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Aisha was the third wife of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and the daughter of Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa. Aisha is regarded as one of the outstanding women of early Islam, holding both political and social status, and more than two thousand hadiths have been narrated from her. Aisha has been criticized by Shi’a due to her disagreements with Imam Ali (AS) and her confrontation with him in the Battle of the Camel.
Aisha (Arabic: {{ia|عائشة}}) was the third wife of Prophet Muhammad (s) and the daughter of Abu Bakr. Aisha is regarded as one of the outstanding women of early Islam, holding both political and social status, and more than two thousand hadiths have been narrated from her. Aisha has been criticized by Shi'a due to her disagreements with [[Imam Ali (a)]] and her confrontation with him in the [[Battle of the Camel]].


There are places in Medina associated with Aisha. The most famous of these is the chamber of the Messenger of Allah, which was Aisha’s residence with the Prophet and is now the burial place of the Prophet, located within Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque). A column in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi is also known by her name. The Masjid al-Tan‘im in Mecca is also commonly known as Aisha’s Mosque. Aisha is buried in Al-Baqi Cemetery alongside the other wives of the Prophet.
There are places in [[Medina]] associated with Aisha. The most famous of these is the [[chamber of the Prophet (s)]], which was Aisha's residence with the Prophet (s) and is now the burial place of the Prophet (s), located within [[al-Masjid an-Nabawi]] (the Prophet's Mosque). A column in al-Masjid an-Nabawi is also known by her name. The [[al-Tan'im Mosque]] in [[Mecca]] is also commonly known as Aisha's Mosque. Aisha is buried in [[al-Baqi Cemetery]] alongside the other wives of the Prophet.


Biography
==Biography==
Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr ibn Abi Quhafa, was one of the wives of the Prophet (PBUH).<ref>“A Re-examination of Aisha’s Age at Marriage with the Prophet,” p. 26; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.</ref> She was the Prophet’s third wife after Khadijah (SA) and Sawda.<ref>“Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr in Quranic and Hadith Sciences Based on Reports and Historical Sources,” p. 48.</ref>
Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa, was one of the wives of the Prophet (s).<ref>"A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 26; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.</ref> She was the Prophet's third wife after [[Khadija (a)]] and [[Sawda]].<ref>"Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr in Quranic and Hadith Sciences Based on Reports and Historical Sources," p. 48.</ref>


There is disagreement about Aisha’s age at the time of her marriage to the Prophet.<ref>Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 8, pp. 46–47; Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal, vol. 35, p. 227.</ref> Some state she was nine years old,<ref>“Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…,” p. 48; “A Re-examination of Aisha’s Age at Marriage with the Prophet,” p. 25.</ref> but some reports suggest she was between 13 and 17,<ref>Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A‘zam (PBUH), vol. 3, p. 287.</ref> or even 17 to 20 years old at the time of her marriage.<ref>“A Re-examination of Aisha’s Age at Marriage with the Prophet,” p. 37.</ref> Aisha passed away in 57 AH, 58 AH,<ref>“A Re-examination of Aisha’s Age at Marriage with the Prophet,” p. 27; The History of the Prophet of Islam, p. 58; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> or 59 AH,<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> and Abu Hurayrah led her funeral prayer.<ref>Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafayat al-Mashahir wa al-A‘lam, vol. 4, p. 164.</ref>
There is disagreement about Aisha's age at the time of her marriage to the Prophet.<ref>Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 8, pp. 46–47; Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, p. 227.</ref> Some state she was nine years old,<ref>"Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 48; "A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 25.</ref> but some reports suggest she was between 13 and 17,<ref>Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A'zam (s), vol. 3, p. 287.</ref> or even 17 to 20 years old at the time of her marriage.<ref>"A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 37.</ref>  
 
Aisha passed away in 57/676-77, 58/677-78,<ref>"A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 27; The History of the Prophet of Islam, p. 58; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> or 59/678-79,<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> and [[Abu Hurayra]] led her funeral prayer.<ref>Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafayat al-Mashahir wa al-A'lam, vol. 4, p. 164.</ref>


