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| '''Masjid al-Bay'ah''' (Bay'ah Mosque) is an ancient mosque in the city of [[Mecca]], dating back to the 2nd century AH. This mosque is located near [[Jamaras|Jamarat al-Aqaba]] and outside the legal boundary of [[Mina]]. It is the place where the people of [[Yathrib]] pledged allegiance to the Prophet (s).
| | Multazam "committed" or "dedicated or "obliged" |
| | Multazam is a part of the eastern wall of the Kaaba, located between the door of the Kaaba and the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad). According to narrations, this place is where sins are confessed, and prayers are answered. The Holy Prophet (PBUH) placed his face and hands on this part of the wall and prayed. |
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| According to an inscription on the western wall of Masjid al-Bay'ah, the mosque was built in 144 AH/761-2 by the order of [[Mansur Abbasi]] and was later renovated several times. | | According to narrations, when Prophet Adam (AS) circumambulated the Kaaba, he confessed his sins at the Multazam, and from then on, this place became a site for the acceptance of prayers by God. |
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| ==Naming==
| | "A place for confessing sins" |
| When the people of Yathrib ([[Medina]]) became acquainted with Islam, during the days of Hajj, at the [[Jamaras|Jamarat al-Aqabah]], they pledged allegiance to [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the prophet(s)]] for the first time. After that, Islam spread in Medina. At the site of this event, which is known as [[the First Pledge of Aqabah]], a mosque was built that became famous as "Masjid al-Bay'ah" (Mosque of the Pledge).<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 169.</ref>
| | A part of the eastern wall of the Kaaba is called Multazam. This section is located between the Black Stone (Hajar al-Aswad) and the door of the Kaaba.(1) Fāsī, " Al-ʿAqd al-Thamīn fī Tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn", vol. 1, p. 242. , Ṣafīrūshānī, "Makkah dar Bistar Tārīkh", p. 99. |
| In sources, other mosques are also referred to by the name Masjid al-Bay'ah:
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| *[[Masjid al-Ghanam]], a mosque in Mecca, which was the place where the people of Mecca pledged allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref> Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 2, p. 201-271; Qāʾidān, '' Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 106.</ref>
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| *[[Masjid al-Jinn]], a mosque in Mecca, which is the place where the jinn pledged allegiance to the Prophet (s).<ref> Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 2, p. 201; Ibn Ḍiyāʾ Ḥanafī , ''Tārīkh Makkah al-Mukarrama wa al-Masjid al-Ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-Sharīfa wa al-Qabr al-Sharīf'', p. 181.</ref>
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| ==Location==
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| Masjid al-Bay'ah is in [[Mecca]], near the Jamarat al-Aqabah [outside the legal boundary of Mina from the Mecca side], on the southern slope of [[Mount Thubayr]]. This area is known as [[Sha'b al-Ansar]] and [[Sha'b al-Bay'ah]].<ref>Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 303; Ḥārithī , ''Al-Muʿjam al-Āthārī li-Manṭiqat Makkah al-Mukarrama'', p. 177; Bakr, ''Ashhar al-Masājid fī al-Islām'', p. 168.</ref> and it is on the left side of someone who is traveling from Mecca towards [[Mina]]. The distance from Masjid al-Bay'ah to [[Jamaras|Jamarat al-Aqabah]] is more than three hundred meters.<ref>Ibn Ḍiyāʾ Ḥanafī , ''Tārīkh Makkah al-Mukarrama wa al-Masjid al-Ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-Sharīfa wa al-Qabr al-Sharīf'', p. 181; Ibn Fahd, '' Ithāf al-Warā bi-ʾAkhbār Umm al-Qurā'', vol. 2, p. 180.</ref>
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| Nowadays, with the development of Mina, the area around Masjid al-Bay'ah, which was previously within the valley and enclosed by mountains, has been cleared. Currently, the mosque is located at the end of the exit path of the second level of the Jamarat towards Mecca, and an iron fence has been placed around the mosque.<ref>Bakr, ''Ashhar al-Masājid fī al-Islām'', p. 169-171; Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 169.</ref>
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| The area of Masjid al-Bay'ah is 500 square meters. The mosque is rectangular in shape, with a length of 27.90 meters and a width of 17 meters. It is constructed of stone and brick and has no roof.<ref>Barakātī, '' Dirāsah Tārīkhiyya li-Masājid al-Mashāʿir al-Muqaddasah: Masjid al-Khayf - Masjid al-Bayʿah bi-Minā'', p. 232.</ref>
