajj( Hajj al-Wada).<ref>Nawawī, ''Al-Majmūʿ'', vol. 7, p. 104; Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 1, p. 266.</ref>
With the rise of [[Islam]], the hajj ritual was legislated as one of the religious obligations for Muslims, and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed the hajj ritual. According to some narrations, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed 20 hajj and three separate 'Umrahs, all of which took place in the month of [[Dhu al-Qa'da]].<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 251-252; Ṣadūq, ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 238; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkam'', vol. 5, p.443.</ref> His only hajj after the Hijrah was performed in the 10th year of the Hijri along with a hundred thousand Muslims and was known as the Farewell hajj([[Hajjat al-Wada']] means The last hajj).<ref>Nawawī, ''Al-Majmū''', vol. 7, p. 104; Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 1, p. 266.</ref>


==Hajj of all the prophets in hadiths without mentioning their names==
==hajj of all the prophets in hadiths without mentioning their names==


Some hadiths have reported about the Hajj of the Prophets without mentioning their names. According to some reports, all the prophets except Hud and Saleh did not succeed in performing Hajj because they were engaged in preaching. The rest of them performed Hajj.<ref>Ibn Isḥāq, ''Al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', vol. 2, p, 73; Bayhaqī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', vol. 5, p. 177; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 272.</ref> But this view is considered weak.<ref>Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Subul al-hudā, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref> In addition, in some hadiths, Hud and Saleh have been explicitly mentioned <ref>Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Ḥanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 3, p. 220. .</ref> and it has even been said that They died in Mecca and were buried near the Kaaba.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 68</ref> Therefore, all the prophets performed Hajj. Some narrations quoted from Shia imams also confirm this point of view;<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿUyūn akhbār al-Riḍā'', vol. 2, p. 127; Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 1, p. 274.</ref> as Imam Ali (a.s.) has said in a speech that the Kaaba is the place of many prophets from Adam to the end of the world.<ref>Sayyid Raḍī, ''Nahj al-balāgha'', kh. 192.</ref>
Some hadiths have reported about the hajj of the Prophets without mentioning their names. According to some reports, all the prophets except Hud and Saleh did not succeed in performing hajj because they were engaged in preaching. The rest of them performed [[hajj]].<ref>Ibn Isḥaq, ''Al-Sīyar wa al-maghazī'', vol. 2, p, 73; Bayhaqī, ''Sunan al-kubra'', vol. 5, p. 177; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 272.</ref> But this view is considered weak.<ref>Ṣaliḥī Shamī, Subul al-huda, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref> In addition, in some hadiths, Hud and Saleh have been explicitly mentioned <ref>Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya'', vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 220. .</ref> and it has even been said that They died in [[Mecca]] and were buried near the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbar-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 68</ref> Therefore, all the prophets performed hajj. Some narrations quoted from Shia imams also confirm this point of view;<ref>Ṣadūq, '''Uyūn akhbar al-Riḍa'', vol. 2, p. 127; Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 1, p. 274.</ref> as [[Imam Ali]](a.s) has said in a speech that the Ka'ba is the place of many prophets from Adam to the end of the world.<ref>Sayyid Raḍī, ''Nahj al-balagha'', kh. 192.</ref>


