Lady Khadija's House: Difference between revisions

From WikiHaj
VisualWikitext
m (Engineer moved page House of Lady Khadija to Lady Khadija's House)
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Lady Khadija's House''', (Arabic: {{ia|دار السيدة خديجة}}, Dar al-Sayyida Khadija), in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying [[Lady Khadija]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the [[Mawlid Fatima|birthplace of Lady Fatima(a)]] and other children of Khadija, and many [[Meccan verses]] of the [[Quran]] were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubbat al-Wahy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where [[Gabriel]] descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace.


'''The House of Lady Khadīja''',(Arabic:دار السیده الخدیجه;Dār al-sayyida al-khadīja ) the Prophet’s wife, in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet of Islam lived after marrying [[Khadija|Lady Khadīja]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the [[Mawlid Fatima|birthplace of Lady Fatima(s)]] and other children of Khadīja and many Meccan verses of the [[Quran]] were also revealed to the Prophet in that house and also Khadīja died in this house. Since the 6th century, this place has been known in sources as the birthplace of Lady Fatima, the daughter of the Prophet. Since then, there were two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubba al-Waḥy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship and the place where [[Gabriel]] descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be the birthplace of worship of [[lady Fatima(s)|lady Fatima]].
In the 14th/20th century, after [[House of Saud]] conquered [[Mecca]], this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place to develop [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] in 1410/1989, the remains of the old building of Khadija's house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]].


In the 14th AH/20th century CE, after [[House of Saʿūd]] conquered [[Mecca]], this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place with the aim of developing the Grand Mosque in 1410 AH/1989 CE, the remains of the old building of Khadīja’s house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of [[Masjid al-Ḥarām]].
==Location==


==location==
Lady Khadija's house was in [[Mecca]]<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, ''Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid'', p. 94.</ref> and it was located in the vicinity of [[Abu Sufyan]]'s house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>


Lady Khadīja’s house was in [[Mecca]]<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamānī, ''Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd'', p. 94.</ref>and it was located in the vicinity of [[Abū Sufyān|Abū Sufyān]]'s house. <ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>
This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with [[Lady Khadija]]<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many [[Meccan verses]] of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.<ref>al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref> [[Fatima(a)]] and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>
 
This house was the place where the Prophet lived with [[Khadīja|Lady Khadīja]]<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many Meccan verses of the Qurʾan were revealed in this house.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>[[Fatima|Lady Fatima]] and other children of Khadīja were born in this house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija and the Prophet lived in this house after that until he migrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref>


==Names==
==Names==


This house became known as the Dār (house) of [[Lady Khadīja]] because of her residence and it was also known as the birthplace of [[Fatima|Lady Fatima]] because of the birth of lady Fatima.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>                   
This house became known as the Dar (house) of [[Lady Khadija]] because of her residence and it was also known as [[Lady Fatima]]'s birthplace because of the birth of Lady Fatima there.<ref>al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>                   


==The first descriptions of Khadīja’s house==
==First Descriptions==


According to ʿAbu l-walīd Azraqī, a historian of the third century AH, this house was taken over by [[ʿAqīl b. Abī Ṭālib]] after the Prophet’s migration to [[Medina]]. [[Muʿāwīyah b. Abī Sufyān]] bought that house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from his father Abū Sufyān’s house.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahīra, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 286; Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dār Abī Sufyān<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref>Elsewhere, Azraqī says that the house was occupied by Mu'ttib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]] and the Prophet's cousin, one of the staunch enemies of the Prophet after the migration of the Prophet <ref>Ibn Saʿd,''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''
According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, ''al-Jami' al-laṭif'', p. 286; Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]], one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,<ref>Ibn Sa'd,''al-Tabaqat al-kubra''
  vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> and the Prophet did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>
  vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref>


Ibn Jubir (d. 614 AH) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th century AH. This house had two domes at that time. One is a larger dome called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet and Khadīja had lived, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet, and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima]] was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>
Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where [[Lady Fatima(a)]] was born.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr'', p. 81-82.</ref>