During the Caliphate
During the Caliphate
After the Prophet’s death, Aisha strongly supported the rule of her father Abu Bakr, then Umar ibn al-Khattab, and even during the first half of Uthman ibn Affan’s caliphate, she was a staunch supporter of the government of the time.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 45.</ref> In the second half of Uthman’s rule, she became dissatisfied with him, but after his assassination, she demanded revenge for his blood and confronted Imam Ali (AS) in the Battle of the Camel.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.</ref>
After the Prophet's death, Aisha strongly supported the rule of her father Abu Bakr, then Umar b. al-Khattab, and even during the first half of Uthman b. Affan's caliphate, she was a staunch supporter of the government of the time.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 45.</ref> In the second half of Uthman's rule, she became dissatisfied with him, but after his assassination, she demanded revenge for his blood and confronted Imam Ali (a) in the Battle of the Camel.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.</ref>


Aisha was defeated in the Battle of the Camel, and Imam Ali (AS) returned her to Medina with respect.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu’minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.</ref> She lived in Medina until Imam Ali’s martyrdom (40 AH) and did not leave the city afterward.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> Due to Aisha’s stance against Ali (AS)—especially her role in the Battle of the Camel—she has faced criticism from Shi‘a scholars,<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 205–206, vol. 3, p. 322; Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A‘zam (PBUH), vol. 3, p. 291; Encyclopedia of al-Baqi‘ al-Sharif, p. 449.</ref> and she also prevented the burial of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (AS) next to the Prophet.<ref>Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu’minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.</ref>
Aisha was defeated in the Battle of the Camel, and Imam Ali (a) returned her to Medina with respect.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.</ref> She lived in Medina until Imam Ali's martyrdom (40 AH) and did not leave the city afterward.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.</ref> Due to Aisha's stance against Ali (a)—especially her role in the Battle of the Camel—she has faced criticism from Shi'a scholars,<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 205–206, vol. 3, p. 322; Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A'zam (s), vol. 3, p. 291; Encyclopedia of al-Baqi' al-Sharif, p. 449.</ref> and she also prevented the burial of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) next to the Prophet.<ref>Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.</ref>


Status
Status
Aisha is regarded as a prominent figure in the early Islamic period for her contributions in political, theological, hadith, and jurisprudential matters.<ref>“Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…,” p. 42.</ref> She is said to have been a jurist,<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> a Quran memorizer, an eloquent speaker,<ref>Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu’minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 513.</ref> and was known for her remarkable memory.<ref>“Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…,” pp. 43 & 48; The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 47.</ref> Sunni scholars have written extensively about her virtues.<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Siyar A‘lam al-Nubala’, vol. 2, pp. 140–141.</ref> She narrated many hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (PBUH);<ref>“Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…,” p. 42.</ref> it is said that after the Prophet’s death, she was a scholarly reference for the companions.<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma’ al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; “Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…,” p. 42; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> After Abu Hurayrah and Abdullah ibn Umar ibn al-Khattab, she is the third most prolific narrator of hadith from the Prophet (PBUH). The number of her hadiths is said to exceed two thousand.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 149.</ref>
Aisha is regarded as a prominent figure in the early Islamic period for her contributions in political, theological, hadith, and jurisprudential matters.<ref>"Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42.</ref> She is said to have been a jurist,<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> a Quran memorizer, an eloquent speaker,<ref>Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 513.</ref> and was known for her remarkable memory.<ref>"Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," pp. 43 & 48; The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 47.</ref> Sunni scholars have written extensively about her virtues.<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', vol. 2, pp. 140–141.</ref> She narrated many hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (s);<ref>"Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42.</ref> it is said that after the Prophet's death, she was a scholarly reference for the companions.<ref>Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.</ref> After Abu Hurayrah and Abdullah b. Umar b. al-Khattab, she is the third most prolific narrator of hadith from the Prophet (s). The number of her hadiths is said to exceed two thousand.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 149.</ref>