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
{{Notes}}


== References ==
== References ==
{{ref}}
*Aḥmad b. Hanbal. ''Musnad al-Imam Aḥmad b. Hanbal''. Istanbul: 1402 AH/1982.
*'Amīd zanjanī, 'Abbas'alī. ''Dar Rah-i Barpaeie hajj-i Ibrahīmī''. Tehran: Intisharat-i Mash'ar.
*Amīnī, 'Abd al-Husayn. Al-Ghadīr fī al-kitab wa al-sunna wa al-'adab. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabī, 1397/1977.
*'Ayyashī, Muḥammad b. Mas'ūd al-. ''Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallatī. Tehran: al-Maktaba al-'Ilmiyya al-Islamiyya, 1380 Sh.
*'Aynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. '''Umdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukharī''. Edited by 'Abd Allah Maḥmūd Muḥammad 'Umar. Beirut: 1421 AH.
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fīha min al-athar''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣaliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
*Bayhaqī, Husayn. ''Sunan al-kubra''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
*Fayḍ al-Kashanī, Muḥsin. ''Kitab al-Wafī''. Edited by Ḍīya' al-Dīn 'Allama Iṣfahanī. Isfahan: 1365-1374 Sh.
*Haythamī, 'Alī b. Abūbakr. ''Majma' al-zawa'id wa manba' al-fawa'id''. Beirut: 1402 AH.
*Hurr al-'amilī, Muḥammad b. al-Hasan al-. ''Wasa'il al-Shī'a''. Edited by 'Abd al-Raḥīm Rabbanī Shīrazī. fifth edition. Beirut: Dar Iḥya' al-Turath al-'Arabī, 1403 AH-1983.
*Ibn Abī l-Hatam, 'Abd al-Raḥman b. Muḥammad. ''Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-'aẓīm''. Edited by As'ad Muḥammad al-Ṭayyib. Third edition. Riyadh: Maktabat Nazar Muṣṭafa al-Baz, 1419 AH.
*Ibn Isḥaq, Muḥammad. ''Al-Sīyar wa al-maghazī''. Edited by Suhayl Zakar. Beirut: 1398 AH.
*Ibn Kathīr, Isma'īl b. 'Umar. ''Al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya''. Edited by 'Alī Shīrī. Beirut: Dar Iḥya' al-Turath al-'Arabī, 1408 AH.
*Ibn Kathīr, Isma'īl b. 'Umar. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafa 'Abd al-Waḥid. Beirut: [n.d].
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Ya'qūb al-. ''Al-Kafī''. Edited by Najm al-Dīn al-Amulī. Tehran: Al-Maktabat al-Islamīyya, 1388 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Baqir al-. ''Biḥar al-anwar''. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-Wafa', 1403 AH.
*Muttaqī Hindī, 'Ala al-Dīn. ''Kanz al-'ummal fī al-sunan wa al-'af'al''. Beirut: Al-Rasala, 1413 AH.
*Nawawī, Yaḥya b. Sharaf. ''Al-Majmū'; sharḥ al-muhadhdhab''. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, [n.d].
*Nūrī, Mīrza Husayn al-. ''Mustadrak al-wasa'il wa musṭanbit al-wasa'il''. Qom: Mu'assisat al al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
*Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Al-Jami' li-aḥkam al-Qur'an''. Tehran: Intisharat-i Naṣir Khusru, 1364 Sh.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. 'Alī al-. ''Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by 'Alī Akbar Ghaffarī. Qom: Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islamī, 1413 AH.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. 'Alī al-. '''Ilal al-shara'i'''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣadiq Baḥr al-'Ulūm. Najaf: Manshurat al-Maktaba al-Haydariyya, 1385 AH/1966.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. 'Alī al-. '''Uyūn akhbar al-Riḍa''. Edited by Husayn A'lamī. Beirut: Mu'assisat al-A'lamī li-l-Maṭbū'at, 1404 AH.
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. 'Alī al-. ''Kamal al-dīn wa itmam al-ni'ma''. Edited by 'Alī Akbar Ghaffarī. Tehran: Islamiyya, 1395 AH.
*Ṣaliḥī Damishqī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-huda wa al-rashad fī sīrat khayr al-'ibad''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmīyya, 1414 AH.
*Sayyid Raḍī, Muḥammad Husayn. ''Nahj al-balagha''. Edited by Ṣubḥī Ṣaliḥ. Qom: Hijrat, 1414 AH.
*Ṭabaranī, Sulayman b. Aḥmad. ''Al-Mu'jam al-kabīr''. Edited by Hamdī 'Abd al-Majīd Salafī. Beirut: Lithography, 1404 AH.
*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tarīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrahīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1387 AH.
*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Hasan al-. ''Majma' al-bayan fī tafsīr al-Qur'an''. Edited by Muḥammad Jawad Balaghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intisharat-i Naṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Hasan al-. ''Al-Tibyan fī tafsīr al-Qur'an''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-'amilī. Beirut: Dar Iḥya' al-Turath al-'Arabī, [n.d].
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Hasan al-. ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkam''. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamīyya, 1407 AH.
*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Haasn al-. ''Al-Khilaf''. Edited by 'Alī Khurasanī et.al. Qom: Daftar-i Intisharat-i Islamī, 1407 AH.
{{end}} 
[[fa:حج انبیا]]

Latest revision as of 12:03, 19 February 2024

Hajj of the Prophets is the report of the Islamic sources of the prophets from Adam to Muhammad (s) performing hajj. According to some hadiths, all the prophets have performed hajj and some have been named to have performed hajj. According to Islamic traditions, the prophet Adam first built the Ka'ba and performed hajj with the help of Gabriel, and the other prophets performed hajj after him. The flood of Noah destroyed the Ka'ba, but the prophets after Noah used to perform hajj without knowing the exact location of the Ka'ba until the prophet Abraham rebuilt the Ka'ba. Moses, Jesus, Solomon, David, Khidr, Jonah and Elijah are among the prophets whose presence in Mecca for hajj is mentioned in Islamic narrations.

