Gabriel: Difference between revisions

'''Gabriel''' in Arabic (Jibra’il) is one of the four archangels of God who is mentioned in the holy books of the Torah, the Gospel, and the Quran. In the Holy Quran, the name of this angel appears three times with the word "Jibril."

 

By God’s command, Gabriel(a) aided the Muslims in certain battles, such as [[Badr]], [[Uhud]], and the battle against the Jews of [[Banu Qurayza]].

 

It is reported that during the [[Treaty of Hudaybiyya]] in the sixth year of the [[Hijra]], Gabriel came to the [[Prophet(s)]] and asked him to sacrifice the camels and return to [[Medina]].

 

During the Conquest of [[Mecca]], Gabriel (a) also assisted the Prophet (a) in uncovering a spying plot. Then the Prophet(s), following Gabriel’s guidance, destroyed the idols surrounding the [[Ka'ba]] with his staff.

According to Shia narrations, the descent of [[Adam]] and Eve from Paradise to the land of [[Mecca]], and the placement of Adam (a) on [[Mount Safa]] and Eve on [[Mount Marwa]], was carried out by God’s command and through Gabriel (a).

 

Then Gabriel (a), by God’s command, erected one of the heavenly tents at the place where the Ka'ba was later built and placed [[Adam (Prophet)|Adam]] and Eve in it.

 

 

According to Sunni narrations, Gabriel (a) also accompanied Adam (a) in the plains of Arafat and [[Mina]].

In Arafat, he reminded Adam that the angels had performed [[Tawaf]] around the [[Ka'ba]] fifty thousand years before his creation.<ref>al-Ḥalabī , "Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabiyyah", vol. 1, p. 219; al-Ṣāliḥī , "Subul al-Hudā" ,vol. 1, p. 209; al-Suyūṭī , "al-Durr al-Manthūr", vol. 1, p. 315.</ref> When parting from Adam(a) in the land of Mina, he said: “Tamann” means: “Ask God for whatever you wish.<ref>al-ʿAynī ,"ʿUmdat al-Qārī", vol. 7, p. 118. </ref>

When [[Abraham(a)]] was commanded by God to build the Ka'ba, Gabriel (a) showed him its location.<ref>Sūrat al-Ḥajj (22), verse, 26;

Abū al-Fatḥ Rāzī , "Rawḍ al-Jinān", vol. 2, p. 168; Kāshānī , "Manhaj al-Ṣādiqīn", vol. 6, p. 142.</ref>

 

Then, upon reaching the location of the Black Stone, he sent Ishmael(a) to bring a stone for that place.<ref>Al-Mustadrak, vol. 1, p. 629.</ref>

After the construction of the Ka'ba, Gabriel (a) commanded Abraham(a) to call people to [[Hajj]].<ref>Ibn Abī Jumhūr, "ʿAwālī al-Luʾālī", vol. 4, p. 35–36.</ref>

 

[[Abraham]] and Ishmael (a) asked God to teach them the [[rituals of Hajj]].<ref>Sūrat al-Baqarah (2), verse, 128.</ref> Gabriel (a) came to the two of them and taught them the rituals of Hajj.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī" ,vol. 4, p. 202–203; Abū al-Fatḥ Rāzī , " Rawḍ al-Jinān", vol. 2, p. 160/ 171; al-Qurṭubī, " Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī" , vol. 2, p. 128–129.</ref>  

It is reported that in Medina, Gabriel(a) often appeared to the Prophet(a) in the form of “Dihyah al-Kalbi,” who was one of the companions of the Prophet and a handsome man.<ref>al-Ṭabarānī, "Al-Muʿjam al-Awsaṭ ", vol. 1, p. 7.  al-Haythamī, " Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid ",vol. 8, p. 257.</ref>

 

Whenever Gabriel(a) came to the Prophet(s), he would stop at a place near his house and seek permission to enter.<ref>Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī " vol. 4, p. 452_ p. 557.</ref>

 

In another narration, it is reported that at the end of the [[Battle of Khandag]] (Trench), Gabriel(a) came to the Prophet(s) at this place and conveyed God’s message instructing him to prepare for the battle against the Jews of [[Banu Qurayza]].<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ " ,vol. 1, p. 236–237.</ref>

By God’s command, Gabriel(a) participated in certain battles, such as [[Badr]],<ref>al-Bukhārī, " Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" , vol. 5, p. 14; al-Qummī, " Tafsīr al-Qummī" , vol. 1, pp. 266–267; Abū al-Fatḥ Rāzī, "  Rawḍ al-Jinān ",vol. 9, p. 71.</ref> He also assisted the Muslims in the [[battles of Uhud]],<ref>Muslim, " Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim", vol. 7, p. 72; Ibn Shahr Āshūb, "Manāqib Āl Abī Ṭālib", vol. 2, p. 78.</ref> Khaybar<ref>Maybudī , "Kashf al-Asrār " , vol. 9, p. 214; Ḥusaynī Shāh ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīmī, " Tafsīr Ithnāʿasharī", vol. 12, p. 160.</ref> and against the Jews of Banu Qurayza.<ref>Maybudī , " Kashf al-Asrār", vol. 8, p. 39; Abū al-Fatḥ Rāzī",  Rawḍ al-Jinān", vol. 15, p. 396; al-Ṭabarasī , "Majmaʿ al-Bayān " ,vol. 8, p. 551–552.</ref> Narrations report Gabriel’s accompaniment during the Treaty of [[Hudaybiyya]]<ref>al-Ṭabarī, " Jāmiʿ al-Bayān", vol. 30, p. 212; al-Suyūṭī , "al-Durr al-Manthūr", vol. 6, p. 403; Mudarrisī, "Min Hudā al-Qurʾān ",  vol. 18, p. 395.</ref> and the Conquest of Mecca.<ref>al-Zamakhsharī , "Al-Kashshāf ", vol. 2, p. 689; al-Ṭabarasī, "  Jawāmiʿ al-Jāmi",  vol. 2, p. 342; al-Kāshānī, "Zubdat al-Tafāsīr" , vol. 4, p. 64.</ref>

One of the doors of the Prophet’s Mosque is named the [[Gate of Gabriel]] because Gabriel would enter the Prophet’s presence through it. Narrations from Shia sources have reported the virtue of this gate.<ref>al-Kulaynī , "Al-Kāfī" , vol. 4, p. 557; al-Ṭūsī , "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām ", vol. 6, pp. 8–9; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah ",vol. 14, p. 346.</ref>

 

It is recommended that visitors to the Prophet enter the mosque through this gate.<ref>al-Ṣadūq, " Man lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh ", vol. 2, p. 565–566; Ibn Ḥamzah,"  al-Wasīlah ", p. 196–197.</ref>