Hadiths from Aisha include accounts about Masjid al-Haram<ref>See: Sirat Ibn Kathir, vol. 4, pp. 410 & 413.</ref> and other places like al-Baqi‘; for instance, she narrated that the Prophet would visit al-Baqi‘ and pray for forgiveness for those buried there.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, Jafarian, p. 347.</ref>
Hadiths from Aisha include accounts about Masjid al-Haram<ref>See: Sirat b. Kathir, vol. 4, pp. 410 & 413.</ref> and other places like al-Baqi'; for instance, she narrated that the Prophet would visit al-Baqi' and pray for forgiveness for those buried there.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, Jafarian, p. 347.</ref>


Places Associated with Aisha in Medina
Places Associated with Aisha in Medina
![Aisha’s Column in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi](ستون عایشه در مسجد النبی.jpg)
![Aisha's Column in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi](ستون عایشه در مسجد النبی.jpg)
Aisha spent most of her life in Medina, and there are places in the city named after her or connected to her life.
Aisha spent most of her life in Medina, and there are places in the city named after her or connected to her life.


Masjid al-Tan‘im
Masjid al-Tan'im
{{Main|Masjid al-Tan‘im}}
{{Main|Masjid al-Tan'im}}
Masjid al-Tan‘im is a site designated as a Miqat (place for donning ihram) for Umrah al-Mufradah. It was once popularly known as Aisha’s Mosque because the Prophet (PBUH) instructed her to assume ihram from this location.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.</ref> An inscription from the mosque’s renovation in 310 AH also mentions Aisha’s name.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.</ref>
Masjid al-Tan'im is a site designated as a Miqat (place for donning ihram) for Umrah al-Mufradah. It was once popularly known as Aisha's Mosque because the Prophet (s) instructed her to assume ihram from this location.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.</ref> An inscription from the mosque's renovation in 310 AH also mentions Aisha's name.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.</ref>


The Sacred Chamber (Hujrah Sharifah)
The Sacred Chamber (Hujrah Sharifah)
{{Main|Chamber of the Messenger of Allah}}
{{Main|Chamber of the Messenger of Allah}}
According to the well-known view, the Prophet (PBUH) is buried in Aisha’s chamber (his residence with Aisha) within Al-Masjid an-Nabawi. Later, Abu Bakr and Umar ibn al-Khattab were also buried there.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 278.</ref>
According to the well-known view, the Prophet (s) is buried in Aisha's chamber (his residence with Aisha) within Al-Masjid an-Nabawi. Later, Abu Bakr and Umar b. al-Khattab were also buried there.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 278.</ref>


Aisha’s Column
Aisha's Column
{{Main|Aisha’s Column}}
{{Main|Aisha's Column}}
One of the columns in the Prophet’s Rawdah is called the Column of Aisha (As-Suwaydah). It is considered the third column from the Prophet’s pulpit and tomb, next to the current mihrab.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 380.</ref> There is disagreement about the reason for its name. The common view is that it was named so because Aisha narrated a hadith about the virtue of praying beside this column, or possibly because she designated and identified its location.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 381.</ref>
One of the columns in the Prophet's Rawdah is called the Column of Aisha (As-Suwaydah). It is considered the third column from the Prophet's pulpit and tomb, next to the current mihrab.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 380.</ref> There is disagreement about the reason for its name. The common view is that it was named so because Aisha narrated a hadith about the virtue of praying beside this column, or possibly because she designated and identified its location.<ref>Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 381.</ref>


