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According to the most Shi'a faqihs<ref>''Al-Muʿtabar'', vol.2, p.785; ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād'', vol.1, p.551</ref> the distance from Mecca should be 48 Arabic miles (~88km).<ref>''Al-Nihāya'', al-Ṭūsī, p.206; ''Al-Muʿtabar'', vol.2, p.784; ''Taḥrīr al-aḥkām'', vol.1, p.558</ref> Some Shia faqihs consider a quarter of the distance sufficient.<ref>''Al-Mabsūṭ'', al-Ṭūsī, vol.1, p.306; ''Al-Wasīla'', p.157; ''Ghunyat al-nuzuʿ'', p.151</ref> Their main reason is the contrast of "ḥāḍir" (present) and "musāfir" ([[traveler]]) in the verse Quran 2:196; as the minimum distance for a traveler in shari'a is four parasangs (~22 km) that distinguishes the "ḥāḍir" and "āfāqī".<ref>''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol.18, p.9</ref> some have summed up the two views that 88km means 22km in four directions of Mecca.<ref>''Al-Sarāʾir'', vol.1, p.519; ''Kashf al-rumūz'', vol.1, p.336; ''Majmaʿ al-fādʾida'', vol.6, p.15</ref>
According to the most Shi'a faqihs<ref>''Al-Muʿtabar'', vol.2, p.785; ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād'', vol.1, p.551</ref> the distance from Mecca should be 48 Arabic miles (~88km).<ref>''Al-Nihāya'', al-Ṭūsī, p.206; ''Al-Muʿtabar'', vol.2, p.784; ''Taḥrīr al-aḥkām'', vol.1, p.558</ref> Some Shia faqihs consider a quarter of the distance sufficient.<ref>''Al-Mabsūṭ'', al-Ṭūsī, vol.1, p.306; ''Al-Wasīla'', p.157; ''Ghunyat al-nuzuʿ'', p.151</ref> Their main reason is the contrast of "ḥāḍir" (present) and "musāfir" ([[traveler]]) in the verse Quran 2:196; as the minimum distance for a traveler in shari'a is four parasangs (~22 km) that distinguishes the "ḥāḍir" and "āfāqī".<ref>''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol.18, p.9</ref> some have summed up the two views that 88km means 22km in four directions of Mecca.<ref>''Al-Sarāʾir'', vol.1, p.519; ''Kashf al-rumūz'', vol.1, p.336; ''Majmaʿ al-fādʾida'', vol.6, p.15</ref>


The last view is not accepted by many faqihs for several reasons,<ref>''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p.27; ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād'', vol.1, p.551</ref> including, there are hadiths<ref>''Tahdhīb'', vol.5, p.32-33; ''Al-Istibṣār'', vol.2, p.157-58</ref> that people of places like [[Dhāt ʿĪrq]], [[ʿUsfān]], [[Marr]], and [[Sarf]] that are more than 22km away from Mecca,<ref>''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p.26; ''Kashf al-lithām'', vol.1, p.277</ref> are considered people of Mecca. There is a rare view in Shi'a fiqh that afaqi are considered people that have a distance of more than 33km from Mecca.<ref>see: ''Al-Kāfī'', al-Kulaynī, vol.4, p.300; ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol.18, p.8</ref>
The last view is not accepted by many faqihs for several reasons,<ref>''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p.27; ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād'', vol.1, p.551</ref> including, there are hadiths<ref>''Tahdhīb'', vol.5, p.32-33; ''Al-Istibṣār'', vol.2, p.157-58</ref> that people of places like [[Dhāt ʿIrq]], [[ʿUsfān]], [[Marr]], and [[Sarf]] that are more than 22km away from Mecca,<ref>''Mukhtalaf al-Shīʿa'', vol.4, p.26; ''Kashf al-lithām'', vol.1, p.277</ref> are considered people of Mecca. There is a rare view in Shi'a fiqh that afaqi are considered people that have a distance of more than 33km from Mecca.<ref>see: ''Al-Kāfī'', al-Kulaynī, vol.4, p.300; ''Jawāhir al-kalām'', vol.18, p.8</ref>


==Origin of the Distance==
==Origin of the Distance==
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==References==
==References==
{{ref}}
{{ref}}
{{encyclopedia|title=Afaqi|link=http://phz.hajj.ir/422/9560}}
* '''''Al-Durūs al-Sharʿīyya''''': al-Shahīd al-Awwal (786AH), Qom, Nashr-i Islāmī, 1412AH.
* '''''Al-Durūs al-Sharʿīyya''''': al-Shahīd al-Awwal (786AH), Qom, Nashr-i Islāmī, 1412AH.
* '''''Al-Inṣāf fī maʿrifat al-rājiḥ min al-khilāf''''': al-Mardāwī (885AH), ed. Muḥammad Ḥāmid, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʿ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1377AH.  