Place

Hajj of the Prophets has been mentioned in numerous traditions in Islamic sources. In some hadith books, there is a chapter which is collected hadiths under the title "hajj al-anbiya".[1] Some of these hadiths[2] are under the verse that introduced the Ka'ba as the first house on earth[Explanatory Notes 1] and the verse that considers the Ka'ba as الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ, the ancient house.[3][4] Also, some hadiths under the verse و لکل امه جعلنا منسکا, "For every nation We have appointed a rite", have considered hajj rites as one of the obligatory rituals for all nations.[5]

Narrations

Adam and Seth

According to Islamic narrations, after the fall of Adam to the earth, he was commissioned by God to build the Ka'ba and hold the hajj ceremony.[6] It is narrated about the hajj of Adam that after Adam's exile from heaven, he descended on the Mount Safa, then Gabriel taught him the rites of hajj, and Adam performed all hajj rituals, including tawaf, ramy al-jamarat, sacrifice, halq, Sa'y and tawaf al-nisa'.[7] Some narrations have reported 700 hajj and 300 umra of Adam on foot.[8] After Adam, his son the prophet Seth rebuilt the Ka'ba and performed al-'umra al-mufrada.[9] Performing hajj continued after Adam among his children[10] and they paid special attention to performing hajj.[11]

Noah

Prophet Noah performed hajj before the flood[12] and during the storm, he was assigned to circumambulate his passengers around the Ka'ba and take them to Mina. On the way back, this ship circumambulated the Ka'ba again, and the ship's passengers did sa'y between Safa and Marwa while on the ship.[13]

Abraham and Ishmael

According to some reports, the Ka'ba disappeared in the storm of Noah. Prophets used to perform hajj without knowing the exact location of the Ka'ba[14] until Prophet Abraham was commissioned to rebuild the Ka'ba and revive the ritual of hajj.[15] After the reconstruction of the Ka'ba, he asked God to represent the hajj rituals to him[Explanatory Notes 2] [16] Gabriel came to him and taught him the rituals of hajj one by one[17] and after the command to call people to perform hajj,[18] Abraham stood up on a high place[Explanatory Notes 3] and loudly called the people to performing  hajj[19] and he and his son Ishmael and a group of Jarhamites performed hajj.[20] After that, hajj as a sacred tradition with special actions continued by the other Prophets and their followers[21]

Moses

After Abraham and Ishmael, other prophets performed hajj as it is narrated that Prophet Moses along with 70 prophets for performing hajj on a red-haired camel after passing through the area of "Safaḥ al-Ruḥa" while speaking “labbayk ya karīm labbayk”  and Putting on Ihram.[22] In a tradition, Ibn'Abbas has narrated from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that 70 prophets, including Moses, came to Mina and prayed in Al-Khaif Mosque.[23]

Other Prophets

According to some narrations, Jesus started the hajj or 'Umrah by saying "Labbayk Abduk ibn Amatik Labbayk".[24]David also prayed in 'Arafat when he saw the huge wave of pilgrims[25]. prophet Solomon performed hajj together with humans, elves and birds and covered the Ka'ba with Egyptian cloth. [26] According to other traditions, Jonah recited the Talbīya "Labbayk kashshaf al-kurab al-'aẓīm labbayk", and Khidr and Elijah perform hajj every year in the appointed season.[27] In some traditions, performing the hajj of Hud and Saleh is also mentioned. [28]

Muhammad(PBUH)

With the rise of Islam, the hajj ritual was legislated as one of the religious obligations for Muslims, and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed the hajj ritual. According to some narrations, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed 20 hajj and three separate 'Umrahs, all of which took place in the month of Dhu al-Qa'da.[29] His only hajj after the Hijrah was performed in the 10th year of the Hijri along with a hundred thousand Muslims and was known as the Farewell hajj(Hajjat al-Wada' means The last hajj).[30]

hajj of all the prophets in hadiths without mentioning their names

Some hadiths have reported about the hajj of the Prophets without mentioning their names. According to some reports, all the prophets except Hud and Saleh did not succeed in performing hajj because they were engaged in preaching. The rest of them performed hajj.[31] But this view is considered weak.[32] In addition, in some hadiths, Hud and Saleh have been explicitly mentioned [33] and it has even been said that They died in Mecca and were buried near the Ka'ba.[34] Therefore, all the prophets performed hajj. Some narrations quoted from Shia imams also confirm this point of view;[35] as Imam Ali(a.s) has said in a speech that the Ka'ba is the place of many prophets from Adam to the end of the world.[36]

