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In the Quran and the Torah, the exact location of the descent is not specified. In Islamic traditions, several perspectives on this matter have been presented. According to a narration attributed to Imam Ali (AS), Adam descended in the Sarandib region of India, and Hawwa descended in [[Jeddah]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 2, p. 595; Maybudī, ''Kashf al-asrār, vol. 1, p. 151; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 3, p. 27; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 111; vol. 61, p. 274.</ref> Another report suggests that Adam descended on Mount Safa and Hawwa on Mount Marwah, with the naming of Safa commemorating Adam's title "Safi Allah" and the naming of Marwah related to the descent of this woman.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 139. </ref> The more well-known account in traditions is that Adam and Hawwa descended in the land of [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 36-39; Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 88; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190.</ref> Some also reconcile between these narratives, considering the descent to have occurred in two stages: first in Sarandib and then in Mecca.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> | In the Quran and the Torah, the exact location of the descent is not specified. In Islamic traditions, several perspectives on this matter have been presented. According to a narration attributed to Imam Ali (AS), Adam descended in the Sarandib region of India, and Hawwa descended in [[Jeddah]].<ref>Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 2, p. 595; Maybudī, ''Kashf al-asrār, vol. 1, p. 151; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 3, p. 27; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 111; vol. 61, p. 274.</ref> Another report suggests that Adam descended on Mount Safa and Hawwa on Mount Marwah, with the naming of Safa commemorating Adam's title "Safi Allah" and the naming of Marwah related to the descent of this woman.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190; Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 139. </ref> The more well-known account in traditions is that Adam and Hawwa descended in the land of [[Mecca]].<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī'', vol. 1, p. 36-39; Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 88; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190.</ref> Some also reconcile between these narratives, considering the descent to have occurred in two stages: first in Sarandib and then in Mecca.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Al-Mīzān'', vol. 1, p. 150.</ref> | ||
===Descent of the Black Stone(حجر الأسود)=== | ===Descent of the Black Stone(حجر الأسود)=== | ||
In some narratives, the descent of the Black Stone from paradise is mentioned along with the descent of Adam (AS). Other accounts specifically attribute the descent of the Black Stone(حجر الأسود) to Adam | In some narratives, the descent of the Black Stone from paradise is mentioned along with the descent of Adam (AS).<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Kamāl al-dīn'', p. 294, 298; ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-salām, ''Tafsīr al-ʿIzz al-Dīn'', vol. 3, p. 289.</ref> Other accounts specifically attribute the descent of the Black Stone(حجر الأسود) to Adam.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 185; Ṣadūq, ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ'', vol. 2, p. 318.</ref> | ||
(AS). | (AS). | ||
===Repentance of Adam in Mecca=== | ===Repentance of Adam in Mecca=== | ||
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*Sharīʿatī Kamāl Ābādī, Muḥammad and others. [https://ensani.ir/fa/article/497657/%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9 Feasibility study of the proofs of the theory that Adam, peace be upon him, is the father of mankind, emphasizing verse 1 of Nisa], persian: امکان سنجی دلائل اثبات نظریه ابوالبشر بودن حضرت آدم علیه السلام با تأکید بر آیه 1 نساء. Interpretive studies, winter 1400 sh, number 48. | *Sharīʿatī Kamāl Ābādī, Muḥammad and others. [https://ensani.ir/fa/article/497657/%D8%A7%D9%85%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B4%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AF%D9 Feasibility study of the proofs of the theory that Adam, peace be upon him, is the father of mankind, emphasizing verse 1 of Nisa], persian: امکان سنجی دلائل اثبات نظریه ابوالبشر بودن حضرت آدم علیه السلام با تأکید بر آیه 1 نساء. Interpretive studies, winter 1400 sh, number 48. | ||
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣādiq Baḥr al-ʿUlūm. Najaf: Manshurāt al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1385 AH/1966. | *Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ''. Edited by Sayyid Muḥammad Ṣādiq Baḥr al-ʿUlūm. Najaf: Manshurāt al-Maktaba al-Ḥaydariyya, 1385 AH/1966. | ||
*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Kamāl al-dīn wa itmām al-niʿma''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: Islāmiyya, 1405 AH. | |||
*Maybudī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. ''Kashf al-asrār wa 'uddat al-abrār''. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1361 Sh. | *Maybudī, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. ''Kashf al-asrār wa 'uddat al-abrār''. Tehran: Amīr Kabīr, 1361 Sh. | ||
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | *Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH. | ||
*ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-salām al-. ''Tafsīr al-ʿIzz al-Dīn ʿAbd al-salām''. Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm, 1416 AH. | |||