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| ==History of the Construction==
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| According to an inscription from the year 144 AH, which is still preserved and installed on the western wall of the mosque, the construction of this mosque was commissioned by Abu Ja'far al-Mansur Abbasid (R: 136-158 AH/753-775).<ref>Al-Ḥārithī ,'' Al-ʾĀthār al-Islāmiyya fī Makkah al-Mukarrama'', p. 217-218.</ref>
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| Additionally, an inscription from the year 629 AH/1231-2 is also installed on the southern wall of the mosque, which reports the restoration of the mosque during the time of al-Mustansir Abbasid (R: 623-640 AH/1226-1243).<ref>Kurdī, '' Al-Tārīkh al-Qawīm li-Makkah wa Bayt Allāh al- Karīm'', vol. 6, p. 28.</ref>
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| Other sources also mention Masjid al-Bay'ah throughout various centuries; for instance, [[Ibn Jubayr]] referred to it during his journey to Mecca in the year 578 AH/1182-3.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, '' Al-Tadhkira bi-l-ʾAkhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār'', p. 123.</ref>
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| [[Ibn Taymiyyah]] (d. 728 AH/1327-8) also mentioned the existence of the mosque.<ref>Ibn Taymiyya, '' Iqtiḍāʾ al-Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm li-Mukhālafat Aṣḥāb al-Jaḥīm '', p. 426.</ref>
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| [[Al-Fasi]] (d. 832 AH/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, described the mosque. According to him, the mosque had two porticoes, each with three domes resting on four archways. Behind these porticoes, there was also an open area.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 348.</ref>
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| The mosque was also destroyed at various times throughout history; for instance, a report from the 11th century mentions the destruction of the mosque.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Jawāhir al-tārīkh al-makkī'', p. 263.</ref>
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| However, during the Ottoman era, the mosque was rebuilt during the reign of Sultan Abdul Hamid II (1876-1909 CE).<ref>Gāzī,'' Ifādat al-anām'',vol. 2, p. 49.</ref>
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| There is also a report of repairs to parts of the mosque during the reign of King Fahd of Saudi Arabia.<ref>Barakātī, '' Dirāsah Tārīkhiyya li-Masājid al-Mashāʿir al-Muqaddasah: Masjid al-Khayf - Masjid al-Bayʿah bi-Minā'', p. 232.</ref>
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| ==Gallery==
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| <gallery>
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| file:پلان مسجد بیعه.jpg|The map of the Bay'ah Mosque
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| file:مسجد بیعت2.webp|
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| file:مسجد بیعت1.webp|
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| file:مسجد بیعت6.webp
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| file:مسجد بیعت کتیبه.webp|The inscription of the Bay'ah Mosque.
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| file:مسجد البیعه 6.jpg|The inscription of the Bay'ah Mosque.
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| file:مسجد البیعه 7.jpg|The mihrab of the Bay'ah Mosque.
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| </gallery>
| | It is narrated from the Prophet (PBUH) through Ibn Abbas that the Multazam is a place where prayers are answered.(2) Fāsī ,''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 196. |
| ==Notes==
| | It is narrated that when Prophet Adam (AS) was circumambulating the Kaaba, he confessed his sins at this place, and since then, this place has been designated by God as a site for the acceptance of prayers.(3) Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 13, p. 346. |
| {{Notes}}
| | There are narrations that the Prophet (PBUH) would place his face and chest against the wall of the Kaaba at this place.(4) Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 1, p. 162. |
| ==References==
| | Imam Ali also advised to confess your sins at the Multazam.(5) Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 13, p. 346. |
| {{References}}
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| *Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
| | "Etymology" |
| *Al-Ḥārithī , '' Al-ʾĀthār al-Islāmiyya fī Makkah al-Mukarrama ''.[n.p], 1430 AH.
