Pourghorbani
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{{جعبه اطلاعات بنای مذهبی | |||
| عنوان =Mawlid al-Nabī | |||
| تصویر =مولد النبی۲.jpg | |||
| اندازه تصویر =300 | |||
| بنيانگذار = | |||
| Establishment= 2 century AH | |||
| Usage= Mosque | |||
| place=[[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]] - [[Sawq al-Layl]]- [[mecca]] | |||
| Another Names = [[Maktaba Makkah Al-Mukarrma Library]] | |||
| Related events = Birthplace of the Prophet Muḥammad | |||
| ظرفیت = | |||
| وضعیت = تخریب شده | |||
و در محل آن کتابخانه بنا شده است | |||
| مساحت = | |||
| امکانات = | |||
| شماره ثبت = | |||
| معمار = | |||
| سبک = | |||
| بازسازی = بازسازیهای متعدد در دورههای تاریخی | |||
| وبگاه = | |||
}} | |||
'''Mawlid al-Nabī''' (The birthplace of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> is the house of [[Abdullah b. Abdul Muṭṭalib]], where the [[prophet Muḥammad]] (PBUH) was born; This place was located in the city of [[Mecca]] in the neighborhood of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]]. In the second century of Hijra, [[Khayzrān]], the mother of [[Hārūn al-Rashīd]], bought that place and turned it into a [[mosque]]. | '''Mawlid al-Nabī''' (The birthplace of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small> is the house of [[Abdullah b. Abdul Muṭṭalib]], where the [[prophet Muḥammad]] (PBUH) was born; This place was located in the city of [[Mecca]] in the neighborhood of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]]. In the second century of Hijra, [[Khayzrān]], the mother of [[Hārūn al-Rashīd]], bought that place and turned it into a [[mosque]]. | ||
Reports from the 6th century onwards indicate that an ornate marble monument for marking the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH) was built in a part of the mosque. In the reconstruction it on 1009 AH, a large dome and minaret were built for this mosque. | Reports from the 6th century onwards indicate that an ornate marble monument for marking the birthplace of the Prophet (PBUH) was built in a part of the mosque. In the reconstruction it on 1009 AH, a large dome and minaret were built for this mosque. | ||
The birthplace of the Prophet's Mosque was considered one of the blessed places in Mecca, and every year on the night of the birth of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small>, the people of Mecca attended there. Reports from the 10th century have said the existence of a special and official ritual that was held on the 12th night of Rabīʿ al-awwal with the presence of the representative of the Ottoman government in [[Mecca]] (the supervisor of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]]). | The birthplace of the Prophet's Mosque was considered one of the blessed places in Mecca, and every year on the night of the birth of the Prophet <small>(PBUH)</small>, the people of Mecca attended there. Reports from the 10th century have said the existence of a special and official ritual that was held on the 12th night of Rabīʿ al-awwal with the presence of the representative of the Ottoman government in [[Mecca]] (the supervisor of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]]). | ||
Due to the importance and fame of Mawlid al-Nabī, this building has been rebuilt many times by order of kings and nobles, but it was destroyed during the The [[House of Saʿūd]] government like many blessed places and buildings in Mecca (in 1343 AH/ 1303 sh). In the year 1370 AH/1329 sh. In order to keep the memory of this place alive, a library was built in it, which is still there, and it is called | Due to the importance and fame of Mawlid al-Nabī, this building has been rebuilt many times by order of kings and nobles, but it was destroyed during the The [[House of Saʿūd]] government like many blessed places and buildings in Mecca (in 1343 AH/ 1303 sh). In the year 1370 AH/1329 sh. In order to keep the memory of this place alive, a library was built in it, which is still there, and it is called ''[[Maktaba Makkah Al-Mukarrma Library]]''. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