* '''''Al-Inṣāf fī maʿrifat al-rājiḥ min al-khilāf''''': al-Mardāwī (885AH), ed. Muḥammad Ḥāmid, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʿ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1377AH.  
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* '''''Al-Mughnī wa l-sharḥ al-kabīr''''': ʿAbd Allāh b. Qudāma (620AH) and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Qudāma (682AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.
* '''''Al-Mughnī wa l-sharḥ al-kabīr''''': ʿAbd Allāh b. Qudāma (620AH) and ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Qudāma (682AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya.
* '''''Al-Muqniʿa''''': al-Mufīd (413AH), Qom, Nashr-i Islāmī, 1410AH.
* '''''Al-Muqniʿa''''': al-Mufīd (413AH), Qom, Nashr-i Islāmī, 1410AH.
* '''''Al-Muʿtabar''''': al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī (676AH), Muʾassisa Sayyid al-Shuhadāʾ, 1363Sh.
* '''''Al-Muʿtabar''''': al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī (676AH), Muʾassasa Sayyid al-Shuhadāʾ, 1363Sh.
* '''''Al-Nihāya''''': Ibn Athīr Mubārak b. Muḥammad al-Jazarī (606AH), ed. Maḥmūd Muḥammad and Ṭāhir Aḥmad, Qom, Ismāʿīlīyan, 1367Sh.
* '''''Al-Nihāya''''': Ibn Athīr Mubārak b. Muḥammad al-Jazarī (606AH), ed. Maḥmūd Muḥammad and Ṭāhir Aḥmad, Qom, Ismāʿīlīyan, 1367Sh.
* '''''Al-Nihāya''''':al-Ṭūsī (460AH), ed. Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1400AH.
* '''''Al-Nihāya''''':al-Ṭūsī (460AH), ed. Āghā Buzurg Tihrānī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1400AH.
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* '''''Dhikrā''''': al-Shahīd al-Awwal (786AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt (a), 1419AH.
* '''''Dhikrā''''': al-Shahīd al-Awwal (786AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt (a), 1419AH.
* '''''Fatḥ al-ʿazīz''''': ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad al-Rāfiʿī (623AH), Dār al-Fikr.q
* '''''Fatḥ al-ʿazīz''''': ʿAbd al-Karīm b. Muḥammad al-Rāfiʿī (623AH), Dār al-Fikr.q
* '''''Ghunyat al-nuzuʿ''''': al-Ḥalabī (585AH), ed. Bahādurī, Qom, Muʾassisa-yi Imām Ṣādiq, 1417AH.
* '''''Ghunyat al-nuzuʿ''''': al-Ḥalabī (585AH), ed. Bahādurī, Qom, Muʾassasa-yi Imām Ṣādiq, 1417AH.
* '''''Hashīyat al-Dusūqī''''': al-Dusūqī (1230AH), Dār Iḥyāʿ al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyya.
* '''''Hashīyat al-Dusūqī''''': al-Dusūqī (1230AH), Dār Iḥyāʿ al-Kutub al-ʿArabīyya.
* '''''Hāshīyat radd al-mukhtār''''': Ibn ʿAbidīn (1252AH), ed. Maktabat al-Buḥūth, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1415AH.
* '''''Hāshīyat radd al-mukhtār''''': Ibn ʿAbidīn (1252AH), ed. Maktabat al-Buḥūth, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1415AH.
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* '''''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ''''': al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (726AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt, 1414AH.
* '''''Tadhkirat al-fuqahāʾ''''': al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (726AH), Qom, Āl al-Bayt, 1414AH.
* '''''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'' ''': al-Ṭūsī (460AH), ed. Mūsawī and Ākhundī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1365Sh.
* '''''Tahdhīb al-aḥkām'' ''': al-Ṭūsī (460AH), ed. Mūsawī and Ākhundī, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1365Sh.
* '''''Taḥrīr al-aḥkām al-sharʿīyya''': al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (726AH), ed. Bahādurī, Qom, Muʾassisat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq, 1420AH.
* '''''Taḥrīr al-aḥkām al-sharʿīyya''': al-ʿAllāma al-Ḥillī (726AH), ed. Bahādurī, Qom, Muʾassasat al-Imām al-Ṣādiq, 1420AH.
* '''''Tuḥfat al-fuqahāʾ''''': ʿAlaʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (539AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414AH.
* '''''Tuḥfat al-fuqahāʾ''''': ʿAlaʾ al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (539AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414AH.
* '''''Tāj al-ʿarūs''''': al-Zubaydī (1205AH), ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1414AH.
* '''''Tāj al-ʿarūs''''': al-Zubaydī (1205AH), ed. ʿAlī Shīrī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1414AH.
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