Aisha’s Tomb in Al-Baqi‘
Aisha's Tomb in Al-Baqi'
{{Main|Shrine of the Wives of the Prophet (PBUH)}}
{{Main|Shrine of the Wives of the Prophet (s)}}
According to her will, Aisha was buried in Al-Baqi‘ Cemetery, alongside the other Mothers of the Believers.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; “The Sleepers of al-Baqi‘ (13),” p. 49.</ref> Her grave is near the burial site of Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari.<ref>Encyclopedia of al-Baqi‘ al-Sharif, p. 154.</ref> Later, an open enclosure was built over her grave and those of some of the other wives buried nearby. In the 9th century AH, a dome was constructed over it, which became known as Qubbat al-Zawjat (The Dome of the Prophet’s Wives).<ref>Al-Baqi‘ in the Mirror of Artistic Depictions, p. 23.</ref>
According to her will, Aisha was buried in Al-Baqi' Cemetery, alongside the other Mothers of the Believers.<ref>The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; "The Sleepers of al-Baqi' (13)," p. 49.</ref> Her grave is near the burial site of Jabir b. Abdullah al-Ansari.<ref>Encyclopedia of al-Baqi' al-Sharif, p. 154.</ref> Later, an open enclosure was built over her grave and those of some of the other wives buried nearby. In the 9th century AH, a dome was constructed over it, which became known as Qubbat al-Zawjat (The Dome of the Prophet's Wives).<ref>Al-Baqi' in the Mirror of Artistic Depictions, p. 23.</ref>

Revision as of 11:58, 3 July 2025

Aisha (Arabic: عائشة) was the third wife of Prophet Muhammad (s) and the daughter of Abu Bakr. Aisha is regarded as one of the outstanding women of early Islam, holding both political and social status, and more than two thousand hadiths have been narrated from her. Aisha has been criticized by Shi'a due to her disagreements with Imam Ali (a) and her confrontation with him in the Battle of the Camel.

There are places in Medina associated with Aisha. The most famous of these is the chamber of the Prophet (s), which was Aisha's residence with the Prophet (s) and is now the burial place of the Prophet (s), located within al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet's Mosque). A column in al-Masjid an-Nabawi is also known by her name. The al-Tan'im Mosque in Mecca is also commonly known as Aisha's Mosque. Aisha is buried in al-Baqi Cemetery alongside the other wives of the Prophet.

Biography

Aisha, the daughter of Abu Bakr b. Abi Quhafa, was one of the wives of the Prophet (s).[1] She was the Prophet's third wife after Khadija (a) and Sawda.[2]

There is disagreement about Aisha's age at the time of her marriage to the Prophet.[3] Some state she was nine years old,[4] but some reports suggest she was between 13 and 17,[5] or even 17 to 20 years old at the time of her marriage.[6]

Aisha passed away in 57/676-77, 58/677-78,[7] or 59/678-79,[8] and Abu Hurayra led her funeral prayer.[9]

During the Caliphate After the Prophet's death, Aisha strongly supported the rule of her father Abu Bakr, then Umar b. al-Khattab, and even during the first half of Uthman b. Affan's caliphate, she was a staunch supporter of the government of the time.[10] In the second half of Uthman's rule, she became dissatisfied with him, but after his assassination, she demanded revenge for his blood and confronted Imam Ali (a) in the Battle of the Camel.[11]

Aisha was defeated in the Battle of the Camel, and Imam Ali (a) returned her to Medina with respect.[12] She lived in Medina until Imam Ali's martyrdom (40 AH) and did not leave the city afterward.[13] Due to Aisha's stance against Ali (a)—especially her role in the Battle of the Camel—she has faced criticism from Shi'a scholars,[14] and she also prevented the burial of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a) next to the Prophet.[15]

Status Aisha is regarded as a prominent figure in the early Islamic period for her contributions in political, theological, hadith, and jurisprudential matters.[16] She is said to have been a jurist,[17] a Quran memorizer, an eloquent speaker,[18] and was known for her remarkable memory.[19] Sunni scholars have written extensively about her virtues.[20] She narrated many hadiths from the Messenger of Allah (s);[21] it is said that after the Prophet's death, she was a scholarly reference for the companions.[22] After Abu Hurayrah and Abdullah b. Umar b. al-Khattab, she is the third most prolific narrator of hadith from the Prophet (s). The number of her hadiths is said to exceed two thousand.[23]

Hadiths from Aisha include accounts about Masjid al-Haram[24] and other places like al-Baqi'; for instance, she narrated that the Prophet would visit al-Baqi' and pray for forgiveness for those buried there.[25]

Places Associated with Aisha in Medina ![Aisha's Column in Al-Masjid an-Nabawi](ستون عایشه در مسجد النبی.jpg) Aisha spent most of her life in Medina, and there are places in the city named after her or connected to her life.

