WikiHaj

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz: Difference between revisions

← Older edit
VisualWikitext
 
(5 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown)
Line 13: Line 13:


==Reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabawi==
==Reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabawi==
{{Main|Reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabawi (Walid ibn Abd al-Malik)}}
{{Main|Reconstruction of Masjid al-Nabawi (Walid b. Abd al-Malik)}}
During the caliphate of [[Walid b. Abd al-Malik]] and when Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was his governor in Medina, a relatively large expansion and construction of the Masjid al-Nabawi took place.<ref>Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, vol. 6, p. 436; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 284.</ref> The new expansion occurred to the east, west, and north. He purchased the remaining houses of the [[Wives of Muhammad|wives of the Prophet (s)]], the [[Fatima's house|House of Fatima]], and other houses adjacent to the mosque and added them to the mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:وفاء_الوفاء_سمهودی_ج۲.pdf&page=262 Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 2, p. 262]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=67 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 67 and p. 68].</ref>
During the caliphate of [[Walid b. Abd al-Malik]] and when Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was his governor in Medina, the Masjid al-Nabawi underwent a substantial expansion and reconstruction.<ref>Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk, vol. 6, p. 436; Tarikh Ya'qubi, vol. 2, p. 284.</ref> The new expansion occurred to the east, west, and north. He purchased the remaining parts of the houses of the [[Wives of Muhammad|wives of the Prophet (s)]], the [[Fatima's house|House of Fatima]], and other houses adjacent to the mosque and incorporated them into the mosque complex.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:وفاء_الوفاء_سمهودی_ج۲.pdf&page=262 Wafa al-Wafa, vol. 2, p. 262]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=67 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 67 and p. 68].</ref>


It is said that in this reconstruction, the area of the mosque was expanded to 200 by 200 cubits (100 by 100 square meters).<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=86 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 86].</ref> The covering and decoration of the walls of this period, which distinguishes it from other periods, consisted of marble, gold, mosaic tiles, and patterns of trees and their branches.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=70 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 70].</ref> In the new construction, in addition to strengthening the walls, the ceiling was raised to 12 meters, and two ceilings were built with a gap so that if rain came and penetrated the first ceiling, the second ceiling would prevent water from reaching the mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=71 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 71.]</ref>
It is said that in this reconstruction, the area of the mosque was expanded to 200 by 200 cubits (approximately 100 × 100 200 meters, or 10,000 square meters).<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=86 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 86].</ref> The walls were decorated and clad with marble, gold, mosaic tiles, and motifs depicting trees and foliage.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=70 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 70].</ref> In the new construction, in addition to strengthening the walls, the ceiling was raised to 12 meters, and a double-roof system was constructed, with a space between the two roofs so that if rainwater penetrated the first roof, the second would prevent it from reaching the mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A.pdf&page=71 Al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, p. 71.]</ref>


==Construction of Mosques in Medina==
==Construction of Mosques in Medina==
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, at the command of [[Walid ibn Abd al-Malik]], built mosques in all places where the Prophet had prayed. It is said that he was the first to use carved stones in the construction of mosques and the first to build hollow (mujawwaf) mihrabs for mosques.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fa/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, vol. 1, p. 74]; [https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fe/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf Al-Masajid al-Athariyah, p. 13]</ref> He also rebuilt the existing [[Mosques of Medina]]. For example, during his time, the original structure of [[Quba Mosque]] was demolished, and a new building was constructed for it.<ref>Athar Islami Makkah wa Madinah, p. 287.</ref>
Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, at the command of [[Walid b. Abd al-Malik]], constructed mosques at the places where the Prophet had prayed. He is said to have been the first to use ornamented stonework in the construction of mosques and the first to introduce recessed (mujawwaf) mihrabs into mosques.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fa/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, vol. 1, p. 74]; [https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fe/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf Al-Masajid al-Athariyah, p. 13]</ref> He also rebuilt the existing [[Mosques of Medina]]. For example, during his time, the original structure of [[Quba Mosque]] was dismantled, and a new building was constructed for it.<ref>Athar Islami Makkah wa Madinah, p. 287.</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
Retrieved from "https://en.wikihaj.com/view/Umar_ibn_Abd_al-Aziz"