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The '''rites of hajj al-tamattu'''' ({{ia|مناسك حج التمتع}}) are a set of rituals that are held at certain times and places in the city of [[Mecca]]. The rituals of hajj al-tamattu' begin after the rituals of [['umra al-tamattu']] are completed. | The '''rites of hajj al-tamattu'''' ({{ia|مناسك حج التمتع}}) are a set of rituals that are held at certain times and places in the city of [[Mecca]]. The rituals of hajj al-tamattu' begin after the rituals of [['umra al-tamattu']] are completed. | ||
Hajj pilgrims who have already come out of [[ihram]] for [['umra al-tamattu']] once again put on ihram in Mecca with the [[intention]] of performing The rites of hajj al-tamattu' and say [[labbayk]]. Then they [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|stay]] in [['Arafat]] desert from noon on the [[9th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] until sunset. After that, they spend the [[10th night of Dhu l-Hijja]] in [[al-Mash'ar]], then [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|stay]] in al-Mash'ar from the morning call to prayer (fajr | Hajj pilgrims who have already come out of [[ihram]] for [['umra al-tamattu']] once again put on ihram in Mecca with the [[intention]] of performing The rites of hajj al-tamattu' and say [[labbayk]]. Then they [[Wuquf at 'Arafat|stay]] in [['Arafat]] desert from noon on the [[9th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] until sunset. After that, they spend the [[10th night of Dhu l-Hijja]] in [[al-Mash'ar]], then [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|stay]] in al-Mash'ar from the morning call to prayer (fajr Adhan) on the [[10th day of Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid al-Adha|Eid al-Adha]]) until sunrise. Then, on the 10th day of Dhu l-Hijja, they perform the rituals of [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy al-Jamara al-'Aqaba]], [[sacrifice]] (qurbani) and [[taqsir or halq|halq or taqsir]]. | ||
After completing the rituals of [[Mina|Mina]], hajj pilgrims go to [[Mecca]] and performs the [[rituals of Mecca]]. These rituals include [[tawaf]] and [[Prayer of tawaf|its prayer]], [[Sa'y|sa'y between Safa and Marwa]], and [[tawaf al-nisa']] and its prayer. They then return to [[Mina|Mina]] and stay the 11th and 12th nights (and for some, the 13th night) of Dhu l-Hijja in Mina. On the 11th and 12th days, he does [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy of triple Jamrats]]. By leaving Mina in the afternoon of the twelfth day, hajj ends. | After completing the rituals of [[Mina|Mina]], hajj pilgrims go to [[Mecca]] and performs the [[rituals of Mecca]]. These rituals include [[tawaf]] and [[Prayer of tawaf|its prayer]], [[Sa'y|sa'y between Safa and Marwa]], and [[tawaf al-nisa']] and its prayer. They then return to [[Mina|Mina]] and stay the 11th and 12th nights (and for some, the 13th night) of Dhu l-Hijja in Mina. On the 11th and 12th days, he does [[Ramy al-Jamarat|ramy of triple Jamrats]]. By leaving Mina in the afternoon of the twelfth day, hajj ends. | ||
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===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ===Staying at 'Arafat=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | {{main|Wuquf at 'Arafat}} | ||
Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat|'Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of Arafa]]) until sunset, which is the time of maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominations, the time of this rite is considered to be the day of 'Arafa. Of course, there is a difference between these denominations in the exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 453; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 522; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 177; Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 387; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | Staying at Arafat is the second obligatory ritesof [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', P. 275.</ref> According to Shia jurists, the time of staying at [[Arafat|'Arafat]] is from noon on the ninth day of Dhu l-Hijja ([[day of Arafa]]) until sunset, which is the time of maghrib prayer.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 58.</ref> In the four Sunni denominations, the time of this rite is considered to be the day of 'Arafa. Of course, there is a difference between these denominations in the exact time.<ref>Murwarid, ''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya'', vol. 10, p.33; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 453; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 522; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 177; Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 387; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', Vol. 1, p. 597,599; Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 378.</ref> | ||
For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 59.</ref> | For a hajj pilgrim who does not get weak in praying, it is recommended to [[fast]] on this day. Being tahir, doing ghusl and staying at the bottom of the mountain and on flat ground, are other [[Recommendation|recommendations]] of staying at 'Arafat.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 59.</ref> | ||
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===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ===Staying at al-Mash'ar=== | ||