Masjid al-Tan'im

Main article: Masjid al-Tan'im

Masjid al-Tan'im is a site designated as a Miqat (place for donning ihram) for Umrah al-Mufradah. It was once popularly known as Aisha's Mosque because the Prophet (s) instructed her to assume ihram from this location.[26] An inscription from the mosque's renovation in 310 AH also mentions Aisha's name.[27]

The Sacred Chamber (Hujrah Sharifah)

Main article: Chamber of the Messenger of Allah

According to the well-known view, the Prophet (s) is buried in Aisha's chamber (his residence with Aisha) within Al-Masjid an-Nabawi. Later, Abu Bakr and Umar b. al-Khattab were also buried there.[28]

Aisha's Column

Main article: Aisha's Column

One of the columns in the Prophet's Rawdah is called the Column of Aisha (As-Suwaydah). It is considered the third column from the Prophet's pulpit and tomb, next to the current mihrab.[29] There is disagreement about the reason for its name. The common view is that it was named so because Aisha narrated a hadith about the virtue of praying beside this column, or possibly because she designated and identified its location.[30]

Aisha's Tomb in Al-Baqi'

Main article: Shrine of the Wives of the Prophet (s)

According to her will, Aisha was buried in Al-Baqi' Cemetery, alongside the other Mothers of the Believers.[31] Her grave is near the burial site of Jabir b. Abdullah al-Ansari.[32] Later, an open enclosure was built over her grave and those of some of the other wives buried nearby. In the 9th century AH, a dome was constructed over it, which became known as Qubbat al-Zawjat (The Dome of the Prophet's Wives).[33]

  1. ↑ "A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 26; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.
  2. ↑ "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr in Quranic and Hadith Sciences Based on Reports and Historical Sources," p. 48.
  3. ↑ Al-Tabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 8, pp. 46–47; Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, p. 227.
  4. ↑ "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 48; "A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 25.
  5. ↑ Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A'zam (s), vol. 3, p. 287.
  6. ↑ "A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 37.
  7. ↑ "A Re-examination of Aisha's Age at Marriage with the Prophet," p. 27; The History of the Prophet of Islam, p. 58; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.
  8. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.
  9. ↑ Tarikh al-Islam wa Wafayat al-Mashahir wa al-A'lam, vol. 4, p. 164.
  10. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 147.
  12. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.
  13. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46.
  14. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, pp. 205–206, vol. 3, p. 322; Al-Sahih min Sirat al-Nabi al-A'zam (s), vol. 3, p. 291; Encyclopedia of al-Baqi' al-Sharif, p. 449.
  15. ↑ Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 415.
  16. ↑ "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42.
  17. ↑ Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.
  18. ↑ Encyclopedia of Amir al-Mu'minin Based on the Quran, Hadith, and History, vol. 4, p. 513.
  19. ↑ "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," pp. 43 & 48; The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 47.
  20. ↑ Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; Siyar A'lam al-Nubala', vol. 2, pp. 140–141.
  21. ↑ "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42.
  22. ↑ Tahdhib al-Kamal fi Asma' al-Rijal, vol. 35, pp. 233–235; "Clarifying the Scientific Role and Status of Aisha bint Abu Bakr…," p. 42; Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 148.
  23. ↑ Encyclopedia of Hadith, p. 149.
  24. ↑ See: Sirat b. Kathir, vol. 4, pp. 410 & 413.
  25. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, Jafarian, p. 347.
  26. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.
  27. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 172.
  28. ↑ Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 278.
  29. ↑ Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 380.
  30. ↑ Encyclopedia of Hajj and the Two Holy Sanctuaries, vol. 2, p. 381.
  31. ↑ The Role of Aisha in the History of Islam, vol. 1, p. 46; "The Sleepers of al-Baqi' (13)," p. 49.
  32. ↑ Encyclopedia of al-Baqi' al-Sharif, p. 154.
  33. ↑ Al-Baqi' in the Mirror of Artistic Depictions, p. 23.
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