The house where prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born, which was located at the location of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]] in a neighborhood called Sawq al-Layl, has been called ''Mawlid al-Nabī (pbuh)'' or the birthplace of the Prophet. In some historical sources, other places have been mentioned as the possible place of the Prophet’s birth, which is not approved by most historians of [[Mecca]].<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref> | The house where prophet Muhammad (pbuh) was born, which was located at the location of [[Shiʿb Abi Ṭālib]] in a neighborhood called [[Sawq al-Layl]], has been called ''Mawlid al-Nabī (pbuh)'' or the birthplace of the Prophet. In some historical sources, other places have been mentioned as the possible place of the Prophet’s birth, which is not approved by most historians of [[Mecca]].<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 270.</ref> | ||
===until the third century=== | ===until the third century=== | ||
According to Azraqī in his book ''Akhbār Makka'', who lived in the third century, ''Mawlid al-Nabī (pbuh)'', or the house where the Prophet was born, fell into the hands of [[ʿAqīl]], son of [[Abū Ṭālib]], after his emigration, and was passed on to ʿAqīl’s children until it was handed over to Muhammad b. Yūsuf. Thaqafī was sold and he added it to his house, which was known as the ''White House''. When Khayzrān, the mother of [[Harūn al-Rashīd]], performed Hajj in 171 A.H., she bought it and built a mosque in it where they pray. Azraqī states that the people of [[Mecca]] have not discord about the birthplace of the Prophet.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 198.</ref> The same report was also given by Fākihī (245 AH), another old historian of the history of Mecca.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref> | According to Azraqī in his book ''Akhbār Makka'', who lived in the third century, ''Mawlid al-Nabī (pbuh)'', or the house where the Prophet was born, fell into the hands of [[ʿAqīl]], son of [[Abū Ṭālib]], after his emigration, and was passed on to ʿAqīl’s children until it was handed over to Muhammad b. Yūsuf. Thaqafī was sold and he added it to his house, which was known as the ''White House''. When Khayzrān, the mother of [[Harūn al-Rashīd]], performed [[Hajj]] in 171 A.H., she bought it and built a mosque in it where they pray. Azraqī states that the people of [[Mecca]] have not discord about the birthplace of the Prophet.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 198.</ref> The same report was also given by Fākihī (245 AH), another old historian of the history of Mecca.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 5.</ref> | ||
===Ibn Jubayr's report (seventh century)=== | ===Ibn Jubayr's report (seventh century)=== | ||
Ibn Jubayr (614 AH) visited this mosque in 579 and described it in his travelogue.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 82, 125.</ref>He considered the building to be a magnificent mosque that “opens on Mondays in the month of Rabiʿ al-Awwal, which is the month of the Prophet’s (PBUH) birth and birthday and all the people will come there on that day to obtain grace and blessings, and other holy places will also be opened on the same day, and it is always the Day of Resurrection in Mecca.”<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 154.</ref> | [[Ibn Jubayr]] (614 AH) visited this mosque in 579 AH and described it in his travelogue.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 82, 125.</ref>He considered the building to be a magnificent mosque that “opens on Mondays in the month of Rabiʿ al-Awwal, which is the month of the Prophet’s (PBUH) birth and birthday and all the people will come there on that day to obtain grace and blessings, and other holy places will also be opened on the same day, and it is always the Day of Resurrection in [[Mecca]].”<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 154.</ref> | ||
According to Ibn Jubayr, the Prophet’s birthplace in this mosque is built in the form of a pond with a width of three wajabs (0.675m), in the middle of which is a green marble with a width of two-thirds of a wajab (about 0.225m), which is said to be surrounded by silver. The [[Miḥrāb]] of the mosque is located in front of this place.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 126-127.</ref> | According to Ibn Jubayr, the Prophet’s birthplace in this mosque is built in the form of a pond with a width of three wajabs (0.675m), in the middle of which is a green marble with a width of two-thirds of a wajab (about 0.225m), which is said to be surrounded by silver. The [[Miḥrāb]] of the mosque is located in front of this place.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, 'Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 126-127.</ref> | ||
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===Fāsī's report (ninth century)=== | ===Fāsī's report (ninth century)=== | ||