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| *Bakr, Sayyid ʿAbd al-Majīd. ''Ashhar al-Masājid fī al-Islām''. n.p., Dār al-Qibla, 1404 AH.
| | Regarding the name "Multazam," some have said that it is named so because pilgrims cling to this part when they pray and become attached to it.(6) Khalīlī, "Mawṣūʿat al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa", vol. 2, p. 236. |
| *Barakātī, Nāṣir ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Dirāsah Tārīkhiyya li-Masājid al-Mashāʿir al-Muqaddasah: Masjid al-Khayf - Masjid al-Bayʿah bi-Minā''.[n.p]: Muḥammad Nīsān Sulaymān Mannāʿ, Dār al-Madīnī liṭ-Ṭibāʿa wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1st edition, 1408 AH / 1988 CE. | | Some have also said that during the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyyah), people would come to this part of the wall of the Kaaba to swear oaths and make pledges, and they were committed and bound to the oaths they took.(7) ʿAlī, Jawād, "Al-Mufṣal fī Tārīkh al-ʿArab Qabl al-Islām", vol. 6, p. 437-438. |
| *Fākiḥī Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makkah fī Qadīm al-Dahr wa Ḥadīthih''. edited by ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Dahīsh. Beirut: Dār Khidhr, 1414 AH.
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| *Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
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| *Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad '' al-. Ifādat al-anām''. Mecca: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1430 AH.
| | Multazam and Mustajar |
| *Ḥārithī Nāṣir ibn ʿAlī. ''Al-Muʿjam al-Āthārī li-Manṭiqat Makkah al-Mukarrama''. Ṭāʾif: Fahrasat Maktabat al-Malik Fahd al-Waṭaniyya, 1423 AH. | | There is another place on the wall of the Kaaba known as **Mustajar**, where it is also recommended to pray. Mustajar is located behind the Kaaba on the western side and includes the area from the Yemeni Corner to the blocked door of the Kaaba. |
| *Ibn Ḍiyāʾ Ḥanafī Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. ''Tārīkh Makkah al-Mukarrama wa al-Masjid al-Ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-Sharīfa wa al-Qabr al-Sharīf''. edited by ʿAlāʾ Ibrāhīm al-Azharī and others. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1418 AH. | | |
| *Ibn Fahd,ʿUmār. '' Ithāf al-Warā bi-ʾAkhbār Umm al-Qurā'' **: (d. 885 AH), edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shalṭūt, Makkah, Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1403 AH.
| | Since sometimes in sources and narrations, Mustajar and Multazam are considered names of the same place,(8) ) Fāsī ,''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 196. |
| *Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad. ''Al-Tadhkira bi-l-ʾAkhbār ʿan Ittifāqāt al-Asfār''.[n.p]:, al-Muʾassasa al-ʿArabiyya li-l-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr, 2008 CE. | | It is said that Multazam is also situated on the wall behind the Kaaba.(9)* |
| *Ibn Taymiyya '' Iqtiḍāʾ al-Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm li-Mukhālafat Aṣḥāb al-Jaḥīm ''. [n.p], Dār ʿĀlam al-Kutub, 1419 AH. | | Some believe that Multazam is also the same as Mustajar and is located at the Yemeni Corner.10) Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 44. |
| *Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
| | "references" |
| *Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Jawāhir al-tārīkh al-makkī''. Tehran: Mīqāt-i ḥajj, 1387 sh.
| | . Ibn Isḥāq al-Fākiḥī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq.** *Akhbār Makkah fī Qadīm al-Dahr wa Ḥadīthih.* Edited by ʿAbd al-Malik b. Dahīsh. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH. |
| *Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
| | . Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH. |
| *Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-Qawīm li-Makkah wa Bayt Allāh al-Karīm'' [n.p]: Maktabat al-Nahḍa al-Ḥadītha, 1412 AH. | | . Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Ridhā.** “Pajūheshī Dār Bārah Multazam.” *Majallat Mīqāt Ḥajj,* no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH. |
| *Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. '' Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
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| {{end}}
| | . Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh. |
| | . Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad, and Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā.** *Al-ʿAqd al-Thamīn fī Tārīkh al-Balad al-Amīn.* Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1419 AH. |
| | |
| | . ʿAlī, Jawād. *Al-Mufṣal fī Tārīkh al-ʿArab Qabl al-Islām.* Beirut: Dār al-ʿIlm lil-Malayīn, 1391 AH / 1976 CE. |
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| | . Ṣafīrūshānī, Naʿmat Allāh.** *Makkah dar Bistar Tārīkh.* Qom: Markaz ʿĀlamī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 SH. |
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| | . Khalīlī, Jaʿfar.** *Mawṣūʿat al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa.* Beirut: Muʾassasat al-ʿĀlamī lil-Maṭbūʿāt, 1407 AH / 1987 CE. |
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| | . Al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. Ḥasan.** *Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa.* Edited by Muḥammad Ridhā Ḥusaynī Jalālī. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt ʿAlayhim al-Salām li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH. |
