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| '''The verse of Hajj''' is The 97th verse of Sura Al Imran is the basis for the obligation of Hajj upon all those who are financially able. Some other verses, such as verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara and verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj, are also referred to as Hajj verses. Scholars and jurists have interpreted this verse in various ways. For example, according to this verse, Hajj is obligatory for everyone (some jurists even argue for non-Muslims). Furthermore, when one becomes [[financially capable]], they should perform Hajj at the earliest opportunity. It is emphasized that Hajj is a divine right and should only be undertaken for the sake of God's pleasure. | | '''The Bani Unayf Mosque''' is one of the historical mosques in the city of Medina, built at the location where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to pray. This mosque is situated near the Quba Mosque. The Bani Unayf Mosque is also known as the Masjid Musabbih or Morning Mosque. Although it had been in ruins throughout history, it was reconstructed in the year 1442 Hijri (2021 CE). |
| ==The verses of Hajj== | | ==Location== |
| The verses related to Hajj, its pillars, and its regulations are numerous and scattered throughout the Quran. However, the well-known verse referred to as the "Hajj verse," from which many commentators and scholars have derived this interpretation, is verse 97 of Sura Al Imran.<ref>Jaṣāṣ, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 3, p. 17; Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 2, p. 70; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr'', vol. 2, p. 52.</ref> Some commentators and jurists have also interpreted the Hajj verse based on [[verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara]]<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 5, p. 153.</ref> and [[verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj]].<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ''Rīyāḍ al-masāʾil'', vol. 6, p. 31.</ref> | | The location of the mosque is next to the fortresses of the Bani Unayf tribe on a hill, a few hundred meters southwest of the Quba Mosque, alongside the Ghassan Warehouses and behind the water purification facility for drinking water. |
| ==The text of the verse== | | ==Names== |
| فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ۗ وَلِلَّـهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ.<ref>Quran: 3: 97. </ref> In it are clear signs [such as] Abraham's station. Anyone who enters it will be secure. Pilgrimage to the House is a duty imposed on mankind by God, for anyone who can afford a way to do so. Anyone who disbelieves [will find] that God is Transcendent, beyond [any need of] the Universe.
| | The reason for naming this mosque Bani Unayf is because its construction is located in the settlement area of the Bani Unayf tribe. Bani Unayf was a branch of the Bani Qilah tribe and, according to some accounts, were remnants of the 'Amaleeq. Additionally, the mosque is renowned as Masjid al-Musabbih or al-Subh(morning) Mosque due to the Prophet (PBUH) performing the Fajr (dawn) prayer there. |
| | | ==The Story of the Mosque== |
| ==The Revelation of the Verse and the Obligation of Hajj==
| | There are three narrations regarding the prayer of the prophet in this mosque: |
| | | ===first narration=== |
| Some commentators have stated that [[Hajj]] became obligatory with the revelation of this very verse in the 9th or 10th year of the Hijra (or, in other words, with the revelation of [[verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj]]), and the Prophet performed the Hajj in the 10th year after the descent of this verse.<ref>Jaṣāṣ, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', vol. 5, p. 64; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 7, p. 309; Fāḍil Miqdād, ''Kanz al-ʿirfān'', vol. 1, p. 268.</ref> Others believe that this verse (along with other verses from Sura Al Imran) was revealed in the third year of Hijra in Medina, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not have the opportunity to perform Hajj until the 10th year of Hijra.<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 144.</ref> Some consider the timing of the obligation of Hajj to be related to the revelation of other verses, including verse 27 of Sura Al-Hajj,<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 144.</ref> verse 196 of Sura Al-Baqara,<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 5, p. 153; Fāḍil Miqdād, ''Kanz al-ʿirfān'', vol. 1, p. 266, 274.</ref> or verse 96 of Sura Al Imran.<ref>Shahīd al-Thānī, ''Masālik al-ifhām'', vol. 2, p. 119.</ref>
| | The Prophet (PBUH) performed the Fajr (dawn) prayer in the location of this mosque upon his migration to the city of Medina. |
| ==Contents of the Verse== | | ===second narration=== |
| | | When Imam Ali (AS) migrated from Mecca to Medina after the Prophet, the Prophet (PBUH) performed the Fajr (dawn) prayer at the location of this mosque to welcome him. |
| ===Obligation of Hajj, even upon disbelievers===
| | ===third narration=== |
| According to this verse, Allah has made [[Hajj]] obligatory for those who are financially able. It is said that the address in the verse includes everyone, be it a man, a woman, a believer, or a disbeliever. Some Shiite jurists and some Sunni scholars believe that based on this verse, Hajj is obligatory for disbelievers just like it is for believers, and Islam has only defined the condition for its validity, not the condition for its obligation.<ref>Ḥillī, ''Muntahā l-maṭlab'', vol. 2, p. 659.</ref>
| | Prophet (PBUH), when visiting Talhah ibn Bara' [6], performed a prayer near the fortresses of the Bani Unayf tribe. The Bani Unayf tribe sprinkled water on that place so that its location would not be forgotten. After some time, they built a mosque at that location, which is the same as the Bani Unayf Mosque. |