More than two centuries later, the Mecca historian Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (832 AH) gave a description of this place, which was respected and cherished by the people of Mecca, in the book ''Shifāʾ al-gharām''. The building of the mosque is depicted as a square shape with two arcuate arches, which has a large angle in its southwest corner.<ref>Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 268.</ref> | More than two centuries later, the Mecca historian Taqī al-Dīn Fāsī (832 AH) gave a description of this place, which was respected and cherished by the people of [[Mecca]], in the book ''Shifāʾ al-gharām''. The building of the mosque is depicted as a square shape with two arcuate arches, which has a large angle in its southwest corner.<ref>Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-gharām, vol. 1, p. 268.</ref> | ||
===The report of the ʾulīāʾ | ===The report of the ʾulīāʾ Chalbī (11th century)=== | ||
Two and a half centuries later, in 1081, Turkish travel writer ʾulīāʾ | Two and a half centuries later, in 1081 AH, Turkish travel writer ʾulīāʾ Chalbī saw Mawlid al-Nabī and described it in his book. He has described this building as a large and beautiful mosque, which was a square building with a high dome covered with lead. Chalbī mentioned the decorations inside the mosque, including the precious carpet and the pulpit covered with silk cloth and gold. According to him, the Prophet’s birthplace was a stone in a yellow hole on which the place of his body was imprinted.<ref>Chalbī,''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijāzīyya'', pp. 255-256</ref> | ||
===The last descriptions of Mould al-Nabi building before its destruction=== | ===The last descriptions of Mould al-Nabi building before its destruction=== | ||
Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī, who had the opportunity to visit this house in 1315 AH, writes: “On Friday, the 14th, we went to visit the Prophet (PBUH) birthplace at a place known as the Mawlid al-Nabī, and that place is located in Sawq al-layl We went inside and went down approximately fourteen steps. We entered a room named after the mosque. After that, we went to another room. There is a shrine in this room. The servant opened the door of the shrine. There is a pit inside this shrine. In the middle of it there is a green stone, which was the birthplace of Prophet.” <ref>''Safarnām-iy Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī'', p. 366.</ref> | Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī, who had the opportunity to visit this house in 1315 AH, writes: “On Friday, the 14th, we went to visit the Prophet (PBUH) birthplace at a place known as the Mawlid al-Nabī, and that place is located in [[Sawq al-layl]] We went inside and went down approximately fourteen steps. We entered a room named after the mosque. After that, we went to another room. There is a shrine in this room. The servant opened the door of the shrine. There is a pit inside this shrine. In the middle of it there is a green stone, which was the birthplace of Prophet.” <ref>''Safarnām-iy Mulla Ibrahīm Kazirūnī'', p. 366.</ref> | ||
MuḥammadLabīb Batanūnī who in 1909/1327 AH. He traveled to mecca in his travelogue and drew a plan from the plan of the Prophet’s building and described it as follows: “When you enter it, you first enter a 12-meter-long and 6-meter-wide playground, which is on the right wall. There is a door, after passing through it you will enter a space on which a dome is placed, in the middle of this space and under the dome leaning against the western wall, there is a wooden compartment inside which is a concave marble stone with a little It has sunk in. It can be seen. This place shows the birthplace of the prophet” <ref>Batanūnī , ''Safarnām-iy ḥijāz'', p. 146.</ref> | MuḥammadLabīb Batanūnī who in 1909/1327 AH. He traveled to mecca in his travelogue and drew a plan from the plan of the Prophet’s building and described it as follows: “When you enter it, you first enter a 12-meter-long and 6-meter-wide playground, which is on the right wall. There is a door, after passing through it you will enter a space on which a dome is placed, in the middle of this space and under the dome leaning against the western wall, there is a wooden compartment inside which is a concave marble stone with a little It has sunk in. It can be seen. This place shows the birthplace of the prophet” <ref>Batanūnī , ''Safarnām-iy ḥijāz'', p. 146.</ref> | ||