Shadharwan: Difference between revisions
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{{Building | |||
| title = Shadharwan | |||
| image =شاذروان.jpeg | |||
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| other names = Ta'zir | |||
| place = [[Mecca]], [[Masjid al-haram]] | |||
| usage = Determining the location of the foundations of the [[Ka'ba]] during the era of Abraham, protecting the Ka'ba from floods | |||
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| founder = Abdullah b. Zubayr, | |||
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| reconstructions = The end of the third of hijra, the first decade of 670 AH/1271-2, 1098 AH/1686-7, 1417 AH/1996-7, 1394 sh/2015-6. | |||
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'''Shadharwan''' is a short, sloped protrusion located at the bottom of the Ka'ba's walls, except for the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]] and below the door of the Ka'ba. It is believed to be a part of the Ka'ba constructed by [[Abraham (a)|Abraham]], which was reduced by the Quraysh during the renovation of the [[Ka'ba]]. Shi'a jurists and some Sunni jurists consider performing [[Tawaf]] over it as invalid; arguing that the Tawaf should be performed around the Ka'ba, not inside it. | '''Shadharwan''' is a short, sloped protrusion located at the bottom of the Ka'ba's walls, except for the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]] and below the door of the Ka'ba. It is believed to be a part of the Ka'ba constructed by [[Abraham (a)|Abraham]], which was reduced by the Quraysh during the renovation of the [[Ka'ba]]. Shi'a jurists and some Sunni jurists consider performing [[Tawaf]] over it as invalid; arguing that the Tawaf should be performed around the Ka'ba, not inside it. | ||
Ali Akbar Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is drawn in front of the doorways and porches of kings and rulers. | Ali Akbar Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is drawn in front of the doorways and porches of kings and rulers. | ||
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Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is hung in front of the entrances and porches of the homes and palaces of kings and rulers.<ref>Dihkhudā, ''Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā'', under the word شاذروان. </ref> | Dehkhoda considers the origin of the word "Shadharwan" to be Persian, meaning a large curtain that is hung in front of the entrances and porches of the homes and palaces of kings and rulers.<ref>Dihkhudā, ''Lughatnāma-yi Dihkhudā'', under the word شاذروان. </ref> | ||
Some believe that it is called "Shadharwan" because [[Curtain of Ka'ba|the curtain of the Ka'ba]] is connected to the rings that are located on it (akin to a "curtain holder").<ref> Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', p. 67.</ref> | Some believe that it is called "Shadharwan" because [[Curtain of Ka'ba|the curtain of the Ka'ba]] is connected to the rings that are located on it (akin to a "curtain holder").<ref> Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', p. 67.</ref> | ||
Shadharwan is also referred to as "Ta'zir | Shadharwan is also referred to as "Ta'zir" because it serves as a type of belt or covering for the Ka'ba.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 3, p. 288.</ref> | ||
At the bottom of the side of Hijr Ismail, there is no Shadharwan, and likewise, there is no Shadharwan placed beneath the door of the Ka'ba. Instead, a flat step measuring 345 centimeters in length has been constructed there.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 289.</ref> | At the bottom of the side of Hijr Ismail, there is no Shadharwan, and likewise, there is no Shadharwan placed beneath the door of the Ka'ba. Instead, a flat step measuring 345 centimeters in length has been constructed there.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 289.</ref> | ||
==Background== | ==Background== | ||
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Before that, the Shadhrwan was in the form of a step, and sometimes people would perform [[Tawaf]] over it.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | Before that, the Shadhrwan was in the form of a step, and sometimes people would perform [[Tawaf]] over it.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | ||
The stones of the Shadharwan were replaced with flint stones in the year 1098 Hijri, by the order of Ahmad Pasha.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | The stones of the Shadharwan were replaced with flint stones in the year 1098 Hijri, by the order of Ahmad Pasha.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | ||
In the year 1417 AH/ 1996-7, during the reign of King Fahd, the fifth king of Saudi Arabia, the marble stones of the Shadharwan were also replaced. | In the year 1417 AH/ 1996-7, during the reign of King Fahd, the fifth king of Saudi Arabia, the marble stones of the Shadharwan were also replaced.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 296.</ref> | ||
Reports in historical sources also mention repairs and other modifications to parts of the Shadharwan in the years 542, 636, 661, 670, 838, 846, and 1040 of Hijra.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | Reports in historical sources also mention repairs and other modifications to parts of the Shadharwan in the years 542, 636, 661, 670, 838, 846, and 1040 of Hijra.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 295.</ref> | ||
