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Mount Thawr has an elevation of 759 meters above sea level and is situated in the south of [[Mecca]], along the route to [[Yemen]]. It is located three kilometers from [[Masjid al-haram|Masjid al-Haram]] and is opposite M[[ount Noor]] and the [[Cave of Hira]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'',  vol. 2, p. 384.</ref> This mountain is composed of rocks with golden, silvery, and coal-like colors.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā,''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref>

==Reason for Naming==

It is said that [[Thawr b. Abd Manat]] was born in the foothills of this mountain, and from that time, this place became famous as Thawr Aṭḥal. Later, the name Thawr prevailed over it.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 2, p.86-87; Dīyārbakrī, ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref>

This mountain is also mentioned by the name Abu Thawr.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 83.</ref> It is possible that the southern view of it resembles a cow (Thawr).<ref>Bilādī, ''Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya'', p. 72.</ref> Or the collective residence of a group called Bani Thawr in this mountain and its surrounding areas<ref>Āl-i Basām, ''Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya'', vol. 9, p. 218.</ref> May be the reason for this naming.

==Cave of Thawr==

This mountain is renowned among Muslims and is considered sacred, as the Prophet sought refuge in a cave on this mountain for several days during his migration to Medina, escaping from the pursuit of polytheists.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 464.</ref> On top of the mountain, there are two caves close to each other, both considered hiding places of the Prophet (peace be upon him) during his migration to Yathrib (later known as Medina). Considering the guidance of [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Amer ibn Fuhayrah]], the guide of the journey, it can be said that the larger cave served as the location of concealment. Verse 40 of Surah At-Tawbah, in which Allah reports the support of the Prophet and his companion, refers to this event and the cave.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'',vol. 6, p. 184; Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 58.</ref>

==Narratives About Mount Thawr==

In a narration, Mount Thawr is mentioned as the place where Abel (Habil) was killed.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'',  p. 301; Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> According to some narrations, Mount Thawr is considered one of the remnants of a mountain that disintegrated after the manifestation of the power of God upon [[Prophet Moses]] (peace be upon him).<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 82; Khārazmī, ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 2, p. 311.</ref>

And it is also counted as one of the mountains attached to the seventh layer of the Earth.<ref> Marjānī, ''Bahjat al-nufūs'', vol. 1, p. 336.</ref> In another narration, this mountain is said to have called the Prophet (peace be upon him) towards itself and reported sheltering seventy prophets.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 300.</ref>(14)

Mount Thawr is known as a place where prayers are fulfilled, especially during the noon.<ref>Khārazmī,  ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 1, p. 236.</ref> It is also recommended to perform prayers in the [[Cave of Thawr]].<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 35.</ref>

[[Sheikh Murteza Ansari]], the esteemed Shiite scholar, has mentioned a special prayer in his rituals to be recited on Mount Thawr.<ref>Hajj Research Center. ''Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama'', p. 204-205.</ref>

• Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.