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Hajj: Difference between revisions
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Obligatory hajj is further classified into three forms: | Obligatory hajj is further classified into three forms: | ||
* Al-Tamattu': is obligatory for a person whose homeland is located at a distance more than 90 km from the holy city of Mecca | |||
* Al-Ifrād, | *Al-Tamattu': is obligatory for a person whose homeland is located at a distance more than 90 km from the holy city of Mecca | ||
* Al-Qirān. | *Al-Ifrād, | ||
*Al-Qirān. | |||
Hajj al-ifrād and hajj al-qirān are obligatory for people who reside within the holy city of Mecca or those who are settled at a distance less than the aforementioned one. | Hajj al-ifrād and hajj al-qirān are obligatory for people who reside within the holy city of Mecca or those who are settled at a distance less than the aforementioned one. | ||
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It is not lawful for a person intending to perform hajj or 'umra to enter the Holy City of Mecca without iḥrām. And if he wants to enter in the Holy city of Mecca in days other than hajj season, it is obligatory for him to enter the Holy City with iḥrām of al-'umra al-mufrada. However, the following two groups are exempted from this commandment: | It is not lawful for a person intending to perform hajj or 'umra to enter the Holy City of Mecca without iḥrām. And if he wants to enter in the Holy city of Mecca in days other than hajj season, it is obligatory for him to enter the Holy City with iḥrām of al-'umra al-mufrada. However, the following two groups are exempted from this commandment: | ||
* Those who frequently visit the holy city of Mecca for job/occupational purposes. | *Those who frequently visit the holy city of Mecca for job/occupational purposes. | ||
* Those who have exited the Holy city of Mecca after performing the rites and acts of hajj/'umra and want to re-enter the holy city of Mecca during the same [lunar] month. | *Those who have exited the Holy city of Mecca after performing the rites and acts of hajj/'umra and want to re-enter the holy city of Mecca during the same [lunar] month. | ||
The repetition of 'umra is recommended similar to repetition of hajj and there lies no particular gap limit between two 'umras. But, on cautionary terms one can perform only one 'umra for himself within a month. If he performs two 'umras on behalf of others or he performs one 'umra for himself and the second for another person, this caution is not necessary. Therefore, if he performs the second 'umra on behalf of another person, it is permissible for him to receive the wages of performing 'umra and 'umra al-mufrada will be sufficient for the performer whether it is obligatory or not. | The repetition of 'umra is recommended similar to repetition of hajj and there lies no particular gap limit between two 'umras. But, on cautionary terms one can perform only one 'umra for himself within a month. If he performs two 'umras on behalf of others or he performs one 'umra for himself and the second for another person, this caution is not necessary. Therefore, if he performs the second 'umra on behalf of another person, it is permissible for him to receive the wages of performing 'umra and 'umra al-mufrada will be sufficient for the performer whether it is obligatory or not. | ||
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The deeds of 'umra al-tamattu': | The deeds of 'umra al-tamattu': | ||
# Wearing [[iḥrām]] (hajj dress) from a [[miqat]]; | |||
# [[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy [[Ka'ba]]; | #Wearing [[iḥrām]] (hajj dress) from a [[miqat]]; | ||
# [[Prayer of ṭawāf]]; | #[[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy [[Ka'ba]]; | ||
# [[Sa'y]] (to walk) between the mountains of [[Safā]] and [[Marwa]]; | #[[Prayer of ṭawāf]]; | ||
# [[Taqsīr]] (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail) | #[[Sa'y]] (to walk) between the mountains of [[Safā]] and [[Marwa]]; | ||
#[[Taqsīr]] (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail) | |||
The deeds of hajj al-tamattu' are mentioned below: | The deeds of hajj al-tamattu' are mentioned below: | ||
# Iḥrām (wearing dress of hajj) in the holy city of Mecca; | |||
# Wuqūf (staying) in | #Iḥrām (wearing dress of hajj) in the holy city of Mecca; | ||
# Wuqūf (staying) in | #[[Wuquf at 'Arafat|Wuqūf (staying) in 'Arafāt]] from the noon of the ninth of Dhu l-Ḥijja to sunset; | ||
# Stoning at [[Jamara al-'Aqaba]] on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] (the tenth of Dhu l-Ḥijja); | #[[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar al-Haram|Wuqūf (staying) in al-Mash'ar al-Ḥarām]] on the night before the tenth of Dhu l-Ḥijja to sunrise; | ||
# Slaughtering animal; | #Stoning at [[Jamara al-'Aqaba]] on the day of [[Eid al-Adha]] (the tenth of Dhu l-Ḥijja); | ||
# Shaving head or taqsīr (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail); | #Slaughtering animal; | ||
# [[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy Ka'ba; | #Shaving head or taqsīr (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail); | ||
# Prayer of ṭawāf ; | #[[Ṭawāf]] around the Holy Ka'ba; | ||
# Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safā and Marwa; | #Prayer of ṭawāf ; | ||
# Ṭawāf of nisā' (women); | #Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safā and Marwa; | ||
# Prayer of ṭawāf of nisā'; | #Ṭawāf of nisā' (women); | ||
# To stay awake during the night before the eleventh in [[Minā]]; | #Prayer of ṭawāf of nisā'; | ||
# Stoning three jamaras on the eleventh of Dhu l-Ḥijja; | #To stay awake during the night before the eleventh in [[Minā]]; | ||
# To stay awake during the night before the twelfth in Minā; | #Stoning three jamaras on the eleventh of Dhu l-Ḥijja; | ||
# Stoning three jamaras on the twelfth of Dhu l-Ḥijja. | #To stay awake during the night before the twelfth in Minā; | ||
#Stoning three jamaras on the twelfth of Dhu l-Ḥijja. | |||