==Khadīja’s house in the 9th century==
==In the 9th/15th Century==


Taqī al-Dīn al-Fāsī (d. 832 AH), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadīja’s house, or according to him “the birthplace of [[Fatima]], and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>al-fāsī, al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>
Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "[[Mawlid Fatima]]", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.<ref>al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref>


al-fāsī says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall there are three altars and in front of it is a portico with four arches and five columns. And between these two porches is a courtyard. The other part of the house includes rooms. One is the birthplace of [[Fatima]], the other is the [[Qubba al-Waḥy]], and the third is the [[Mukhtabā]].<ref>Fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the same old area of the house that was in the time of the Prophet and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>fāsī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-fāsī,’s description until the eleventh decade.<ref>Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja'', p. 48.</ref>
Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 48.</ref>


==Khadīja’s house in the 13th and 14th century==
==Khadija's house in the 13th and 14th century==
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nāṣir al-Dīn Shah Qājār]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadīja(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of [[Lady Fatima(s)]] and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet(s) had  been famous.<ref> Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref>According to a report in 1265 A.H, in the place of Khadīja's house, a [[Takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Naṣir al-Din Shah Qajar]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadija(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of [[Lady Fatima(s)]] and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet(s) had  been famous.<ref> Miqat-i Ḥajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref>According to a report in 1265 A.H, in the place of Khadija's house, a [[Takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref>  


==Destruction of the house==
==Destruction of the house==


The Egyptian writer Muḥammad Ḥasanayn Haykal (d.1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. <ref>Haykal, Fī manzil al-waḥy, p. 227.</ref> . Muḥammad Luṭfī Jumʿa also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Luṭfī,''ayyām al-mabrūrra'', p. 78.</ref>
The Egyptian writer Muhammad Ḥasanayn Haykal (d.1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. <ref>Haykal, Fi manzil al-wahy, p. 227.</ref> . Muhammad Luṭfi Jum'a also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Luṭfi,''ayyam al-mabrurra'', p. 78.</ref>


==The construction of a Quranic school in the place of the house==
==The construction of a Quranic school in the place of the house==


In Jamādī l-ʾulā 1370 AH, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of lady Khadīja’s house.<ref> Yamānī, ''Dār Sayyida Khadīja'', p. 58.</ref> Muḥammad Ṭāhir Kurdī (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation.<ref>Kurdī,''al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref>This mosque was built by Sayyid ʿAbbās Qattān and it was known as Sayyid ʿAbbās’s Madrisah in Dār [[Umm al-Mu'minīn]] Khadīja.<ref>Yamānī,Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd, p. 58.</ref>
In Jamadi l-'ula 1370 AH, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of lady Khadija's house.<ref> Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 58.</ref> Muhammad Tahir Kurdi (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref>This mosque was built by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as Sayyid 'Abbas's Madrisah in Dar [[Umm al-Mu'minin]] Khadija.<ref>Yamani,Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 58.</ref>


==Merging in al- Masjid al-Ḥarām==
==Merging in al- Masjid al-Ḥaram==


At the end of the year 1410 AH/1989 AD, the Quran memorizing building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the [[Masjid al-Ḥarām|al-Masjid al-Ḥarām]]. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of lady Khadīja.<ref>Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd p. 60.</ref>Aḥmad Zakkī Yamānī, was present at the site during the construction operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Khadīja's house and gave a report of his observations in his book [[Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd]]. <ref>Yamānī, Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd p. 93 onwards.</ref>
At the end of the year 1410 AH/1989 AD, the Quran memorizing building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the [[Masjid al-Ḥaram|al-Masjid al-Ḥaram]]. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of lady Khadija.<ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 60.</ref>Ahmad Zakki Yamani, was present at the site during the construction operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book [[Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid]]. <ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 93 onwards.</ref>


==gallery ==
==gallery ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 1.jpg|early islam
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 1.jpg|early islam
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 4.JPG|After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥarām
file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 4.JPG|After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥaram
</gallery>
</gallery>
===== The picture of Sayyid Abbās school in the place of Lady Khadīja's house =====
===== The picture of Sayyid Abbas school in the place of Lady Khadija's house =====


