Fatima's house: Difference between revisions

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| image =درب خانه فاطمه.jpg  

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| image description = A door known as the door of Fatima's house in [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]]

| other names = The house of Imam Ali(a), the house of Ali(a) and Fatima(a)  

| place = [[Medina]], [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]]

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| religious affiliation = shia

| beliefs = The possible burial place of Fatima(a)

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| time of construction = Early Islam

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| events = Attack on Fatima's house

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| doors = It has two doors: one towards [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]] and another towards the alley

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| latitude = 24.467665  

| longitude = 39.611504

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'''Fatima's house or room''', the house where [[lady Fatima(a)]], the daughter of the [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] lived after marrying Imām ʿAlī(a) and was located next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to [[the house of the Prophet and ʿĀʾisha]]. This house has been destroyed today and its current location is inside [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabī]] and within the area of the [[Prophet's(a) room]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]].

In the historical sources, another house is also mentioned in [[Medina]] next to the [[Baqīʿ cemetery]] for [[Imām ʿAlī(a)]]. There is a different opinion about whether the events after the death of the Prophet took place in the house of Fatima or in [[the second house of Imām ʿAlī(a)]].

Fatima's house in Masjid al-Nabī is one of the possible burial places of lady Fatima.

==location==

The house of [[Fatima(a)]], which is also known as the house of Imām ʿAlī(a), was located behind the house of the Prophet(a) (the house of ʿĀʾisha).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270. </ref>

Behind this house from the north direction, there was the [[Tahajjud pillar]]<ref> Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47,58; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and next to that column there was the [[Tahajjud Miḥrāb]],<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref>   where [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] used to spend the night in that place and pray at night, <ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47.</ref> and now it is the north side of the prophet's.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219.</ref> If someone stands in the Miḥrāb of Tahjjud, [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his left.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 47; Ansārī, ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i Nabawī'', p. 81; Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām'', p. 270.</ref> and the of [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] is on his right.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 228-229.</ref>

This house was destroyed and now there is no trace of it. Its current location is inside the [[Prophet's(a) chamber]] and [[prophet's shrine|shrine]]<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203,210; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref> the sum of these two is called the Holy Chamber and its area is about 240 square meters.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 219; Baṣīrī, ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah'', p. 412.</ref>

===The doors of the house===

Fatima's house had two doors: a door to the east; that is to the alley, and a door to the west; That is, inside the mosque and parallel to the [[pillar of wufūd]] and [[pillar of Ḥirs|Ḥirs]].<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 203; Najmī, ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ'', p. 152.</ref> The door on the west side, which opens to the mosque, was located next to [[Maqām-i Gibraʾīl]] ([[The square pillar of the tomb]]).<ref> Ansārī, Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī, p. 80,81; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 46,57.</ref>The door that is now known as the door of Fatima's house on the side of [[‌‌Bāb-i Gibraʾīl]] is the same door that opened to the alley.<ref>Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna, p. 203.</ref>

This house remained until the time of [[Walīd b. ʿAbd al-Malik]], the ʾUmayya caliph (R: 86-96 AH/705-714-5 AD). In the expansion of Masjid al-Nabī in the year 88 AH/706-7 AD by the order of Walīd and by the hand of [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAziz]], the governor of [[the Two Holy Mosques]] (87-93 AH/705-6 - 711-2 AD), [[Ḥasan al-Muthannā]], the son of [[Imam Ḥasan Mujtabā(a)]], and [[Fatima, the daughter of Imam Ḥusayn(a)]], who lived there were forced out of it and the house was destroyed and then the house joined to the mosque.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', p. Vol. 2, P. 89-90.</ref>

The Prophet's(a) room, which is also known as the [[al-sharīfa room]], is the house where Prophet and [[ʿĀʾisha]] lived. This room was next to Masjid al-Nabī and next to Fatima's house. [[Prophet Muḥammad (a)]] was buried in this house.

According to a Narrative, Prophet(a) used to come to the door of Fatima's house for forty days and put his hand on the door frame and say: “اَلسَّلامُ عَلَیکُم یا اهلَ الْبَیت; Peace be upon you, Peace be upon you, O Ahl al-Bayt(people of the house)” and then reads [[the verse of Taṭhīr]] (purification), which is about the purity of the [[Ahl al-Bayt]] from impurity.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', Vol. 2, p. 46. wāʿiẓ khargūshī, ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā'', Vol. 2, p. 445.</ref>

The narration of [[Saddū al-Abwāb]] is also considered as one of the signs of importance of the house of Imam ʿAlī and Fātīma(a) and its residents. According to this narration, Prophet Muḥammad ordered to close the doors of houses that opened to the mosque, except the house of ʿAlī and Fātīma(a).<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 2, p. 205; Kulaynī, ''Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī'', vol. 5, p. 340; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 63,67.</ref>

Also, based on a narration from Prophet(a), the house of Fatima is considered the best example of the houses mentioned in verse 36 of Surah al-Noor; There are houses in which God's name is mentioned and the glorification of God is said in the morning and in the evening. <ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān vol. 7, p. 227; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 23, p. 325; Majlisī, ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl'', vol. 5; p. 68.</ref>

This house is one of the places where it is believed that Fatima(a) was buried.<ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 572; Ṭūsī, ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'', vol. 6, p. 9; Qāʾidān,''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 208.</ref>

file:محراب فاطمه۲.jpg|A miḥrāb known as Miḥrāb of Fatima, which is located in the area of Fatima's house in the [[Prophet's Shrine]] section..

file: درب خانه فاطمه.jpg|A door known as the door of Fatima's house in [[Masjid al-Nabī]]  

*Ansārī, Nājī Muḥammad Ḥasan ʿabdu l-qādir al-. ''Taʿmīr wa tawsiʿa masjid-i sharīf-i nabawī''. Translated by ʿAbdu  l- Muḥammad, Āyatī, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1385 sh.

*Baṣīrī, ʿAlī Riḍā. ''Gulwāzhihāy-i ḥajj wa ʿumrah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.

*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.

*Ibn Diyāʾ al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Tārīkh Makka al-musharrafa wa al-Masjid al-ḥarām wa al-Madīna al-sharīfa wa al-qabr al-sharīf''. Edited by al-ʿAdwī, Mecca: Maktabat al-tijārīyya Muṣṭafā Aḥmad al-Bāz. 1416 AH.

*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.

*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.

*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Rawḍa min al-kāfī''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Tehran: 1389 AH

*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.

*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mirʾāt al-ʿuqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.

*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq. ''Tārīkh-i ḥarām-i aʾimma-yi Baqīʿ wa āthār-i digār dar madīna-yi munawwara''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.

*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh

*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.

*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.

*Ṭabrisī, Faḍl b. al-Ḥasan al-. ‘’Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān’’. Edited by Muḥammad Jawād Balāghī. 3rd edition. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Nāṣir Khusraw, 1372 Sh.

*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1407 AH.

*Wāʿiẓ khargūshī, ʿAbdu  l- Malik. ''Sharaf al- Muṣṭafā''. Mecca: Dār al-Bashāʾir, 1424 AH.