Jump to content

User:Pourghorbani: Difference between revisions

User:Pourghorbani (view source)

Revision as of 11:19, 26 February 2024

40 bytes removed ,  26 February
no edit summary
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Building
The tomb of Hazrat Khadijah
| title = Musalla of the Prophet'''<small>(PBUH)</small>
The tomb of Hazrat Khadijah (PBUH), the resting place of Khadijah, the daughter of Khuwaylid and the wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), is located in the cemetery of Abu Talib (Jannat al-Ma'la or Hajun) in Mecca.
| image =
| image size =
| image link =
| image description =
| other names =
| place = Manakhah in the west of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] in [[Medina]]
| usage =
| religious affiliation =
| beliefs =
| rituals =
| rulings =
| pilgrims =
| visitors =
| time of construction =
| founder =
| events =
| reconstructions =
| reconstructors =
| missing parts =
| historical features =
| trustee =
| space =
| length =
| width =
| height =
| status =
| capacity =
| facilities =
| parts =
| architect =
| style =
| properties =
| domes =
| minarets =
| doors =
| porticos =
| courts =
| verandas =
| affiliated entity =
| maintaining entity =
| administrator =
| imam of prayer =
| subsidiary entities =
| registered in =
| registration no. =
| registration date =
| website =
| latitude =  24.465864450446933
| longitude = 39.60695433493071
| map description =
}}
'''Musalla of the Prophet'''<small>(PBUH)</small> was an open area without any buildings to the west of the [[Masjid al-Nabī|Prophet's Mosque]], where the Prophet Muhammad <small>(PBUH)</small> used to perform the [[Eid prayers]]. This location, originally used as a resting place for the camels of caravans and the market of [[Medina]], was known as [[Minakhah]], later referred to as the [[Musalla Square]]


Three mosques were eventually built in this area: [[the Mosque of Ghamama]] (or Masjid al-Musalla), [[the Mosque of Ali ibn Abi Talib]], and [[the Mosque of Abu Bakr]]. It is reported that the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> performed various prayers, including the Eid prayers([[Eid al-Adha]] and [[Eid al-fitr]]), [[the prayers for rain]], and some other prayers, such as the funeral prayer for the [[Negus of Abyssinia]], in this Musalla.
Historical sources mention the burial of Khadijah (PBUH) in Hajun, but the exact location of her grave was not known until the first half of the eighth century Hijri. From the mid-8th century Hijri, a location in the Ma'la cemetery in Mecca was identified as the burial place of Hazrat Khadijah, and a tombstone was erected for her. Later, a tall dome was constructed over the shrine in the later centuries. The shrine was demolished in 1218 by the Wahhabis but was later reconstructed. However, it was demolished again in 1343 with the establishment of the Saudi government.
==Location==
Lady Khadijah (PBUH).
Khadijah (PBUH), the daughter of Khuwaylid ibn Asad, was the first wife of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).(1) Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad. ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq: al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya li Ibn Isḥāq'' .p245,,, Ibn Maghāzīlī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''.vol 1.p149,,, Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''.p39-40)
The Noble Prophet (PBUH) married Khadijah at the age of 25.(2) Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''.p39-40)
From this marriage, six children were born: two sons named Qasim and Abdullah, and four daughters named Zainab, Ruqayyah, Umm Kulthum, and Fatimah (PBUH).3***
In a narration, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) identifies Lady Khadijah (PBUH), Fatimah (PBUH), Maryam (Mary), and Asiya as the leaders of the women of the world.(4)( Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'.vol2.p129)
Khadijah lived for approximately 25 years with Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). She passed away on the 10th of Ramadan in the year 10 of the Islamic calendar, during the time of the Prophet's mission in Medina.(5)( Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'',vol8,p14,,, Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''.vol 1.p416)
Location of the Grave


The Prophet's  Musalla in [[Medina]] was an open area without any buildings to the west of the [[Masjid al-Nabī|Prophet's Mosque]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 122.</ref>This area was known as [[Minakhah]], used as a resting place for camels and as the location for the market of Medina. It was also referred to as the [[Musalla Square]], the prayer ground.<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 223.</ref>
Sources have reported the burial of Hazrat Khadijah in the cemetery of Hajun. This is the same cemetery that was situated in Bab al-Mu'alla and is also known as the Bab al-Mu'alla Cemetery.(6)( Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ.vol6.p30)
However, the earliest reports about the exact location of her grave date back to the eighth century and have been recorded in historical sources. The precise location of her grave was unknown before that. Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH) in the sixth century reported that the graves in the cemetery of Hajun in Bab al-Mu'alla were ruined and forgotten.(7)( • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''.p78)
Taqī al-Dīn, who visited Mecca in the year 696, mentions that the people of Mecca say the grave of Khadijah (PBUH) is in Shu'bah, located on the side of Ma'la, but no grave is visible there.(8)) • Tajībī, Qāsim b. Yūsuf.Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb..p340-341)
Since the eighth century Hijri, the grave of Hazrat Khadijah gained prominence in Jannat al-Ma'la and has been mentioned in various sources. Ibn Battuta, who resided in Mecca in the years 729-730, reported that in the Ma'la cemetery, only a small number of graves, including the grave of Hazrat Khadijah, were recognized.(9)( Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa,vol 1.p381,,, Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī. Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya.vol 1.p468)
Marjani (770 AH), an eighth-century geographer, reported that the exact location of Hazrat Khadijah's grave in Mecca was unknown. However, it was revealed to one of the righteous individuals in a dream or a state of spiritual unveiling that her grave is next to the grave of Fudayl ibn 'Iyad. In 749 AH, a stone was placed at that location.(10)( Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār .vol2.p1016)
Fasi (d. 832 AH), a renowned Meccan historian, expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave to Khadijah (PBUH). He argued that in Ma'la, none of the companions of the Prophet (PBUH) were buried.(11)( Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām.vol1.p376)
Some contemporary researchers have also expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave.(12)( • Jāsir, Ḥamad al-. Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira.vol ¾.p278-279)