<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
Line 68: Line 67:
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*ʿAbd al-Wahhāb Ibrāhīm Abū Solaymān .’’Al-Amākin al-mʾthūrah al-mutiwātirah fī makka al-mukarrama’’. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān li-Turāth, al-islāmī, 1431 AH.
*'Abd al-Wahhab Ibrahim Abu Solayman .''Al-Amakin al-m'thurah al-mutiwatirah fi makka al-mukarrama''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1431 AH.
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
*Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar''. Edited by Rushdi Ṣalih Mulhis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
*Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb. ''Al-Raḥla al-ḥijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqāfat al-Dīniyya, [n.d].
*Batanuni, Muhammad Labib. ''Al-Rahla al-hijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqafat al-Diniyya, [n.d].
*Al-Fāsī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-taqī. ''Al-Zuhūr al-muqattifa min tārīkh makka al-musharrifa''.edited by Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-dhahabī, Mecca: Maktaba Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH.
*Al-Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-taqi. ''Al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa''.edited by Muhammad Ḥusayn al-dhahabi, Mecca: Maktaba Nazar Muṣṭafa al-Baz, 1418 AH.
*Haykal, Muḥammad Ḥasanayn. ‘’Fī manzil al-waḥy’’. Cairo:  al-Hay’at al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li l-Kitab, 2010.
*Haykal, Muhammad Ḥasanayn. ‘'Fi manzil al-wahy''. Cairo:  al-Hay'at al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li l-Kitab, 2010.
*Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d]
*Ibrahim Raf'at Pasha. ''Mir'at al-haramayn, aw, al-rahlat al-hijaziyya wa al-haj wa masha'irihi al-diniyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, [n.d]
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt * al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.  
*Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al-Ḥashimi al-Baṣri. ''Al-Tabaqat * al-kubra''. Edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Aṭa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya,1410AH-1990.  
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: 1423AH:
*Ibn Zahira, Muhammad Jarullah. ''Al-Jami' al-laṭif fi faḍl-i Makka wa ahluha wa bina' al-Bayt al-Sharif''. Edited by 'Ali 'Umar. Cairo: 1423AH:
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Āthar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Panjāh safarnāma-yi ḥajj-i qajārī''. Tehran: Nashr-i ʿIlm, 1389 Sh.
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Panjah safarnama-yi hajj-i qajari''. Tehran: Nashr-i 'Ilm, 1389 Sh.
*Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Safarnāma Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwīz Atābakī. Mashhad: Intishārāt-i Āstān-i Quds-i Raḍawī, 1370 Sh.
*Jubayr, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwiz Atabaki. Mashhad: Intisharat-i Āstan-i Quds-i Raḍawi, 1370 Sh.
*Jumʿa, Muḥammad Luṭfī .''Ayyām al-mabrūrra fī al-buqāʿ al-Muqaddasa''. Cairo: ʿālim al-kutub, 1998.
*Jum'a, Muhammad Luṭfi .''Ayyam al-mabrurra fi al-buqa' al-Muqaddasa''. Cairo: 'alim al-kutub, 1998.
*Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: 1420 AH.
*Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''Al-Tarikh al-qawim li Makka wa bayt Allah al-karim''. Beirut: 1420 AH.
*Maghribī, Muḥammad ʿAlī .Aʿlām al- ḥijāz fī al-qarn al-rābiʿ al-ʿashar. Jeddah: Tihāma, 1401 AH.
*Maghribi, Muhammad 'Ali .A'lam al- hijaz fi al-qarn al-rabi' al-'ashar. Jeddah: Tihama, 1401 AH.
*Quarterly magazine of Mīqāt-i Ḥajj.  Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
*Quarterly magazine of Miqat-i Ḥajj.  Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
*Sulṭān Murād Mīrzā Ḥisām al-salṭana .’’Safarnāma makka’’. Edited by Rasūl Jaʿfarīyān, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1374 sh.
*Sulṭan Murad Mirza Ḥisam al-salṭana .''Safarnama makka''. Edited by Rasul Ja'fariyan, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1374 sh.
*Ṭabarī, ʿAlī b.ʿAbd al-Qādir. ''Al-Arj al-miskī fī al-tārīkh al-makkī''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijārīyya, 1416 AH:
*Tabari, 'Ali b.'Abd al-Qadir. ''Al-Arj al-miski fi al-tarikh al-makki''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijariyya, 1416 AH:
*Yamānī ,Aḥmad Zakkī.''Dār Sayyida Khadīja bint khūwaylīd fī makka al-mukarrama dirāsāt tārīkhīyya li-ddār wa maqiʿihā wa ʿimāratūha''. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān li-Turāth, al-islāmī, 1434 AH.
*Yamani ,Ahmad Zakki.''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid fi makka al-mukarrama dirasat tarikhiyya li-ddar wa maqi'iha wa 'imaratuha''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1434 AH.


