Hajj of the Prophets: Difference between revisions

Performng hajj  of the Prophets has been mentioned in numerous traditions in Islamic sources; In some collective narrative books, there is a chapter which is collected hadiths under the title "Hajj al-Anbiya".<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212; </ref> Some of these hadiths<ref>ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 1, p. 60, 186.</ref> are below the verse that introduced the [[ Ka'ba]] as the first house on earth {{enote| إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکهَ The first House established for the people was that at Bekka}}<ref>Qurʾān,3:96.</ref>. and another, under the [[verse]] that considers the Ka'ba as (الْبَيْتِ الْعَتِيقِ) [{{enote|Al-Bayt al-Atiq means Ancient house}}<ref>Qurʾān,22:34</ref>. <ref>Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 399, Ṭūsī, Al-Khilāf, vol. 6, p. 58.</ref>Also, some [[hadiths|hadith]] under the verse( و لکل امه جعلنا منسکا){{enote| We have appointed for every nation a holy rite}}, have considered [[Hajj]] rituals as one of the obligatory rituals for all nations.<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 7, p. 134; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 12, p. 58.</ref>

According to Islamic narrations, after the fall of Adam to the earth, he was commissioned by God to build the Ka'ba and hold the Hajj ceremony.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 34-36; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 235; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 13, p. 332.</ref> It has been narrated about the hajj of Adam that After Adam's exit from the heaven,  he descended on the [[Ṣafā |Safa mountain]], then [[Gabriel]] taught him the rites of Hajj, and Adam performed all Hajj rituals, including [[Tawaf|Tawāf]], [[Ramy al-Jamarat|Ramy al-Jamarāt]], [[Make a sacrifice]], [[Taqsir or Halq|Al-Ḥalq]], [[Sa'y|Saʿy]] and [[Tawaf al-Nisa'|Tawāf Al-Nisā']].<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 190-191; Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 400.</ref> Some narrations have reported about 700 Hajj and 300 Umrah of Adam on  his foot. <ref>Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 229.</ref> After Adam , his son the propht  Seth rebuilt the Kaaba and performed Hajj Al-ʿUmra al-Mufrada. <ref>Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; ʿAynī,''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> The [[Hajj|Hajj ceremony]] continued after Adam among his children<ref>Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 162; ʿAynī,''ʿUmdat al-qarī'', vol. 15, p. 217; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 11, p. 261.</ref> and the prophets After him, paid special attention to performing Hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 51,68-69, 72-74; Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 2, p. 130; Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, Subul al-hudā, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>

According to some reports, the Kaaba disappeared in the storm of Noah. Prophets used to perform Hajj without knowing the exact location of the Ka'ba<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 38; Ṭūsī, Al-Tibyān, vol. 1, p. 436; Haythamī, 'Majmaʿ al-zawāʾid, vol. 3, p. 288.</ref> until Prophet Abraham was commissioned to rebuild the Kaaba and revive the ritual of Hajj.<ref>Qurʾān,22:26; Qurʾān,2:127-128.</ref> After the reconstruction of the Ka'ba, he asked God to represent the Hajj rituals to him{{enote|وَأَرِنَا مَنَاسِكَنَا and show us our holy rites}} <ref>Qurʾān,2:128.</ref> Gabriel came to him and taught him the rituals of Hajj one by one<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 205; Bayhaqī, ''Sunan al-kubrā'', vol. 5, p. 145.</ref> and after the command to call people to perform Hajj,<ref>Qurʾān,22:27.</ref> Abraham  stood up on a high place{{enote| On Mount Abū Qubays, or the stone that later became known as [[Maqām Ibrāhīm]].}} and loudly called the people to performing  Hajj<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 7, p. 128-129; Ibn Abī l-Ḥātam, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 8, p. 2487.</ref> and he and his son Ishmael and a group of Jarhamites performed Hajj.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 66-72; Ṭabarī,''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'', vol. 1, p. 260-262; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 11, p. 8.</ref> After that, Hajj as a sacred tradition with special actions continued by the other Prophets and their followers<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 68; Dar rāh-i Barpāei-h hajj-i Ibrāhīmī, p. 200.</ref>