{{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | {{main|Wuquf at al-Mash'ar}} | ||
Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rite, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al- | Wuquf (staying) at al-Mash'ar is the third obligatory rite of [[hajj]].<ref>Fikri, ''Farhang-i IsṭilaHat-i Hajj wa 'Umra'', p. 276.</ref> The time of this rite, based on Shia jurisprudence, is from dawn on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] ([['Eid of al-Adha|Eid of al-Adha]]) until sunrise.<ref>Qadi'skar, ''Hajj dar andishi-yi islami'', P. 288.</ref> | ||
Reciting special Supplications,<ref>sadūq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles for ramy al-Jamrat at [[Mina]] are also recommended while staying at mash'ar.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 63.</ref> | Reciting special Supplications,<ref>sadūq, ''Man la yaHduruh al-faqih'', vol. 2; p. 543.</ref> dhikr of God, and collecting pebbles for ramy al-Jamrat at [[Mina]] are also recommended while staying at mash'ar.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 63.</ref> | ||
===Rites of Mina === | ===Rites of Mina === | ||
{{main|Rites of Mina}} | {{main|Rites of Mina}} | ||
Hajj pilgrims should come out of al-Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] (Eid of al-Adha). A pilgrim in hajj al-tamattu' must perform the | Hajj pilgrims should come out of al-Mash'ar and go to [[Mina]] after sunrise on the 10th day of [[Dhu l-Hijja]] (Eid of al-Adha). A pilgrim in hajj al-tamattu' must perform the rites of Mina, which include three actions:<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 65.</ref> | ||
{{Col-begin|3}} | |||
# ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba | |||
# [[sacrifice]] | |||
# [[Halq and Taqsir|halq and taqsir]] | |||
{{End}} | |||
According to Shia jurists, observing the order of the above rituals is obligatory or obligatory caution, but according to Hanbali and Shafi'i jurists, observing the order is mustahabb, and whoever does not observe it has no [[kaffara]].<ref>Najafi, ''Jawahir al-kalam'', vol. 19; p. 250-251; Shahid al-Thani, ''Al-Rawda al-bahiyya fi sharH al-lum'at al-Dimashqiyya'', vol. 1, p. 525; YaHya, ''Rasa'il li-lHujjaj wa al-mu'tamirin'', P. 12-13.</ref> | |||
According to Shia jurists, observing the order of the above rituals is obligatory or obligatory | |||
====Ramy al- | ====Ramy al-Jamra al-'Aqaba==== | ||
{{main|Ramy}} | {{main|Ramy}} | ||
On the day of Eid of al- | On the day of Eid of al-Adha, after sunrise, it is obligatory for a Hajj pilgrims to throw seven stones at the [[Jamrah al-Aqaba]] (the last Jamrah in Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 26.</ref> Throwing stones should be with the [[Qurba intention]] and hit gradually; So, if he hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but it is counted as one.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence, when hadji doing ramy al-jamarh it is [[mustahabb]] to turn the back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbaliyya and Malikiya denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamrah al-Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | According to Shia jurisprudence, when hadji doing ramy al-jamarh it is [[mustahabb]] to turn the back to the [[Qibla]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> Of course, Hanbaliyya and Malikiya denominatons have considered it mustahabb to face the Qibla when doing ramy of Jamrah al-Aqaba.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-605; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 456; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533; Ibn Quddama, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal'', P. 1045-1046; Namiri al-qurṭubi, ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ahl al-madina'', p. 502.</ref> | ||
====Sacrifice==== | ====Sacrifice==== | ||
{{main|sacrifice}} | {{main|sacrifice}} | ||
It is obligatory for the Hajj pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rituals of [[Hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> The time of sacrifice is after [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy al-Jamrah al-Aqaba]] and before [[Taqsir or Halq|Halq or Taqsir]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 68.</ref> Of course, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, the time of sacrifice is the day of [['Eid of al- | It is obligatory for the Hajj pilgrims to slaughter an animal in the way of God, as one of the rituals of [[Hajj]]. Sheep, cows, and camels are animals that can be sacrificed.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 67.</ref> The time of sacrifice is after [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy al-Jamrah al-Aqaba]] and before [[Taqsir or Halq|Halq or Taqsir]].<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 68.</ref> Of course, based on Hanbali, Hanafi and Maliki jurisprudence, the time of sacrifice is the day of [['Eid of al-Adha|Eid of al-Adha]] and two days after it.<ref>Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 587-588; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 252-258.</ref> | ||
The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal by hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 69.</ref> | The pilgrim can sacrifice the animal by hisself, and he can delegate another person to sacrifice the animal on his behalf.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 69.</ref> | ||