{{end}}
{{end}}

Revision as of 12:27, 13 January 2024

Lady Khadija's House, (Arabic: دار السيدة خديجة, Dar al-Sayyida Khadija), in Mecca, was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying Lady Khadija until he migrated to Medina. This house was the birthplace of Lady Fatima(a) and other children of Khadija, and many Meccan verses of the Quran were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called Qubbat al-Wahy and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace.

In the 14th/20th century, after House of Saud conquered Mecca, this house was destroyed and later a building for teaching the Quran was built in its place. During the demolition and excavation of this place to develop al-Masjid al-Haram in 1410/1989, the remains of the old building of Khadija's house were found under the soil. This place has disappeared today and its location is in the area of al-Masjid al-Haram.

Location

Lady Khadija's house was in Mecca[1] and it was located in the vicinity of Abu Sufyan's house.[2]

This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with Lady Khadija[3] and many Meccan verses of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.[4] Fatima(a) and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.[5] It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to Medina.[6]

Names

This house became known as the Dar (house) of Lady Khadija because of her residence and it was also known as Lady Fatima's birthplace because of the birth of Lady Fatima there.[7]

First Descriptions

According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by 'Aqil b. Abi Talib after the Prophet(s) migrated to Medina. Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.[8] This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.[9] Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of Abu Lahab, one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,[10] but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the conquest of Mecca.[11]

Ibn Jubayr (d. 614/1217-8) mentioned this house in his travelogue at the end of the 6th/12th century. This house had two domes at the time. The larger dome was called the Dome of the Revelation, which was the place where the Prophet(s) used to worship, and the place where Gabriel descended on the Prophet(s), and the other is a small dome, where Lady Fatima(a) was born.[12]

In the 9th/15th Century

Taqi al-Din al-Fasi (d. 832/1428-9), the historian of Mecca, gave a detailed description of the building of Khadija's house, or according to him "Mawlid Fatima", and pointed out that this house is considered virtuous by the people and they visit it.[13]

Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the Qubbat al-Wahy.[14] Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.[15] The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.[16]

Khadija's house in the 13th and 14th century

In a travelogue from the end of the period of Naṣir al-Din Shah Qajar (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of Lady Khadija(s) that it had a marble floor, a dome was on the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and a room in it called the place of worship of the Prophet(s) had been famous.[17]According to a report in 1265 A.H, in the place of Khadija's house, a Takiyyah known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.[18]

Destruction of the house

The Egyptian writer Muhammad Ḥasanayn Haykal (d.1376 AH) visited the place of this house in 1354 AH. He writes: Wahhabis have destroyed the birthplace of lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty space and there is no trace of it. [19] . Muhammad Luṭfi Jum'a also confirmed the destruction of the house in his travelogue.[20]

The construction of a Quranic school in the place of the house

In Jamadi l-'ula 1370 AH, a building was built as a school for the memorization of the Holy Quran on the ground of lady Khadija's house.[21] Muhammad Tahir Kurdi (d. 1400 AH) also mentioned this foundation.[22]This mosque was built by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as Sayyid 'Abbas's Madrisah in Dar Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija.[23]

Merging in al- Masjid al-Ḥaram

At the end of the year 1410 AH/1989 AD, the Quran memorizing building was destroyed to expand the spaces on the eastern side of the al-Masjid al-Ḥaram. During the demolition operation, they found the remains of old buildings and it turned out that the place where these historical works were found is the house of lady Khadija.[24]Ahmad Zakki Yamani, was present at the site during the construction operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid. [25]

gallery

  • early islam

    early islam

  • After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥaram

    After the last expansion of the Al-Masjid al-Ḥaram

The picture of Sayyid Abbas school in the place of Lady Khadija's house

Lady Khadijah's house was apeared after the destruction of the Qur'an memorization school