Notes

  1. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212;
  2. ↑ 'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 1, p. 60, 186.
  3. ↑ Qur'an,22:34
  4. ↑ Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 399, Ṭūsī, Al-Khilaf, vol. 6, p. 58.
  5. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayan, vol. 7, p. 134; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 12, p. 58.
  6. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 34-36; Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 235; Hurr al-'amilī,Wasa'il al-Shī'a, vol. 13, p. 332.
  7. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 190-191; Ṣadūq,' Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 400.
  8. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 229.
  9. ↑ Ṭabarī,Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 1, p. 162; 'Aynī,'Umdat al-qarī, vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, Biḥar al-anwar, vol. 11, p. 261.
  10. ↑ Ṭabarī, Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 1, p. 162; 'Aynī,'Umdat al-qarī, vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, Biḥar al-anwar, vol. 11, p. 261.
  11. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 51,68-69, 72-74; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 2, p. 130; Ṣaliḥī Shamī, Subul al-huda, vol. 1, p. 210.
  12. ↑ Nūrī, Mustadrak al-wasa'il, vol. 8, p. 9; Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 72.
  13. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212-213; 'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 2, p. 149; Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 230.
  14. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 38; Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyan, vol. 1, p. 436; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 288.
  15. ↑ Qur'an,22:26; Qur'an,2:127-128.
  16. ↑ Qur'an,2:128.
  17. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 205; Bayhaqī, Sunan al-kubra, vol. 5, p. 145.
  18. ↑ Qur'an,22:27.
  19. ↑ Ṭabrisī, Majma' al-bayan, vol. 7, p. 128-129; Ibn Abī l-Hatam, Tafsīr al-Qur'an al-'aẓīm, vol. 8, p. 2487.
  20. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 66-72; Ṭabarī,Tarīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 1, p. 260-262; Hurr al-'amilī,Wasa'il al-Shī'a, vol. 11, p. 8.
  21. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 68; Dar rah-i Barpaei-h hajj-i Ibrahīmī, p. 200.
  22. ↑ Kulaynī, Al-Kafī, vol. 4 p. 213-214; 'Ayyashī, Tafsīr al-'Ayyashī, vol. 1, p. 186; Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 234-235.
  23. ↑ Ṭabaranī, Al-Mu'jam al-kabīr, vol. 11, p. 358; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 221; Muttaqī Hindī, Kanz al-'ummal, vol. 12, p. 228.
  24. ↑ Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 2, p. 240; Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 2, p. 419.
  25. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 214; Fayḍ al-Kashanī, Kitab al-Wafī, vol. 12, p. 162-163.
  26. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 213; Fayḍ al-Kashanī, Kitab al-Wafī, vol. 12, p. 162-163.
  27. ↑ Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 234-235; Ṣadūq, Kamal al-dīn, p. 390-391; Majlisī, Biḥar al-anwar, vol. 14, p. 387, vol . 96, p. 185.
  28. ↑ Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr, Al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 220.
  29. ↑ Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 251-252; Ṣadūq, Man la yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh, vol. 2, p. 238; Ṭūsī, Tahdhīb al-aḥkam, vol. 5, p.443.
  30. ↑ Nawawī, Al-Majmū', vol. 7, p. 104; Amīnī, Al-Ghadīr, vol. 1, p. 266.
  31. ↑ Ibn Isḥaq, Al-Sīyar wa al-maghazī, vol. 2, p, 73; Bayhaqī, Sunan al-kubra, vol. 5, p. 177; Ibn Kathīr, Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya, vol. 1, p. 272.
  32. ↑ Ṣaliḥī Shamī, Subul al-huda, vol. 1, p. 210.
  33. ↑ Aḥmad bin Hanbal, Musnad Aḥmad bin Hanbal, vol. 1, p. 232; Ibn Kathīr, Al-Bidaya wa l-nihaya, vol. 1, p. 138; Haythamī, 'Majma' al-zawa'id, vol. 3, p. 220. .
  34. ↑ Al-Arzaqī, Akhbar-i Makkih, vol. 1, p. 68
  35. ↑ Ṣadūq, 'Uyūn akhbar al-Riḍa, vol. 2, p. 127; Ṣadūq,'Ilal al-shara'i', vol. 1, p. 274.
  36. ↑ Sayyid Raḍī, Nahj al-balagha, kh. 192.
  1. ↑ إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکهَ: Indeed the first house to be set up for mankind is the one at Bakkah. (Quran 3:96)
  2. ↑ وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا and show us our holy rites.
  3. ↑ On Mount Abū Qubays, or the stone that later became known as Maqam Ibrahīm.

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