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→The weaving of the Ka'ba's curtain in Egypt
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===The weaving of the Ka'ba's curtain in Egypt=== | ===The weaving of the Ka'ba's curtain in Egypt=== | ||
After the extinction of the Abbasids (in 659 | After the extinction of the Abbasids (in 659 AH/ 1260-1), providing the covering for the Ka'ba became the exclusive responsibility of the rulers of [[Egypt]] from 661 AH/1262-3 onward.<ref>Amīn, ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'', p. 360.</ref> During the Ottoman Empire era, the weaving of the curtain also took place in Egypt.<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Al-Dhaw ʾ al-lāmiʿ'', vol. 4, p. 26; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 320.</ref> In Egypt, since the [[Mamluk era]], endowments and special workshops were allocated for the production of materials for fabric weaving.<ref>Sakhāwī, ''Al-Tuḥfat al-laṭīfa fī tārīkh al-Madīna al-sharīfa'', vol. 2, p. 107; Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 123; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 317; Imām Aḥmad, ''Fī riḥāb al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', p. 216; Ḥamdī, ''Mawsū ʿa al-mafāhīm'', vol. 1, p. 553.</ref> | ||
===The curtain-weaving workshop in Mecca=== | |||
With the establishment of the [[Al Saud government]], a workshop in [[Mecca]] was dedicated to the weaving of the curtain.<ref>Daqan, ''Kaʿba wa Jamie ān'', p. 172; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 347.</ref> This practice continued until 1358/ 1939-40 when the Egyptian government requested Abdulaziz to allow the transportation of another curtain from Egypt. Abdulaziz accepted this request, and the workshop was closed. The curtain was once again brought from Egypt. This continued until 1382/1962-3 when, due to the disagreement between Egypt and Saudi Arabia, the sending of the Kaaba's covering from Egypt was halted. Since then, the weaving of the Kaaba's curtain in Mecca has continued in the remaining curtain workshop.<ref>Imām Aḥmad, ''Fī riḥāb al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', vol. 1, p. 215; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 331-332; Daqan, Kaʿba wa Jamie ān, p. 175-178.</ref> | |||
==The size and weight of the Ka'ba's curtain== | |||
The curtain-weaving workshop in Mecca | The Ka'ba's curtain is composed of five main parts, each covering one side of the Kaaba. The fifth piece encompasses the Kaaba's door, known as the "Burqa'." In total, the Ka'ba's garment consists of 54 pieces, with each piece measuring 14 meters in length and 95 centimeters in width. The total area of the curtain is 2650 square meters, and its weight reaches two tons.<ref>Imām Aḥmad, ''Fī riḥāb al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', vol. 1, p. 215; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 474.</ref> Many of the pieces, inscriptions, and patterns on the Ka'ba's curtain are adorned with gilding.<ref>Sādiqī Ardistānī, ''Hajj az mīqāt tā mīʿād'', vol. 55, p. 133.</ref> | ||
With the establishment of the Al Saud government, a workshop in Mecca was dedicated to the weaving of the curtain. | ==The belt around the Ka'ba's curtain== | ||
The "Hizam" refers to the belt or band around the Ka'ba's curtain. The belt is made of black silk fabric and is adorned with patterns and Quranic verses in Thuluth script. The belt is composed of 16 pieces, with a circumference of 47 meters and a width of 95 centimeters. Quranic verses are inscribed on the belt, and at specified intervals, phrases such as "یا حی یا قیوم," "یا رحمن یا رحیم," and "الحمد لله رب العالمین" are embellished with golden letters.<ref>Imām Aḥmad, ''Fī riḥāb al-bayt al-ʿatīq'', vol. 1, p. 215; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 474.</ref> | |||
The | ==The curtain in the Ka'ba== | ||
The | The curtain of the Kaaba's door, known as the "Borqa'," is made of black silk fabric and is adorned with Quranic verses and Islamic decorations in gold and silver. Additionally, Surah Al-Fatiha is inscribed on it from three directions. The Borqa' is made of silk, with a height of 5.7 meters and a width of four meters.<ref>Qalashqandī, ''Ṣubḥ al-aʿshā'', vol. 4, p. 282; Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 258; Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 358.</ref> | ||
The | The verses inscribed on the Kaaba's curtain are as follows: | ||
The verses inscribed on the Ka'ba's curtain and belt are as follows (from top to bottom on the curtain): | |||
1. "قَدْ نَرَىٰ تَقَلُّبَ وَجْهِكَ فِي السَّمَاءِ فَلَنُوَلِّيَنَّكَ قِبْلَةً تَرْضَاهَا" | |||
(We have seen thee turning thy face about in the heaven now We will surely turn thee to a direction that shall satisfy .) <ref>Sura Al-Baqarah, 2:144.</ref> | |||
2. بِسْمِ اللهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِیمِ* رَبِّ اَدْخِلْنی مُدْخَلَ صِدْقٍ وَ اَخْرِجْنی مُخْرَجَ صِدْقٍ وَ اجْعَلْ لی مِنْ لَدُنْکَ سُلْطاناً نَصیراً | |||
And say: My Lord, lead me in with a just in going, and lead me out with a just outgoing; grant me authority from Thee, to help me.<ref>sura Al-Isra, 17:80.</ref> | |||
Additionally, other verses, chapters, and phrases are written on the curtain and belt. | Additionally, other verses, chapters, and phrases are written on the curtain and belt.<ref>Bāslāma, ''Tārīkh al-kaʿba al-muʿaẓẓama'', p. 311-352; ''Mawsū ʿa al-ʿarabīyya al-ʿālimīyya'', vol. 19, p. 319; Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 89.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||