Notes

  1. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 94.
  2. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 199.
  3. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  4. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  5. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  6. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka ,vol. 2, p. 199.
  7. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  8. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, al-Jami' al-laṭif, p. 286; Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289.
  9. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289.
  10. ↑ Ibn Sa'd,al-Tabaqat al-kubra vol. 4, p. 45.
  11. ↑ Azraqi, Akhbar Makka, vol. 2, p. 245.
  12. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Safarnama Ibn Jubayr, p. 81-82.
  13. ↑ al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.
  14. ↑ Fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol. 1, p. 360.
  15. ↑ fasi, Shifa' al-gharam, vol .1 p.360.
  16. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija, p. 48.
  17. ↑ Miqat-i Ḥajj, Num. 63, p. 70.
  18. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 289-290.
  19. ↑ Haykal, Fi manzil al-wahy, p. 227.
  20. ↑ Luṭfi,ayyam al-mabrurra, p. 78.
  21. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija, p. 58.
  22. ↑ Kurdi,al-Tarikh al-qawim, vol. 1, p. 290.
  23. ↑ Yamani,Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 58.
  24. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 60.
  25. ↑ Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 93 onwards.

References

  • 'Abd al-Wahhab Ibrahim Abu Solayman .Al-Amakin al-m'thurah al-mutiwatirah fi makka al-mukarrama. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1431 AH.
  • Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar. Edited by Rushdi Ṣalih Mulhis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
  • Batanuni, Muhammad Labib. Al-Rahla al-hijaziyya. Cairo: Al-Thiqafat al-Diniyya, [n.d].
  • Al-Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-taqi. Al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa.edited by Muhammad Ḥusayn al-dhahabi, Mecca: Maktaba Nazar Muṣṭafa al-Baz, 1418 AH.
  • Haykal, Muhammad Ḥasanayn. ‘'Fi manzil al-wahy. Cairo: al-Hay'at al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li l-Kitab, 2010.
  • Ibrahim Raf'at Pasha. Mir'at al-haramayn, aw, al-rahlat al-hijaziyya wa al-haj wa masha'irihi al-diniyya. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, [n.d]
  • Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al-Ḥashimi al-Baṣri. Al-Tabaqat * al-kubra. Edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Aṭa. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya,1410AH-1990.
  • Ibn Zahira, Muhammad Jarullah. Al-Jami' al-laṭif fi faḍl-i Makka wa ahluha wa bina' al-Bayt al-Sharif. Edited by 'Ali 'Umar. Cairo: 1423AH:
  • Ja'fariyan, Rasul. Āthar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh
  • Ja'fariyan, Rasul. Panjah safarnama-yi hajj-i qajari. Tehran: Nashr-i 'Ilm, 1389 Sh.
  • Jubayr, Muhammad b. Ahmad. Safarnama Ibn Jubayr. Translated by Parwiz Atabaki. Mashhad: Intisharat-i Āstan-i Quds-i Raḍawi, 1370 Sh.
  • Jum'a, Muhammad Luṭfi .Ayyam al-mabrurra fi al-buqa' al-Muqaddasa. Cairo: 'alim al-kutub, 1998.
  • Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. Al-Tarikh al-qawim li Makka wa bayt Allah al-karim. Beirut: 1420 AH.
  • Maghribi, Muhammad 'Ali .A'lam al- hijaz fi al-qarn al-rabi' al-'ashar. Jeddah: Tihama, 1401 AH.
  • Quarterly magazine of Miqat-i Ḥajj. Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage.
  • Sulṭan Murad Mirza Ḥisam al-salṭana .Safarnama makka. Edited by Rasul Ja'fariyan, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1374 sh.
  • Tabari, 'Ali b.'Abd al-Qadir. Al-Arj al-miski fi al-tarikh al-makki. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijariyya, 1416 AH:
  • Yamani ,Ahmad Zakki.Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid fi makka al-mukarrama dirasat tarikhiyya li-ddar wa maqi'iha wa 'imaratuha. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1434 AH.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/index.php?title=Lady_Khadija%27s_House&oldid=2213"