===The Prophet's  Prayer rooms in Minakhah===
Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum
In the sources, reference has been made to places in Minakhah where the Prophet performed the Eid prayers. It should be noted that the locations identified as the Prophet's prayer rooms based on these narratives did not exist during the Prophet's time; they were constructed later.<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 224-225.</ref>
For the first time in 749 AH, a stone with the inscription "This is the grave of Lady Khadijah" was placed on her grave. The dome of the mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah (on the right) and her son Qasim (on the left) is shown in the image before its demolition.(13) Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.vol 2.p646)
According to the narrations transmitted by Ibn Shubba, the Prophet performed the Eid prayers in the following locations, all of which are in Minakhah:<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 133-135.</ref>
Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave.(14) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647)
In the year 950 AH, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum.(15) (Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647
He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine.(16)( Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām.p647 ,,, Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol2.p150)
After being demolished by the hands of the Al Saud, the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH.(17)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p151)
And it remained intact until the fourteenth century AH. Reports indicate that fabrics were sent by the Ottoman rulers of Egypt to be used on the shrine's box during this period.(18)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām.vol 2.p170)
Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries AH have mentioned the mausoleum of Khadijah. For example, Farahani in 1302 AH mentioned the wooden mausoleum.(19)( Farāhānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī.p202)
Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah (PBUH).(20) (Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn ,vol1.p30)
Destruction of the Mausoleum
With the rise of Wahhabism in Mecca and the establishment of the first Saudi state, all structures and domes in Jannat al-Ma'la were demolished on Thursday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH. The graves in this cemetery were leveled with the ground.(21)( • ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.Manāʾiḥ al-karam.vol 4.p422,,, Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'.p27)
After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of Hazrat Khadijah. However, this structure was also demolished in 1343 AH following the establishment of the third Saudi state.(22)( Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām..vol 2.p151)


*Near Dar al-Shifa,
*In Harat al-Dawus,
*In the house of Hakim ibn 'Adda,
*In the residence of the family of Dura,
*In the house of Kathir ibn al-Salt,
*Next to the stones at the Hanatin,
*In the fortress of Bani Zariq.


References


==The mosques of Musalla in Minakhah==
.Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
The mosques of Musalla in Minakhah were not built during the time of the Prophet and the caliphs. The construction of these mosques took place for the first time during the reign of Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, the governor of Medina.<ref>Samhūdī,  ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 122.</ref>
.Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī Tāzī. Rabat: Ākādimīyya al-Mamlikat al-Maghribīyya, 1417 AH.
During his time, many of the Prophet's Musalla were transformed into mosques. The ancient mosques built in the Musalla  area include three mosques: [[Ghamama Mosque]], [[Mosque of Ali ibn Abi Talib]], and [[Mosque of Abu Bakr]].<ref>Samhūdī,  ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 122-123.</ref>
.Farāhānī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn. ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī''. Tehran: Firdaws, 1362 Sh.
In the ninth century, within the same vicinity, [[a mosque named after Umar ibn Khattab]] was also constructed. Additionally, in the fifteenth century, another mosque in mosque of Musalla was built, named [[Mosque of Uthman]].<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī,  ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 223.</ref>
• ʿAlī b. Tāj al-ddīn al-sanjārī.Manāʾiḥ al-karam. Mecca: umm al-qurā university, 1998.
Some researchers have studied the mosque called [[Masjid al-Qashla]].<ref>Khiyārī, ''Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan'', p. 148.</ref>
.Amīn, Sayyid Muḥsin al-. ''Kashf al-irtīyāb''. Edited by Ḥasan al-Amīn. Qom: Maktabat al-Ḥarīs, 1382 AH.
And the mosque named [[Masjid al-Bilal]] in Minakhah.<ref>Khiyārī, ''Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan'', p. 148.</ref>
.Shahīdī, Sayyid Jaʿfar. ''Tārīkh-i taḥlīlī-yi Islām''. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Dānishgāhī, 1390 Sh.
They have also considered it as one of the mosques in the Prophet's Musalla  in Minakhah.
• Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
===The Ghamama Mosque===
• Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1420 AH.
The Mosque of Masjid al- Musalla or Ghamama is built in a location where the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> used to perform prayers in the last years of his life.<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 223.</ref>
.Ibn Maghāzīlī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Manāqib ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib''. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwaʾ, 1424 AH.
===The Mosque of Abu Bakr===
.Shahīd al-Awwal, Muḥammad b. Makkī. Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī (Jāmiʿat al-Mudarrisīn,1417 AH.
During his caliphate, Abu Bakr performed the Eid prayers in a place of Minakhah, and later, the Mosque of Abu Bakr was built in that place.<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 223.</ref>
• Ṣabbāgh, Muḥammad. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-marām. Mecca, Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
===The Mosque of Ali ibn Abi Talib <small>(AS)</small>===
Ali ibn Abi Talib <small>(AS)</small> also performed the Eid prayers in a specific location within this Musalla , and later, a mosque was built in that place named after him.<ref>ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 223.</ref>


