Karbala: Difference between revisions
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During his rule from 233 to 247 AH, Al-Mutawakkil, on four occasions including in 236 AH, ordered the destruction, plowing, and flooding of the grave of Imam Hussain (AS) and the demolition of the surrounding houses.<ref>ʿKlīddār, "Tārīkh Karbalā wa Ḥāʾir Ḥusaynī ", p. 260-270.</ref> | During his rule from 233 to 247 AH, Al-Mutawakkil, on four occasions including in 236 AH, ordered the destruction, plowing, and flooding of the grave of Imam Hussain (AS) and the demolition of the surrounding houses.<ref>ʿKlīddār, "Tārīkh Karbalā wa Ḥāʾir Ḥusaynī ", p. 260-270.</ref> | ||
During the reign of Al-Muntasir Al-Abbasi (247–248 AH), the son of Al-Mutawakkil, the Shia inclination to settle in Karbala and develop it increased. | During the reign of Al-Muntasir Al-Abbasi (247–248 AH), the son of Al-Mutawakkil, the Shia inclination to settle in Karbala and develop it increased. | ||
Ibrahim Mujab, the grandson of the seventh Imam ( | Ibrahim Mujab, the grandson of the seventh Imam (a), is considered the first Alawi to settle in Karbala around the year 247 AH.After him, houses and markets emerged around his home and near the shrine of Aba Abdillah al-Hussain (a). | ||
When Adud al-Dawla Daylami of the Buyid dynasty visited Karbala in 370 AH, the population of Sayyids and Alawis in the city had reached 2,200 people.<ref>Klīddār Āl Ṭuʿmah, "Baghīyat al-Nubalāʾ fī Tārīkh Karbalā" ,p. 29/30.</ref> | When Adud al-Dawla Daylami of the Buyid dynasty visited Karbala in 370 AH, the population of Sayyids and Alawis in the city had reached 2,200 people.<ref>Klīddār Āl Ṭuʿmah, "Baghīyat al-Nubalāʾ fī Tārīkh Karbalā" ,p. 29/30.</ref> | ||
===Some Historical Events=== | ===Some Historical Events=== | ||
Wahhabi Attack (1216 AH): | *'''Wahhabi Attack (1216 AH)''': On [[Eid al-Ghadir]] in the year 1216 AH, the Wahhabi army from Najd, numbering about 25,000, attacked Karbala.The city's governor at the time, Umar Agha, fled without resistance, leaving the city defenseless. | ||
On Eid al-Ghadir in the year 1216 AH, the Wahhabi army from Najd, numbering about 25,000, attacked Karbala.The city's governor at the time, Umar Agha, fled without resistance, leaving the city defenseless. | |||
The Wahhabis, under the slogan "Kill the polytheists," massacred the people; in six hours, over five thousand were martyred.The shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was destroyed, and the city's properties were looted.<ref>Ṭālebī al-Isfahānī ," Masīr Ṭālebī",vol. 3,p. 408/409.</ref> | The Wahhabis, under the slogan "Kill the polytheists," massacred the people; in six hours, over five thousand were martyred.The shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was destroyed, and the city's properties were looted.<ref>Ṭālebī al-Isfahānī ," Masīr Ṭālebī",vol. 3,p. 408/409.</ref> | ||
Many scholars and seminary students of Karbala were also martyred in this tragedy.Sayyid Ali Tabatabai (author of Riyas) miraculously survived this attack.<ref>Khwānsārī, " Rawḍāt al-Jinān fī Aḥwāl al-ʿUlamāʾ wa al-Sādāt ",vol. 4,p. 405</ref>. | Many scholars and seminary students of Karbala were also martyred in this tragedy.Sayyid Ali Tabatabai (author of Riyas) miraculously survived this attack.<ref>Khwānsārī, " Rawḍāt al-Jinān fī Aḥwāl al-ʿUlamāʾ wa al-Sādāt ",vol. 4,p. 405</ref>. | ||
The Najib Pasha Incident (1258 AH): Following a dispute between Iran and the Ottoman Empire and the rejection of Ottoman rule by the people of Karbala, Najib Pasha, the governor of Baghdad, attacked Karbala in 1258 AH.<ref>Ḥabīb Ābādī, "Makārim al-Āthār fī Aḥwāl Rijāl Dawr-i Qājār",vol. 5, p. 1582/1583.</ref> | *'''The Najib Pasha Incident (1258 AH)''': Following a dispute between Iran and the Ottoman Empire and the rejection of Ottoman rule by the people of Karbala, Najib Pasha, the governor of Baghdad, attacked Karbala in 1258 AH.<ref>Ḥabīb Ābādī, "Makārim al-Āthār fī Aḥwāl Rijāl Dawr-i Qājār",vol. 5, p. 1582/1583.</ref> | ||
This attack resulted in the killing of approximately 10,000 people, including scholars and Sayyids, and became known as the "Incident of Ghadir al-Dam."<ref>Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 126.</ref> | This attack resulted in the killing of approximately 10,000 people, including scholars and Sayyids, and became known as the "Incident of Ghadir al-Dam."<ref>Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 126.</ref> | ||
Attack by the Ba'ath Regime of Iraq (1412 AH / 1369 SH): During the Sha’baniyah Uprising in 1412 AH, Iraqi Ba'ath forces stormed the holy shrines of Najaf and Karbala. | *'''Attack by the Ba'ath Regime of Iraq (1412 AH / 1369 SH)''': During the Sha’baniyah Uprising in 1412 AH, Iraqi Ba'ath forces stormed the holy shrines of Najaf and Karbala. | ||
In this assault, thousands of Iraqi citizens and pilgrims were killed or injured, and the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was damaged.The marks of bullets from this attack are still visible on the walls of the shrine.<ref>Hasht Behesht: Vīzheh-Nāmah Zāʾirān-i Dāneshgāhī ʿAtabāt", p. 160.</ref> | In this assault, thousands of Iraqi citizens and pilgrims were killed or injured, and the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was damaged.The marks of bullets from this attack are still visible on the walls of the shrine.<ref>Hasht Behesht: Vīzheh-Nāmah Zāʾirān-i Dāneshgāhī ʿAtabāt", p. 160.</ref> | ||
==The Virtue of Karbala== | ==The Virtue of Karbala== | ||
In the narrations, the land of Karbala is compared in creation and virtue to the land of the [[Ka'ba|Kaaba]].<ref>Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 449/450, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar", p. 16.</ref> | In the narrations, the land of Karbala is compared in creation and virtue to the land of the [[Ka'ba|Kaaba]].<ref>Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 449/450, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar", p. 16.</ref> | ||