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Mawlid al-Nabi: Difference between revisions
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===Until the Third/Ninth Century=== | ===Until the Third/Ninth Century=== | ||
According to al-Azraqi in his book ''Akhbar Makka'', who lived in the third/ninth century, ''Mawlid al-Nabi'', or the house where the Prophet(s) was born, fell into the hands of [['Aqil]], son of [[Abu Talib]], after Hijra, and was passed on to 'Aqil's children until it was sold to Muhammad b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi | According to al-Azraqi in his book ''Akhbar Makka'', who lived in the third/ninth century, ''Mawlid al-Nabi'', or the house where the Prophet(s) was born, fell into the hands of [['Aqil]], son of [[Abu Talib]], after Hijra, and was passed on to 'Aqil's children until it was sold to Muhammad b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi added it to his house known as the ''White House''. When Khayzran, the mother of [[Harun al-Rashid]], performed [[hajj]] in 171/788, she bought it and built a mosque in it. Al-Azraqi states that the people of [[Mecca]] have no discord about the Prophet's birthplace.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 198.</ref> The same report was also given by al-Fakihi (245/859-60), another historian of Mecca.<ref>Fakihi, ''Akhbar Makka fi qadim al-dahr wa haithih'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref> | ||
===Ibn Jubayr's Report (Seventh/Thirteenth Century)=== | ===Ibn Jubayr's Report (Seventh/Thirteenth Century)=== | ||
[[Ibn Jubayr]] (614/1217-18) visited the mosque in 579/1184 and described it in his travelogue.<ref> | [[Ibn Jubayr]] (614/1217-18) visited the mosque in 579/1184 and described it in his travelogue.<ref>Jubayr, ''Safarnāma-yi Ibn Jubayr'', p. 82, 125.</ref> He describes the building to be a magnificent mosque that "opens on Mondays in the month of Rabi' I, which is the month of the Prophet's birth, and people will come there on that day to obtain grace and blessings, and other holy places will also be opened on the same day."<ref>Jubayr, ''Safarnāma-yi Ibn Jubayr'', p. 154.</ref> | ||
According to Ibn Jubayr, the Prophet's birthplace in this mosque is built in the form of a small pond with a width of three spans, in the middle of which is a green marble with a width of two-thirds of a span, covered in silver. The [[mihrab]] of the mosque is located in front of this place.<ref> | According to Ibn Jubayr, the Prophet's birthplace in this mosque is built in the form of a small pond with a width of three spans, in the middle of which is a green marble with a width of two-thirds of a span, covered in silver. The [[mihrab]] of the mosque is located in front of this place.<ref>Jubayr, ''Safarnāma-yi Ibn Jubayr'', p. 126-127.</ref> | ||
===Al-Fasi's Report (Ninth/Fifteenth Century)=== | ===Al-Fasi's Report (Ninth/Fifteenth Century)=== | ||
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===Evliya Çelebi's Report (Eleventh/Seventeenth Century)=== | ===Evliya Çelebi's Report (Eleventh/Seventeenth Century)=== | ||
Two and a half centuries later, in 1081/1670-71, the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi saw Mawlid al-Nabi(s) and described it in his book. He described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Çelebi mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and a gilded door. According to him, the Prophet's birthplace was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.<ref> | Two and a half centuries later, in 1081/1670-71, the Turkish traveler Evliya Çelebi saw Mawlid al-Nabi(s) and described it in his book. He described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Çelebi mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and a gilded door. According to him, the Prophet's birthplace was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.<ref>Çelebi, ''al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāzīyya'', pp. 255-256</ref> | ||
===Last Descriptions Before Destruction=== | ===Last Descriptions Before Destruction=== | ||
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* In 935/1528-29, King Sulayman; | * In 935/1528-29, King Sulayman; | ||
* In 1009/1600-1, by the order of King Muhammad under the supervision of Ghadanfar Agha <ref> | * In 1009/1600-1, by the order of King Muhammad under the supervision of Ghadanfar Agha <ref>Sanjārī, ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam'', vol. 3, p. 506.</ref> In this reconstruction, a large dome and a minaret were built for this building, endowments were assigned for it, and a mu'azzin, a servant, and an imam for congregational prayer were assigned for the mosque by the Ottoman government.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Tārikh Makka'', vol. 2, p. 15.</ref> | ||
* In 1230, Muhammad 'Ali Pasha of [[Egypt]] | * In 1230/1850, Muhammad 'Ali Pasha of [[Egypt]] by the order of King Muhammad Khan. | ||
* The last repair is said to have been in the time of 'Abd al-Majid Khan.<ref> | * The last repair is said to have been in the time of 'Abd al-Majid Khan.<ref>Makkī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 71.</ref> | ||