===Location Map of the Musalla's Mosques===
• Jāsir, Ḥamad al-. Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira. Riyadh: [[n.p]], [[n.d]].
.Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
• Tajībī, Qāsim b. Yūsuf.Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb.  Edited by ʿAbd al-Ḥafiẓ Mansūr. Tunisia, Dār al- ʿarabīyya li-l kitāb, 1975.


The image below illustrates the distance of theMusalla's Mosques to one of the corners of the current [[Masjid al-Nabī|Prophet's Mosque]] building.
.Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad. ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq: al-Sīra al-Nabawiyya li Ibn Isḥāq''. Edited by Aḥmad Farīd al-Mazīdī''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1424 AH.
 
.Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
 
• Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002.
[[file:نقشه مسجدهای مصلا.png|وسط|بی‌قاب|593x593px|جایگزین=مسجدهای مصلا در مناخه]]
.. Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
 
. Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
 
. • Gāzī, ʿAbdullāh b. Muḥammad al-. Ifādat al-anām. Mecca: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1430 AH.
==The Prophet's prayers in the Musalla==
. ( Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām
It has been narrated that the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small>, on the day of [[Eid al-Fitr]] and [[Eid al-Adha]], used to go to the Musalla. He would first perform the prayer and then stand in front of the people. While they were seated in prayer rows, he would address them. In one report, it is mentioned that the Prophet once prayed the [[Fajr prayer]] in his mosque, then went to the prayer ground, where he sat and spoke to the people. After the sun had risen, he performed the Eid prayer and then delivered a sermon. It is reported that the Prophet prayed the Eid prayer for the first time in the second year in the Musalla.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 134.</ref>
===spear===
It is also narrated that on the day of Eid, beforehand, the Prophet would carry a tall staff (spear). During the prayer, this staff would be planted in the ground, and the Prophet would pray facing towards it.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 139-141.</ref>
It is said that this spear was gifted to the Prophet by Najashi (the Negus of Abyssinia).<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 139.</ref>
 
===The Prophet's way to the Musalla===
In a collection of narrations mentioned by Ibn Shubba in his book, it is emphasized that on the day of Eid, the Prophet would go to the prayer ground through one route and return through another.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 136-137.</ref>
===The Rain Prayer===
 
It is narrated that once the Prophet performed the [[rain-seeking prayer]] ([[Salat al-Istisqa]]) in a place called [[Zoraa]], located in the Masjid al-musalla in Minakhah field. <ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 135.</ref>
 
===The Prayer for Najashi===
 
It is reported that after the death of [[Najashi]], the king of Abyssinia, the Prophet prayed for him from a distance at the Musalla.
===Supplication===
 
It is also narrated that when the Prophet returned from a journey and passed by the prayer ground (Masjid-i-Masalla), he would stand facing the [[Qibla]] and supplicate.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 138.</ref>
 
==The Pulpit of Musalla==
 
During the time of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> and until the era of [[Marwan ibn Hakam]], the Prophet's Musalla did not have a pulpit. It is reported that after performing the prayer, the Prophet would stand in front of the worshipers and deliver a sermon.<ref>Samhūdī,  ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 125.</ref>
However, during the time of Marwan ibn Hakam, a pulpit was placed in the prayer ground. Marwan would deliver a sermon before performing the prayer, as it was believed that after the prayer, people might not stay to hear his words.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 126.</ref>
Some narrations also attribute the use of the pulpit and delivering the sermon before the prayer to [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref>Samhūdī,  ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 3, p. 127-128.</ref>
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
==References==
{{References}}
*ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, Muḥammad ʾIlyās. Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara. Medina: [n.p], 2000.
*Khiyārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan. Riyadh: al-Amāna alʿāmma li-liḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā tʾsīs al-mamlika al- ʿarabiyya al-suʿūdiyya, 1419 AH/1999.
*Numīrī, Ibn Shubba. ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1380 sh.
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
{{end}}
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/view/Special:MobileDiff/2370"