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Ali Akbar Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is drawn in front of the doorways and porches of kings and rulers. | Ali Akbar Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is drawn in front of the doorways and porches of kings and rulers. | ||
Throughout history, the Shadharwan has been reconstructed or replaced several times. Its covering with plaster and marble in the late third century | Throughout history, the Shadharwan has been reconstructed or replaced several times. Its covering with plaster and marble in the late third century of hijra and its transformation into a sloped surface in the first decade of 670 AH/ 1271-2 are among its significant changes. Today, the Shadharwan is covered with white marble stones and is fitted with 57 gold rings to hold the [[Curtain of Ka'ba|curtain of the Ka'ba]]. Additionally, eight pieces of precious marble are placed on the Shadharwan to the right of the Ka'ba’s door, which date back to the stones of the Mataf in the year 631 AH/ 1233-4. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
Shadharwan is a short, sloped protrusion located at the bottom of the Ka'ba's walls, except for the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]] and below the Ka'ba’s door. | Shadharwan is a short, sloped protrusion located at the bottom of the Ka'ba's walls, except for the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]] and below the Ka'ba’s door. | ||
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These rings are made of yellow brass.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> | These rings are made of yellow brass.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> | ||
Initially, these rings were made of silver, and then in the year 1396 SH/2017-8, they were replaced with gold rings.<ref>«[https://www.yjc.news/fa/news/6100071 Installing gold rings on the Shadharwan of the Ka'ba]»</ref> | Initially, these rings were made of silver, and then in the year 1396 SH/2017-8, they were replaced with gold rings.<ref>«[https://www.yjc.news/fa/news/6100071 Installing gold rings on the Shadharwan of the Ka'ba]»</ref> | ||
In the past, there were 48 rings | In the past, there were 48 rings.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> The number was increased to 57 rings.<ref>[https://www.alwatan.com.sa/article/286823 «Shadherwan of the Ka'ba and the wall of Hatim in a new look»]</ref> | ||
The number was increased to 57 rings. | ==Rulings== | ||
According to the fatwa of Shiite jurists, Tawaf on the Shadharwan is not valid.<ref>Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā'', p. 116.</ref> | |||
According to the fatwa of Shiite jurists, Tawaf on the Shadharwan is not valid. | And if someone performs Tawaf on the Shadharwan due to a large crowd or for other reasons, they must redo the portion of the Tawaf they performed there.<ref>Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā'', p. 116.</ref> | ||
And if someone performs Tawaf on the Shadharwan due to a large crowd or for other reasons, they must redo the portion of the Tawaf they performed there. | The reason why [[Tawaf]] on the Shadharwan is considered invalid is understood to be because the Shadharwan is part of the Ka'ba, and Tawaf must be performed around the Ka'ba, not inside it.<ref>Ḥamū, ''Muʿarifī amākin makka mukarrama'', p. 46.</ref> | ||
The reason why Tawaf on the Shadharwan is considered invalid is understood to be because the Shadharwan is part of the | According to the opinions of Shiite religious authorities, it is permissible to touch the wall of the Ka'ba on the three sides where the Shadharwan is located, and it does not harm the Tawaf; although it is recommended as a precaution to avoid doing so.<ref>Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā'', p. 116.</ref> | ||
According to the opinions of Shiite religious authorities, it is permissible to touch the wall of the | Sunni jurisprudential schools have differing opinions about the ruling on [[Tawaf]] over the Shadharwan. The Shafi'i and Maliki schools consider Tawaf on the Shadharwan to be invalid. The Hanafi school, on the other hand, does not consider the Shadharwan to be part of the Ka'ba. In contrast, the Hanbali school does not regard Tawaf over it as invalidating the [[Tawaf]].<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 2, p. 188.</ref> | ||
Sunni jurisprudential schools have differing opinions about the ruling on Tawaf over the Shadharwan. The Shafi'i and Maliki schools consider Tawaf on the Shadharwan to be invalid. The Hanafi school, on the other hand, does not consider the Shadharwan to be part of the | ==Gallery== | ||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | |||
اجزا و متعلقات کعبه.jpg|The position of Shadharwan among other parts and belongings of the Ka'ba. | |||
ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه۲.jpg|The [[Hijr Isma'il]] side, which does not have a Shadharwan and a platform has been placed instead. | |||
ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه.jpg|The side platform of Hajar Ismail and the golden rings that replaced the silver rings in 2016. | |||
کعبه، شاذروان و در کعبه.jpeg|Under the door of the Ka'ba, there is no Shadharwan , and a staircase has been built instead. | |||
هشت قطعه مرمر روی شاذروان.jpeg|Eight pieces of marble that are on the stone next to the door of the Ka'ba. | |||
حلقههای شاذروان کعبه.jpg|Closing the Ka'ba curtain to the rings embedded in Shazervan. | |||
</gallery> | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
*Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīniyya, 2008. | |||
*Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā''. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh. | *Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā''. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh. | ||
*Ḥusaynī kāshānī, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. ''Mufarraḥt al-anām fī taʾsīs bayt allah al-ḥrām''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh. | *Ḥusaynī kāshānī, Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn. ''Mufarraḥt al-anām fī taʾsīs bayt allah al-ḥrām''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh. | ||
• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. | • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. T''ārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh. | ||
• Shurrāb, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Ḥasan. ''Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 sh. | |||
• Shurrāb, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad Ḥasan. Al-Ma ʿālim al-athīra. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1383 sh. | |||
• Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH. | • Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH. | ||
• Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Cairo: Shirkat al-Dawlīyya li-l-Ṭibāʿa, 2004. | • Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn''. Cairo: Shirkat al-Dawlīyya li-l-Ṭibāʿa, 2004. | ||
. Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Murtaḍā. ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā; manāsik Ḥajj''. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1428 AH. | . Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Murtaḍā. ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā; manāsik Ḥajj''. Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1428 AH. | ||
• Ḥamū, Maḥmūd Muḥammad. Muʿarifī amākin makka mukarrama. Translated by Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī fāḍilī, Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1391 sh. | • Ḥamū, Maḥmūd Muḥammad. ''Muʿarifī amākin makka mukarrama''. Translated by Murtaḍā Ḥusaynī fāḍilī, Tehran: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1391 sh. | ||