Hajj al-Tamattu'

Ḥajj al-tamattuʿ is obligatory for a person whose homeland is located at a distance more than 90 km from the holy city of Mecca (see: Afaqi). Hajj al-tamattu' differs from hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran with regard to rituals.

The basic feature that distinguishes hajj al-tamattu' from hajj al-ifrad and hajj al-qiran is 'umra. Hajj al-tamattu' comprises two parts: 'umra and hajj. It starts with 'umra. A gap exists between 'umra and hajj during which the pilgrim comes out of ihram state and is allowed to al-tamattu' (literally enjoy) things which are prohibited for a muhrim (a person who is in state of ihram). Both 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj al-tamattu' should be performed in the same year.

Hajj al-ifrad and al-qiran comprise only hajj rituals, and 'umra in these cases is considered an independent worship termed as al-'umra al-mufrada. So, a person may perform al-'umra al-mufrada in one year and hajj al-ifrad/al-qiran in another year.

Hajj al-tamattu' includes two acts: 'umra al-tamattu' and hajj al-tamattu', the two acts are essentially just one act but because there is permission to go out of ihram in between, they are considered two. 'Umra al-tamattu' is prior to hajj al-tamattu' and both these acts have specific deeds which are discussed below.

The deeds of 'umra al-tamattu':

1. Wearing ihram (hajj dress) from a miqat;
2. Tawaf around the Holy Ka'ba;
3. Prayer of tawaf;
4. Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safa and Marwa;
5. Taqsir (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail)

The deeds of hajj al-tamattu' are mentioned below:

1. Ihram (wearing dress of hajj) in the holy city of Mecca;
2. Wuquf at 'Arafat from the noon of the ninth of Dhu l-Hijja to sunset;
3. Wuquf at al-Mash'ar al-Haram on the night before the tenth of Dhu l-Hijja to sunrise;
4. Stoning at al-Jamara al-'Aqaba on the day of Eid al-Adha (the tenth of Dhu l-Hijja);
5. Slaughtering;
6. Halq or taqsir (cutting a small quantity of hair or nail);
7. Tawaf around the Holy Ka'ba;
8. Prayer of tawaf ;
9. Sa'y (to walk) between the mountains of Safa and Marwa;
10. Tawaf al-nisa' (women);
11. Prayer of tawaf of nisa';
12. Baytuta in Mina in the eve of Dhu l-Hijja eleventh;
13. Stoning three jamaras on the eleventh of Dhu l-Hijja;
14. Baytuta in Mina before the twelfth in Mina;
15. Stoning three jamaras on the twelfth of Dhu l-Hijja.

Rulings

For the hajj al-tamattu' to be valid, there are certain conditions be fulfilled. They are as follows:

1. Intention, i.e. from the time of wearing ihram for 'umra al-tamattu', he should intend to perform hajj al-tamattu'; otherwise, his hajj is not in order;
2. Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the months of hajj;
3. Both 'umra and hajj need to be performed in the same year;
4. 'Umra and hajj should be performed for one person and by one person. This implies that a person who is performing hajj on the behalf of a dead person needs to perform both 'umra and hajj himself. Hiring two individuals to carry out the 'umra and hajj separately is not permitted.

A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu', cannot change it on purpose and by choice to perform hajj al-ifrad or al-qiran.

A person, whose duty is to perform hajj al-tamattu' but knows that the time is too short to complete 'umra and join hajj, should change his intention from hajj al-tamattu' to hajj al-ifrad and after completing the rites of hajj, he should perform al-'umra al-mufrada.

References

• The Rites of Hajj, In Accord with Fatwas of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei, Hajj and Ziarah Research Center