Hajj al-ifrād and hajj al-tamattu' are similar in terms of rituals and acts of worship except for one major difference of animal slaughtering. It is mandatory in hajj al-tamattu' whereas it is a recommended act in hajj al-ifrād. | Hajj al-ifrād and hajj al-tamattu' are similar in terms of rituals and acts of worship except for one major difference of animal slaughtering. It is mandatory in hajj al-tamattu' whereas it is a recommended act in hajj al-ifrād. | ||
'Umra al-mufrada is similar to 'umra al-tamattu' except for the following differences: | 'Umra al-mufrada is similar to 'umra al-tamattu' except for the following differences: | ||
# The rituals of 'umra al-tamattu' comprise taqsīr as obligatory act; whereas in 'umra al-mufrada, it is optional for the men, i.e. either he can have his head shaved or perform taqsīr. The rulings for the women are that they should perform taqsīr in both 'umra al-mufrada and 'umra al-tamattu'. | |||
# In 'umra al-tamattu, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are not obligatory. However on the basis of caution, one should perform both of them before taqsīr with the intention of rajā' (hope of being desired by Allah). In 'umra al-mufrada, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are obligatory. | #The rituals of 'umra al-tamattu' comprise taqsīr as obligatory act; whereas in 'umra al-mufrada, it is optional for the men, i.e. either he can have his head shaved or perform taqsīr. The rulings for the women are that they should perform taqsīr in both 'umra al-mufrada and 'umra al-tamattu'. | ||
# 'Umra al-tamattu' should be performed during the months of hajj: Shawwāl, Dhu l-Qa'da or Dhu l-Ḥijja; whereas 'umra al-mufrada can be performed any time during the year. | #In 'umra al-tamattu, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are not obligatory. However on the basis of caution, one should perform both of them before taqsīr with the intention of rajā' (hope of being desired by Allah). In 'umra al-mufrada, ṭawāf of nisā' and its prayer are obligatory. | ||
# There are five miqats (the place where the dress for hajj or 'umra is worn) for 'umra al-tamattu'. miqat for 'umra al-mufrada varies with distance from Mecca. People residing in Mecca have adanā al-ḥill as miqat whereas people living out of Mecca are obliged to wear iḥrām from one of the five miqats nearest to them. | #'Umra al-tamattu' should be performed during the months of hajj: Shawwāl, Dhu l-Qa'da or Dhu l-Ḥijja; whereas 'umra al-mufrada can be performed any time during the year. | ||
#There are five miqats (the place where the dress for hajj or 'umra is worn) for 'umra al-tamattu'. miqat for 'umra al-mufrada varies with distance from Mecca. People residing in Mecca have adanā al-ḥill as miqat whereas people living out of Mecca are obliged to wear iḥrām from one of the five miqats nearest to them. | |||
Hajj al-qirān differs from hajj al-ifrād mainly in two aspects: animal slaughtering and becoming muḥrīm. During hajj al-qirān, the animal for slaughtering should accompany the person wearing iḥrām, thereby animal slaughtering is obligatory for him. | Hajj al-qirān differs from hajj al-ifrād mainly in two aspects: animal slaughtering and becoming muḥrīm. During hajj al-qirān, the animal for slaughtering should accompany the person wearing iḥrām, thereby animal slaughtering is obligatory for him. | ||
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For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows: | For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows: | ||
# Intention, i.e. from the time of wearing iḥrām for 'umra al-tamattu', he should intend to perform hajj al-tamattu'; otherwise, his hajj is not in order; | |||
# Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the months of hajj; | #Intention, i.e. from the time of wearing iḥrām for 'umra al-tamattu', he should intend to perform hajj al-tamattu'; otherwise, his hajj is not in order; | ||
# Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the same year; | #Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the months of hajj; | ||
# 'Umra and hajj should be performed for one person and by one person. This implies that a person who is performing hajj on the behalf of a dead person needs to perform both 'umra and hajj himself. Hiring two individuals to carry out the 'umra and hajj separately is not permitted. | #Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the same year; | ||
#'Umra and hajj should be performed for one person and by one person. This implies that a person who is performing hajj on the behalf of a dead person needs to perform both 'umra and hajj himself. Hiring two individuals to carry out the 'umra and hajj separately is not permitted. | |||
A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu', cannot change it on purpose and by choice to perform hajj al-ifrād or al-qirān. | A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu', cannot change it on purpose and by choice to perform hajj al-ifrād or al-qirān. | ||
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The following conditions make hajj obligatory: | The following conditions make hajj obligatory: | ||
# Being sane, | |||
# Being mature by shar', | #Being sane, | ||
# Being mustaṭī | #Being mature by shar', | ||
#Being mustaṭī | |||
==Going Toward Mecca== | ==Going Toward Mecca== | ||
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{{main|Tawaf al-Nisa'}} | {{main|Tawaf al-Nisa'}} | ||
Tawaf al-nisa' is a tawaf and a two rak'a prayer which is one of the obligatory rites of hajj al-tamattu' and al-'umra al-mufrada. It is not obligatory in 'umra al-tamattu'. | Tawaf al-nisa' is a tawaf and a two rak'a prayer which is one of the obligatory rites of hajj al-tamattu' and al-'umra al-mufrada. It is not obligatory in 'umra al-tamattu'. | ||
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