==Eight pieces of marble== | |||
On the Shadharwan to the right of the Ka'ba's door, there are eight pieces of marble placed side by side. The color of these marbles is a matte yellow tending towards red.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | On the Shadharwan to the right of the Ka'ba's door, there are eight pieces of marble placed side by side. The color of these marbles is a matte yellow tending towards red.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | ||
Some have suggested, "It appears that these stones were placed here during the renovation of the Mataf area in the year 631 AH/ 1233-4.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | Some have suggested, "It appears that these stones were placed here during the renovation of the Mataf area in the year 631 AH/ 1233-4.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | ||
These pieces of stone are considered among the most valuable Islamic artifacts in the [[al-Masjid al-Haram|Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | These pieces of stone are considered among the most valuable Islamic artifacts in the [[al-Masjid al-Haram|Masjid al-Haram]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | ||
Each of the eight pieces is rectangular, with the largest measuring 33 centimeters in length and 21 centimeters in width. All of them are arranged together in a square formation, each side measuring 74 centimeters.<ref> Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | Each of the eight pieces is rectangular, with the largest measuring 33 centimeters in length and 21 centimeters in width. All of them are arranged together in a square formation, each side measuring 74 centimeters.<ref> Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 17.</ref> | ||
Rings have been installed on the Shadharwan which are used to secure the curtain of the | ==Shadharwan rings== | ||
Rings have been installed on the Shadharwan which are used to secure the curtain of the Ka'ba in place, preventing it from being displaced by the wind.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> | |||
These rings are made of yellow brass.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> | These rings are made of yellow brass.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> | ||
Initially, these rings were made of silver, and then in the year 1396 SH/2017-8, they were replaced with gold rings.<ref>«[https://www.yjc.news/fa/news/6100071 Installing gold rings on the Shadharwan of the Ka'ba]»</ref> | Initially, these rings were made of silver, and then in the year 1396 SH/2017-8, they were replaced with gold rings.<ref>«[https://www.yjc.news/fa/news/6100071 Installing gold rings on the Shadharwan of the Ka'ba]»</ref> | ||
In the past, there were 48 rings.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> The number was increased to 57 rings.<ref>[https://www.alwatan.com.sa/article/286823 «Shadherwan of the Ka'ba and the wall of Hatim in a new look»]</ref> | In the past, there were 48 rings.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'',vol. 3, p. 297.</ref> The number was increased to 57 rings.<ref>[https://www.alwatan.com.sa/article/286823 «Shadherwan of the Ka'ba and the wall of Hatim in a new look»]</ref> | ||
==Rulings== | ==Rulings== | ||
According to the fatwa of Shiite jurists, Tawaf on the Shadharwan is not valid.<ref>Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā'', p. 116.</ref> | According to the fatwa of Shiite jurists, Tawaf on the Shadharwan is not valid.<ref>Mūsawī Shāhrūdī, ''Jāmiʿal-fatāwā'', p. 116.</ref> | ||
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اجزا و متعلقات کعبه.jpg|The position of Shadharwan among other parts and belongings of the Ka'ba. | اجزا و متعلقات کعبه.jpg|The position of Shadharwan among other parts and belongings of the Ka'ba. | ||
ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه۲.jpg|The [[Hijr Isma'il]] side, which does not have a Shadharwan and a platform has been placed instead. | ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه۲.jpg|The [[Hijr Isma'il]] side, which does not have a Shadharwan and a platform has been placed instead. | ||
ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه.jpg|The side platform of | ضلع حجر اسماعیل از کعبه.jpg|The side platform of Hijr Ismail and the golden rings that replaced the silver rings in 2016. | ||
کعبه، شاذروان و در کعبه.jpeg|Under the door of the Ka'ba, there is no Shadharwan , and a staircase has been built instead. | کعبه، شاذروان و در کعبه.jpeg|Under the door of the Ka'ba, there is no Shadharwan , and a staircase has been built instead. | ||
هشت قطعه مرمر روی شاذروان.jpeg|Eight pieces of marble that are on the stone next to the door of the Ka'ba. | هشت قطعه مرمر روی شاذروان.jpeg|Eight pieces of marble that are on the stone next to the door of the Ka'ba. | ||
حلقههای شاذروان کعبه.jpg|Closing the Ka'ba curtain to the rings embedded in | حلقههای شاذروان کعبه.jpg|Closing the [[The Ka'ba's curtain|Ka'ba curtain]] to the rings embedded in Shadharwan . | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||