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From the apparent meaning of some verses, such as (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیت وُضِعَ لِلنّاس...) "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind..."<ref>Quran: 3:96.</ref> And explicit narratives indicate that the Ka'ba existed before Abraham and was built by [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 386; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 6, p. 290-291; Qummi Mashhadi, ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib'', vol. 1, p. 338-339.</ref> On the other hand, some scholars consider Abraham as the founder of the Kaaba and regard the accounts of Adam building the Ka'ba as weak.<ref>Ibn Kathīr,''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', Vol. 1, p. 391.</ref>
From the apparent meaning of some verses, such as (إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیت وُضِعَ لِلنّاس...) "Indeed, the first House [of worship] established for mankind..."<ref>Quran: 3:96.</ref> And explicit narratives indicate that the Ka'ba existed before Abraham and was built by [[Adam (Prophet)|Prophet Adam]].<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 386; Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqalānī,''Fatḥ al-bārī bi sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 6, p. 290-291; Qummi Mashhadi, ''Tafsīr kanz al-daqāʾiq wa bahr al-gharāʾib'', vol. 1, p. 338-339.</ref> On the other hand, some scholars consider Abraham as the founder of the Kaaba and regard the accounts of Adam building the Ka'ba as weak.<ref>Ibn Kathīr,''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', Vol. 1, p. 391.</ref>
Numerous narrations suggest that initially, the location of the Ka'ba was not known to Abraham, and it was Gabriel who taught him the place to build it.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 38.</ref>
Numerous narrations suggest that initially, the location of the Ka'ba was not known to Abraham, and it was Gabriel who taught him the place to build it.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 96, p. 38.</ref>
In the Quranic verses, there is no explicit mention of God commanding Abraham to build the [[Ka'ba]]. However, some narrations, which commentators have adhered to, state that God instructed him to build the Kaaba.(31)( Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p61,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'.vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p99)
In the Quranic verses, there is no explicit mention of God commanding Abraham to build the [[Ka'ba]]. However, some narrations, which commentators have adhered to, state that God instructed him to build the Ka'ba.<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 61; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'', vol. 1, p. 189; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 99.</ref>
Abraham was not alone in building the Kaaba; Ishmael assisted him by fetching bricks or stones, and Abraham constructed it.(32)( Thaʿlabī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p274,,, Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p292,,, Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1p389)
Abraham was not alone in building the Ka'ba; Ishma'il assisted him by fetching bricks or stones, and Abraham constructed it.<ref>Thaʿlabī, ''Al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 274; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 292; Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 389.</ref>
In some narratives, assistance from angels to them is also mentioned.<ref>ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 9, p. 213.</ref>The building materials were a type of red brick or stone brought from five different mountains surrounding the Kaaba, and according to one narrative, they were brought from the [[Mount Tuwa]].<ref>Qummī, ''Tafsīr al-Qummī'', vol. 1, p. 62; ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 9, p. 213; Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī'', vol. 1, p. 189.</ref>
==Maqam Ibrahim==
The [[Maqam Ibrahim]](Station of Abraham) next to the Ka'ba is another trace of Abraham: "وَإِذ جَعَلنَا البَیتَ مَثَابَةً لِّلنَّاسِ وَأَمْنًا وَاتَّخِذُوا مِن مَّقَامِ إِبرَاهِیمَ مُصَلًّی Thus we set up the House as a resort for mankind and a sanctuary, and [said]: "Adopt Abraham's station as a place for prayer.<ref>Quran: 2:125.</ref>
It is said that this is the same stone that he placed under his feet when building the Ka'ba. Some have also considered the Ka'ba itself as the Station of Abraham.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 746-747; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 4, p. 54.</ref>
==Calling people to Hajj==
According to narratives, after the construction of the Ka'ba, Abraham was commanded by God to call upon the people for [[Hajj]]: (و‌أَذِّن فی النّاسِ بِالحَجّ... "and proclaim among men the Pilgrimage, ...")<ref>Quran: 22:27.</ref>
He stood on [[Mount Abu Qubays]], placing his hand on his ear and cried out: "O people! Answer the call of your Lord." [[The tribe of Jurhum]], a Yemeni tribe, were the first to respond to his call.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 205; ʿAynī, ''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 9, p. 128; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 15.</ref>


In some narratives, assistance from angels to them is also mentioned. (33)( ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''.vol9.p213) The building materials were a type of red brick or stone brought from five different mountains surrounding the Kaaba, and according to one narrative, they were brought from the Mount Tuwa. (34) Qummī, ʿAlī b. Ibrāhīm al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qummī''.vol1.p62,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī; Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī.vol9.p213,,, Fayḍ al-Kāshānī, Mullā Muḥsin. ''Tafsīr al-Ṣāfī.vol1.p189)
==Abraham's Hajj==
The Station of Abraham
From the apparent meaning of the Quranic verses, it is understood that Abraham was not familiar with the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj]]. Therefore, he asked God to teach him: (... وأَرِنا مَناسِکنا..."...Show us our ceremonies...")<ref>Quran: 2:128.</ref>
The Station of Abraham next to the Kaaba is another trace of Abraham (peace be upon him): "And [mention] when We made the House a place of return for the people and [a place of] security. And take, [O believers], from the standing place of Abraham a place of prayer(35)***
Scholars of narrations have mentioned that Gabriel taught the rituals of Hajj to Abraham.<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā'', vol. 1, p. 189; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 1, p. 137; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 100.</ref>
It is said that this is the same stone that he placed under his feet when building the Kaaba. Some have also considered the Kaaba itself as the Station of Abraham. (36)( Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p746-747,,, Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr.vol4.p54)
There is no specific report regarding the number of pilgrimages performed by Abraham; it is said that Abraham's first pilgrimage was after the construction of the [[Ka'ba|House of God]].<ref>Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā'', vol. 1, p. 189; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 100.</ref>
According to narratives, after the construction of the Kaaba, Ibrahim was commanded by God to call upon the people for Hajj: "And proclaim to the people the Hajj [pilgrimage]..."(37)***
This view is also supported by those who consider him as the founder of the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 462.</ref>
He stood on Mount Abu Qubais, placing his hand on his ear and cried out: "O people! Answer the call of your Lord." The tribe of Jurhum, a Yemeni tribe, were the first to respond to his call.(38)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p205,,, ʿAynī, Maḥmūd b. Aḥmad. ''ʿUmdat al-qarī.vol9.p128,,, Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''.vol11.p15)
However, there are narrations indicating that Abraham's first pilgrimage was before the construction of the Ka'ba.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 202-203.</ref>
 
The pilgrimage of Ibrahim (peace be upon him)
From the apparent meaning of the Quranic verses, it is understood that Ibrahim was not familiar with the rituals of Hajj. Therefore, he asked God to teach him: "...and show us our rites [of worship]..."(39)***
Scholars of narrations have mentioned that Gabriel taught the rituals of Hajj to Ibrahim.(40)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā.vol1.p189,,, Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr.vol1.p137)(41)( Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
There is no specific report regarding the number of pilgrimages performed by Ibrahim; it is said that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was after the construction of the House of God.(42)( Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Qiṣaṣ al-anbīyā..vol1.p189,,, Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār.vol12.p100)
This view is also supported by those who consider him as the founder of the Kaaba.(43)( Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān.vol1.p462)
However, there are narrations indicating that Ibrahim's first pilgrimage was before the construction of the Kaaba.(44)( Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī'.vol4.p202-203)
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==Notes==
==Notes==