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'''Elias (a)''' was one of the prophets of the Israelites. His name in the Holy Scriptures is recorded as "Eliya," which has become known in Arabic as "Elias ." The name of this prophet of God is mentioned twice in the Quran, where he is described as a believer, one of the righteous servants of God, and a sent prophet. According to some Islamic narrations, Elias (a) enjoys eternal life and every year accompanies [[Khidr (a)]] on the pilgrimage. | |||
==In the Bible== | |||
In the | Elias's name in Hebrew is derived from Eliya.<ref>Jawālīqī, ''Al-muʿrab min al-kalam al-aʿjamī''و p. 13; Jeffrey, ''wāzhihāy-i dakhīl dar qur'ān majīd'', p. 127; Hawkes, ''Qāmūs-i Kitāb-i Muqaddas'', p. 144.</ref> | ||
Elias is a prophet among the Israelites, whose name is recorded as "Eliya" in the Bible.<ref>Hawkes, ''Qāmūs-i Kitāb-i Muqaddas'', p. 144-145.</ref> It is said that through his supplication, he revived Jonah son of Amittai after several days of his death, as well as he healed [[Elisha]].<ref>Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 213; Ibn Khaldūn, ''Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn'', vol. 2, p. 102,112; Hawkes, ''Qāmūs-i Kitāb-i Muqaddas'', p. 145.</ref> | |||
==In the Quran== | |||
The Quran mentions Elias in two verses, acknowledging him as a believer, one of the righteous servants of God, and a sent prophet. It speaks of his efforts to combat the idolatry of his people and his call to them to piety and monotheism. (Sura Al-Saffat, 123; Surah Al-An'am, 85-86). Some argue that the Elias mentioned in verse 130 of Sura Al-Saffat is also the same Elias .<ref>Bayḍāwi,''Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-taʾwīl'', vol. 5, p. 18; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 5, p. 286.</ref> | |||
==Elias in Islamic Sources== | |||
Exegetical Sources<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 23, p. 109; Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 23, p. 138.</ref>) And Historical<ref>Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 212; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 5; Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād'', vol. 6, p. 318.</ref> | |||
Muslims consider Elias as a descendant of [['Imran]], the father of [[Moses(a)]] and [[Aaron(a)]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 461; Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 212; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 2, p. 5.</ref>According to narrations, he is known for his wisdom as a descendant of Aaron.<ref> Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 1, p. 227.</ref>He belongs to the lineage of [[Abraham (a)|Abraham(a)]], coming after [[the Prophet Ezekiel]] and preceding his disciple, [[Elisha]].<ref>Abū Riyḥān Bīrūnī, ''Āthār al-bāqiya'', p. 373; Māwirdī, ''Aʿlām al-nubuwwa'', p. 54; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 9, p. 206-209.</ref> | |||
He was stirred to prophethood.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 461</ref> | |||
He was sent to the people of Baalbek, a region of Syria, during the reign of King Ahab.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 461; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 9, p. 209; Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 212.</ref> He guided them and warned them about the worship of the idol [[Ba'l]].<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 461; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 9, p. 209; Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 212.</ref> He is known for destroying the idol of Ba'l.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 461; Ibn ʿAsākir, ''Tārīkh-i damishq'', vol. 9, p. 209; Ibn Athīr al-Jazarī, ''Al-Kāmil fī l-tārīkh'', vol. 1, p. 212; Nas, ''Tārīkh-i jāmiʿ-i Abd adyān'', p. 507.</ref> According to some sources, after his passing, he was buried in the region of Qalb, a land between [[Damascus]], Homs, and Ba'lbek.<ref>Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 1, p. 470; Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ'', vol. 1, p. 211.</ref> | |||
==The pilgrimage of Elias== | |||
According to some reports, Elias is among those who are believed to have attained eternal life.<ref> Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 361; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 394-395; Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 19, p. 144.</ref> | |||
They go for [[Hajj]] every year with [[Prophet Khidr]], and after performing the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|Hajj rituals]], they drink from the water of [[Zamzam]].<ref>Ibn al-Jawzī, ''Al-Muntaẓam fī tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk'', vol. 1, p. 361; Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 394. </ref> Also, in one report, the annual meeting of Khidr and Elias at '[['Arafat|Arafat]] is mentioned.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 394; Ibn Kathīr, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 242-243.</ref> Although some Muslim historians have expressed doubt about the accuracy of the narrations regarding Elias's eternal life.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'', vol. 1, p. 337.</ref> | |||
==Notes== | |||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | |||
==References== | |||
*Abū Riyḥān Bīrūnī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Āthār al-bāqiya''.Tehran: Mirāth-i Maktūb, 1422 AH. | |||
*Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d]. | |||
*Bayḍāwi, ʿAbd Allāh b. ʿUmar. ''Anwār al-tanzīl wa asrār al-taʾwīl''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1418 AH. | |||
.Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH. | .Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Al-Iṣāba fī tamyyīz al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1415 AH. | ||
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.Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1387 AH | .Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-.''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk''. Edited by Muḥammad Abu l-faḍl Ibrāhīm. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1387 AH | ||
.Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Ṣidqī Jamīl and ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH. | .Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Ṣidqī Jamīl and ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd Hindāwī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH. | ||
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.Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1365 AH. | .Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1365 AH. | ||
.Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH. | .Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. Edited by ʿĀdil Aḥmad ʿAbd al-Mawjūd and ʿAlī Muḥammad Muʿawwaḍ. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH. | ||
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.arthur Jeffrey, wāzhihāy-i dakhīl dar qur'ān majīd. Translated by Badrieī. Tehran: Tūs, 1372 sh. | .arthur Jeffrey, wāzhihāy-i dakhīl dar qur'ān majīd. Translated by Badrieī. Tehran: Tūs, 1372 sh. | ||
Ibn ʿAsākir, ʿAlī b. Ḥasan. Tārīkh-i damishq. Edited by ʿAmr-i b. Gharāma al-ʿAmrawī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH/ 1995. | |||