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| ===Financial ability (Condition for the obligation of Hajj)=== | |
| In this verse, the obligation of Hajj is contingent upon [[financial ability]] .<ref>Qurṭubī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī'', vol. 4, p. 145.</ref> [[Shiite jurists]] and many Sunni scholars, based on the Hajj verse and [[verse 196 of Al-Baqara]], argue for the immediate performance of Hajj after acquiring the financial means and fulfilling the other conditions of the obligation of Hajj.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Khilāf'', vol. 2, p. 257; Al-Zuhaylī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-munīr'', vol. 4, p. 16; Kāshif al-ghitāʾ, ''Kashf al-ghitāʾ'', vol. 2, p. 429.</ref>
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| ===Meaning of "«من کفر» who disbelieves" in the verse=== | |
| Commentators have understood the term "«من کفر»who disbelieves" in the Hajj verse to refer to someone who denies the obligation of Hajj.<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān'', vol. 4, p. 27; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 2, p. 538.</ref> However, someone who believes in its obligation but neglects to perform Hajj is not labeled as a disbeliever.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 266; Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān'', vol. 2, p. 538; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 16.</ref> According to some commentators, the meaning of "«من کفر» who disbelieves" is not leaving the circle of Islam; rather, it signifies ingratitude for blessings, as acting against divine command, failing to express gratitude for blessings, and disobedience to divine orders are considered a form of ingratitude.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 2, p. 799; Ālūsī, ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī'', vol. 1, p. 115.</ref>
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| ===Hajj as a Divine Right=== | |
| According to verse 97 of Sura Al Imran, [[Hajj]] is one of the divine rights granted to the servants of God. Based on this, it is emphasized that Hajj should be performed solely for the sake of God's pleasure.<ref>Qāḍīʿskar, ''Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī'', p. 20.</ref>
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| ==Notes==
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| {{Notes}}
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| ==References==
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| {{References}}
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| *Ālūsī, Maḥmūd b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Rūḥ al-maʿānī fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1415 AH.
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| *Al-Zuhaylī, Wahbah. ''Al-Tafsīr al-munīr fī al-'aqīda wa al-sharī'a wa al-manhaj''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, 1411 AH.
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| *Fāḍil Miqdād, Miqdād b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Kanz al-ʿirfān fī fiqh al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Muḥammad Bāqir Sharīfzāda & Muḥammad Bāqir Bihbūdī. Tehran: Nashr-i Murtaḍawī, [n.d].
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| *Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
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| *Ḥillī, al-Ḥasan b. Yūsuf al-. ''Muntahā l-maṭlab fī taḥqīq al-madhhab''. Mashhad: Majmaʿ al-Buḥūth al-Islāmīyya, 1412 AH.
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| *Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā taḥṣīl masā'il al-sharī'a''. 1st Edition. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1412 AH.
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| *Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, 1419 AH.
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| *Jaṣāṣ, Aḥmad b. Alī, ''Aḥkām al-Qurʾān'', Edited Muḥammad Ṣādiq Qamḥārī, Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
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| *Kāshif al-ghitāʾ, Jaʿfar. ''Kashf al-ghitāʾ ʿan mubhamāt al-sharīʿa al-gharrā''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islami, 1422 AH.
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| *Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī & Muḥammad Ākhūndī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.
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| *Qāḍīʿskar, ʿAlī. ''Ḥajj dar andīshi-yi islāmī''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1384 sh.
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| *Qurṭubī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Qurtubī(Al-Jamiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān)''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
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| *Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī. ''Masālik al-ifhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.
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| *Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya, 1421 AH.
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| *Ṭabāṭabāʾī, ʿAlī. ''Rīyāḍ al-masāʾil''. Qom: Muʾassisat al-Nashr al-Islāmī, 1412 AH.
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| *Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʾ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1415 AH.
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| *Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1406 AH.
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| *Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
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| *Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥaasn al-. ''Al-Khilāf''. Edited by ʿAlī Khurāsānī et.al. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1407 AH.
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| {{end}}
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