Lady Khadija's House

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Lady Khadija's House, (Arabic: دار السيدة خديجة, Dar al-Sayyida Khadija), in Mecca, was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying Lady Khadija until he migrated to Medina. This house was the birthplace of Lady Fatima(a) and other children of Khadija, and many Meccan verses of the Quran were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called Qubbat al-Wahy and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace.

In the 14th/20th century, after House of Saud conquered Mecca, this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place to develop al-Masjid al-Haram in 1410/1989, the remains of the old building of Khadija's house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram.

Location

Lady Khadija's house was in Mecca[1] and it was located in the vicinity of Abu Sufyan's house.[2]

This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with Lady Khadija[3] and many Meccan verses of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.[4] Fatima(a) and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.[5] It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to Medina.[6]

Names

This house became known as the Dar (house) of Lady Khadija because of her residence and it was also known as Lady Fatima's birthplace because of the birth of Lady Fatima there.[7]

First Descriptions

According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by 'Aqil b. Abi Talib after the Prophet(s) migrated to Medina. Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.[8] This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.[9] Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of Abu Lahab, one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,[10] but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the conquest of Mecca.[11]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where Lady Fatima(a) was born.[12]

In the 9th/15th Century

Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "Mawlid Fatima", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.[13]

Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the Qubbat al-Wahy.[14] Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.[15] The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.[16]

Khadija's house in the 13th and 14th century

In a travelogue from the end of the period of Naṣir al-Din Shah Qajar (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of Lady Khadija(s) that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet(s) had been famous.[17]According to a report in 1265 A.H, in the place of Khadija's house, a Takiyyah known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.[18]

Destruction of the house

The Egyptian writer Muhammad Ḥasanayn Haykal (d.1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: Wahhabis have destroyed the birthplace of lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. [19] . Muhammad Luṭfi Jum'a also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.[20]

The construction of a Quranic school in the place of the house

In Jamadi l-'ula 1370 AH, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of lady Khadija's house.[21] Muhammad Tahir Kurdi (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation.[22]This mosque was built by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as Sayyid 'Abbas's Madrisah in Dar Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija.[23]

Merging in al- Masjid al-Ḥaram

At the end of the year 1410 AH/1989 AD, the Quran memorizing building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the al-Masjid al-Ḥaram. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of lady Khadija.[24]Ahmad Zakki Yamani, was present at the site during the construction operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid. [25]

gallery

  • early islam

    early islam

  • After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥaram

    After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥaram

The picture of Sayyid Abbas school in the place of Lady Khadija's house

Lady Khadijah's house was apeared after the destruction of the Qur'an memorization school

Notes

  1. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 199.
  3. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  4. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  6. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  7. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  8. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, al-Jami' al-laṭif, p. 286; Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289.
  9. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289.
  10. ↑ Ibn Sa'd,al-Tabaqat al-kubra vol. 4, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 245.
  12. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Safarnama Ibn Jubayr, p. 81-82.
  13. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  14. ↑ Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol. 1, p. 360.
  15. ↑ fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol .1 p.360.
  16. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija, p. 48.
  17. ↑ Miqat-i Ḥajj, Num. 63, p. 70.
  18. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289-290.
  19. ↑ Haykal, Fi manzil al-wahy, p. 227.
  20. ↑ Luṭfi,ayyam al-mabrurra, p. 78.
  21. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija, p. 58.
  22. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 290.
  23. ↑ Yamani,Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 58.
  24. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 60.
  25. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 93 onwards.

References

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  • Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar. Edited by Rushdi Ṣalih Mulhis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
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