==Prophet's | ==Prophet's Birthday Celebration in Mawlid al-Nabi Mosque== | ||
In the 6th century, Ibn Jubayr reported the | In the 6th/12th century, Ibn Jubayr reported the gathering of the people of Mecca in the Mawlid al-Nabi Mosque on Monday in the month of Rabi' I to celebrate the Prophet's birthday.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnama Ibn Jubayr'', p. 154.</ref> There are reports of the celebration of the birth of the Prophet in this place in later centuries. | ||
Muhammad b. Ahmad Nahrawali (d. | Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Nahrawali (d. 990/1582) gave a detailed report about the ritual of the Prophet's birthday in the 10th/16th century. According to him, every year on the eve of [[Rabi' I]] 12, after Maghrib prayer, the jurists, nobles, grandees, and people, while carrying candles and torches, gather before the supervisor of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] and the judges of four Sunni denominations, and from al-Masjid al-Haram to Suq al-Layl and Mawlid al-Nabi place and enter it and gather near the birthplace of the Prophet(s). A sermon is read there, and after that, people come to al-Masjid al-Haram, and some officials of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] are given robes, and the [['Isha' prayer]] is held, and the ceremony ends.<ref>Nahrawānī, ''al-Iʿlām bi-aʿlām Bayt Allāh al-harām'', p. 422.</ref>More than a century later, a travel writer who went on [[Hajj]] in 1105-1106 AH narrated the same report of Nahrawali and described this event as a big gathering in which many bedouins and residents of other cities participated.<ref>Nāblusī, ''Al-Ḥaqīqa wa l-majāz'', vol. 3, p. 354-355.</ref> | ||
[[ | [[file:تصویر قدیمی مکتبه مکه مکرمه.jpg|An old picture of the library building|thumbnail]] | ||
==Destruction | ==Destruction and Construction of the Library== | ||
In the [[House of Sa'ud]] | In the [[House of Sa'ud]] rule, the building of Mawlid al-Nabi, like many old buildings in Mecca, was destroyed in the year 1343/1924-25 under the pretext that people were seeking blessings in it.<ref>Bilādī, ''Maʿālim Makka'', p. 294.</ref> | ||
Later, | Later, because there was no grave to be visited in this place, some people tried to get permission to rebuild it. In 1370/1950-51, permission was issued to build a library in the place. | ||
The | The construction cost was paid by Fatima, daughter of Yusuf al-Qattan, and her brother Shaykh 'Abbas al-Qattan (d. 1370/1950-51) supervised the construction of the building, and after his death, his sons finished the construction of the building. In this way, the Library of Makkah al-Mukarrma was built in this place.<ref>Abū Sulaymān, ''Maktabat Makka al-mukarrama'', p. 80.</ref> | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | {{Notes}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
* | * ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Ibrāhīm Abū Sulaymān. ''Maktabat Makka al-mukarrama qadīman wa ḥadīthan''. Riyadh: Maktaba al-Malik Fahd al-Waṭanīyya, 1433AH. | ||
* Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fī-hā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403AH. | |||
* | * Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb al-. ''Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāzīyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīnīyya, n.d. | ||
* Bilādī, ʿĀtiq al-.''Maʿālim Makka al-tārikhīyya wa al-atharīyya''. Dār Makka: 1400 AH. | |||
* | * Çelebi, Evliya. ''Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāzīyya''. Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabīyya, 1420 AH. | ||
* | * Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-.''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi-akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Edited by ʿUmar ʿAbd al-Salām al-Tadmurī. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH. | ||
* Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Safarnāma-yi Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwīz Atābakī. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1370 Sh. | |||
* Makkī,ʿAbd Allāh Ghāzī al-.''Ifādat al-anām bi-akhbār Balad Allah al-ḥarām''. | |||
*Jubayr, | * Nāblusī, ʿAbd al-Ghanī al-. ''Al-Ḥaqīqa wa l-majāz fī raḥlat al-bilād al-Shām wa Misr wa al-Ḥijāz''. Damascus: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1419AH. | ||
* | * Nahrawālī al-Makkī, Quṭb al-Dīn al-.''Al-Iʿlām bi-aʿlām Bayt Allāh al-harām''. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thiqāfat al-Dīnīyya, 1425AH. | ||
* | * Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn al-. ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam''. Mecca: Umm al-Qurā University, 1998. | ||
* | * Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Tārikh Makka, ittiḥāf fuḍalāʾ al-zaman bi-tārīkh wālī-h banī l-Ḥasan''. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-Jāmiʿī, 1413AH. | ||
* | |||
{{end}} | {{end}} | ||
[[fa: مولد النبی]] | [[fa: مولد النبی]] | ||