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The Shajara mosque(Arabic: مسجد الشجره) in [[Medina]] is one of the [[five Miqats]]. This place is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from Medina to [[Mecca]]. It is said that the Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him, would don the [[ihram]] from this location when he set out for [[Hajj]]. [[Dhul-Halayfa]], [[Miqat Mosque]], and [[Abar Ali]] are other names for this mosque.
'''Shajara mosque'''(Arabic: مسجد الشجره) in [[Medina]] is one of the [[five Miqats]]. This place is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from Medina to [[Mecca]]. It is said that the Prophet of Islam, peace be upon him, would don the [[ihram]] from this location when he set out for [[Hajj]]. [[Dhul-Halayfa]], [[Miqat Mosque]], and [[Abar 'Ali|Abar Ali]] are other names for this mosque.
According to historians, the Masjid Shajara was built during the caliphate of Umar ibn Khattab and has been reconstructed several times since then. Today, the Shajara mosque is located about three kilometers from Medina, near the Medina-Mecca highway.
According to historians, the Masjid Shajara was built during the caliphate of Umar ibn Khattab and has been reconstructed several times since then. Today, the Shajara mosque is located about three kilometers from Medina, near the Medina-Mecca highway.
==location==
==location==
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===fourteenth centuryReconstruction===
===fourteenth centuryReconstruction===


It is said that this mosque was built in the late 11th century Hijri Qamari(11) Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.
It is said that this mosque was built in the late 11th century.<ref>Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.</ref>  It was destroyed, and a Muslim from India, in the year 1090 AH/1679-80, with the permission of the Ottoman government, reconstructed it.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.</ref>
It was destroyed, and a Muslim from Hindustan, in the year 1090 Hijri Qamari, with the permission of the Ottoman government, reconstructed it(12) ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.
Hisam al-Saltana, who saw this mosque in the year 1298 AH/1880-1, described it as follows: 'The mentioned mosque is square and fifty-two cubits in length. It is made of stone and plaster. On the south side, there is a porch over which an arch is placed, and its dome has been whitened from the outside, and there is a mihrab in the middle of it.<ref>Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana,''Safarnāma makka'', p. 139.</ref>
Hosam al-Sultanah, who saw this mosque in the year 1298 Hijri Qamari, described it as follows: 'The mentioned mosque is square and fifty-two cubits in length. It is made of stone and plaster. On the south side, there is a porch over which an arch is placed, and its dome has been whitened from the outside, and there is a mihrab in the middle of it.(13) Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana,''Safarnāma makka'', p. 139.
Ayyashi, in a report about his first trip in the year 1353 AH/1934-5, writes about this mosque: 'A rectangular building made of mudbrick and mud, with a roof made of date palm wood and leaves, which caught the attention of the officials of the time and was expanded.<ref> ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.</ref>
Ayyashi, in a report about his first trip in the year 1353 Hijri Qamari, writes about this mosque: 'A rectangular building made of mudbrick and mud, with a roof made of date palm wood and leaves, which caught the attention of the officials of the time and was expanded.(14) ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258.


===The current state===
===The current state===
This mosque was reconstructed once during the era of the Al Saud in the year 1375 AH / 1955 AD.(15) Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.
This mosque was reconstructed once during the era of the [[Al Saud]] in the year 1375 AH / 1955 AD.<ref>Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 1, p. 184.</ref> And a minaret was built for it<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258. , Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 498.</ref> The mosque was reconstructed and expanded again in the year 1408 AH / 1988 AD.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 277.  , ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 259.</ref>
And a minaret was built for it(16) ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 258. , Kaʿakī, '' Ma ʿālim al-madina al-munawwara bayn al-ʿMārat wa al-Tārīkh'', vol. 4, p. 498.
Facilities such as baths, toilets, parking, a market, and a restaurant were built around it. The total area of the mosque along with its surroundings reaches 290,000 square meters, of which the mosque building and its associated buildings comprise 226,000 square meters.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 260.</ref>
The mosque was reconstructed and expanded again in the year 1408 AH / 1988 AD.(17) Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 277.  , ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 259.
Facilities such as baths, toilets, parking, a market, and a restaurant were built around it. The total area of the mosque along with its surroundings reaches 290,000 square meters, of which the mosque building and its associated buildings comprise 226,000 square meters.(18) ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-masajid al-atharīyya fī al-madīna al-nabawīyya'', p. 260.
==Miqaat for Hajj==
==Miqaat for Hajj==
Masjid al-Shajarah is one of the Miqats for Hajj(19) Kulaynī,''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 319.
Shajara mosque is one of the Miqats for [[Hajj]].<ref> Kulaynī,''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 319.</ref>
According to some historians, when the Prophet of Islam (PBUH) was setting out for Mecca to perform the Hajj, he would enter into the state of Ihram at this place.(20) Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 275.
According to some historians, when [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Prophet(s)]] was setting out for [[Mecca]] to perform the Hajj, he would enter into the state of [[Ihram]] at this place.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', vol. 1, p. 275.</ref>
Jurists consider Masjid al-Shajarah as one of the five Miqats for Hajj and believe that it is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from this city to Mecca.(21)*
Jurists consider Masjid al-Shajarah as one of the [[five Miqats]] for Hajj and believe that it is the Miqat for the people of Medina and those who travel from this city to Mecca.<ref>Shāhrūdī, ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt'', vol. 3, p. 712.</ref>
===The necessity of the people of Medina to enter Ihram at Masjid al-Shajarah===
===The necessity of the people of Medina to enter Ihram at Shajara mosque===
According to the prevalent opinion among Shia jurists, residents of Medina must enter Ihram at Masjid al-Shajarah, and it is not permissible for them to leave the Miqat of Masjid al-Shajarah without entering Ihram and go to another Miqat like Hujfah to enter Ihram there.(22)*
According to the prevalent opinion among Shia jurists, residents of Medina must enter Ihram at Shajara mosque, and it is not permissible for them to leave the Miqat of Shajara mosque without entering Ihram and go to another Miqat like [[Juhfa]] to enter [[Ihram]] there.<ref>https://miqat.hajj.ir/article_43464.html</ref>
Only for those who are excused (incapacitated or ill), is it permissible to enter Ihram from Juhfah.(23)* It has also been stated that this ruling applies to those who go from Medina to Dhul-Hulayfah and pass through without entering Ihram and reach Juhfah; however, if they do not pass through Dhul-Hulayfah and exit via another route to another Miqat, there is no issue, because passing through the Miqat in this manner is not conventionally considered crossing the Miqat.(24)*
Only for those who are excused (incapacitated or ill), is it permissible to enter Ihram from Juhfah.(23)* It has also been stated that this ruling applies to those who go from Medina to Dhul-Hulayfah and pass through without entering Ihram and reach Juhfah; however, if they do not pass through Dhul-Hulayfah and exit via another route to another Miqat, there is no issue, because passing through the Miqat in this manner is not conventionally considered crossing the Miqat.(24)*
===The exact location of the Miqat===
===The exact location of the Miqat===
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• Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .''Safarnāma makka''. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
• Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .''Safarnāma makka''. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
*Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. ''Farhang-i fiqh muṭābiq bā madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt''. Qom: Muʾassisat Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī, 1387 Sh.


Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.