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The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written “Bidaya Mina” (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written “Nahaye Mina” (the end of Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | The boundaries of Mina are marked with blue signs, on the outer part of which is written “Bidaya Mina” (the beginning of Mina) and on the inner part it is written “Nahaye Mina” (the end of Mina).<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | According to Shia jurisprudence,<ref>Mughniya, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'', vol. 1, p. 406; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 10, p. 534-535; Ṭūsi, ''Al-Khilaf'', vol. 1, p. 461-462; Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 358-359.</ref> those who stay the whole night in [[mecca]] worshiping God until morning and do no other work except for the necessary work, it is not obligatory for them to do Beitūta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave Beitūta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave Beitūta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | According to Islamic denominatons, those who have an excuse, can leave Beitūta in Mina.<ref>Pishih fard, ''Daramadi bar fiqh-i Muqarin'', p. 419.</ref> For example, patients, their nurses and those who find it difficult to stay in Mina can leave Beitūta.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 75.</ref> | ||
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*Hajj pilgrim should hit jamarah gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | *Hajj pilgrim should hit jamarah gradually, so if he/she hits several pebbles together, it is not enough, but one is counted.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 66-67.</ref> | ||
According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | According to the Maliki, Shafi'i and Hanbali schools of thought, it is obligatory to follow the order of the three Jamrats. The Hanafi denominaton has considered observing order as Mustahabb.<ref>Hilli, ''Tadhkirat al-fuqaha''', vol. 8, p. 362; Sabiq, ''Fiqh al-sunna'', vol. 1, p. 533-534; Jaziri, ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a'', vol. 1, p. 599-603</ref> | ||
It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-'ūla and al-Wusṭa jamrah facing the [[Qibla]] and throwing jamarah al-'Aqaba back to the Qibla.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | It is recommended to be [[Tahir]] while throwing stones and say [[Takbir]] with every stone has throwed. It is recommended to throw al-'ūla and al-Wusṭa jamrah facing the [[Qibla]] and throwing jamarah al-'Aqaba back to the Qibla.<ref>Fallahzada, ''Darsnama-yi manasik-i hajj'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
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*Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah. ''Al-Mughni''. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, [n.d]. | *Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah. ''Al-Mughni''. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-'Arabi, [n.d]. | ||
*Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah b. AHmad. ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal (al-fiqh al- Hanbali), al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | *Ibn Qudama, 'Abd Allah b. AHmad. ''Al-Kafi fi fiqh ibn Hanbal (al-fiqh al- Hanbali), al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
*Jaziri, 'Abd al-RaHman. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | *Jaziri, 'Abd al-RaHman. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-arba'a''. Istanbul: 1404 AH-1984. | ||
*Kashani, 'Ala al-Din b. Mas'ūd al-. ''Bada'i' al-sana'i' (Al-Fiqh al-Hanbali)''. Beirut: al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya, 1422 AH. | *Kashani, 'Ala al-Din b. Mas'ūd al-. ''Bada'i' al-sana'i' (Al-Fiqh al-Hanbali)''. Beirut: al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya, 1422 AH. | ||
*Khomeini, Sayyid RūH Allah. ''Manask-i Hajj ba Hawash-i maraji'''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1385 sh. | *Khomeini, Sayyid RūH Allah. ''Manask-i Hajj ba Hawash-i maraji'''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1385 sh. | ||
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*''MisbaH al-shari'a wa miftaH al-Haqiqa''. Attributed to Imam Sadiq (a), Tehran: Anjuman-i Islami-yi Hikmat wa falsafa-yi Iran, 1360 sh. | *''MisbaH al-shari'a wa miftaH al-Haqiqa''. Attributed to Imam Sadiq (a), Tehran: Anjuman-i Islami-yi Hikmat wa falsafa-yi Iran, 1360 sh. | ||
*Misri al-Muzanii, Isma'il b. YaHya. ''Mukhtasar al-Muzanii (al-fiqh al- shafi'i)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | *Misri al-Muzanii, Isma'il b. YaHya. ''Mukhtasar al-Muzanii (al-fiqh al- shafi'i)''. Beirut: [n.p], first edition, 1422 AH. | ||
*Mughniya, MuHammad Jawad al-. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al- | *Mughniya, MuHammad Jawad al-. ''Al-Fiqh 'ala al-mAdhahib al-khamsa'' (al-Ja'fari, al-Hanafi, al-Maliki, al-Shafi'i, al-Hanbali). Qom: Mu'assisa Dar al-Kitab al-Islami, 1432 AH. | ||
*MuHammadi Reyshahri, MuHammad. ''Hajj wa 'Umra dar Quran wa Hadith''. Translated by Jawad MuHaddithi, Qom: Dar al-Hadith, 1386 sh. | *MuHammadi Reyshahri, MuHammad. ''Hajj wa 'Umra dar Quran wa Hadith''. Translated by Jawad MuHaddithi, Qom: Dar al-Hadith, 1386 sh. | ||
*Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | *Murwarid, 'Ali Asghar .''Al-Masadir al-fiqhiyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Turath, 1419AH. | ||