Secrets of Sacrifice: Difference between revisions
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== Sacrifice == | == Sacrifice == | ||
{{Main|Sacrifice}} "Sacrifice" is one of the obligatory [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj,]] | {{Main|Sacrifice}} "Sacrifice" is one of the obligatory [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj,]] referring to the ritual slaughter of a sheep or cow or the ritual slaughter (naḥr) of a camel, to draw closer to God.<ref>Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, vol. 1, p. 260; Muntahā al-Maṭlab, vol. 11, p. 183; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 136; al-Badāʾiʿ, vol. 5, p. 69; al-Majmūʿ, vol. 8, p. 398; al-Mughnī, vol. 11, pp. 96, 118; Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, vol. 2, p. 955; Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 10, chapter 10 of the chapters on slaughter, hadith 1, 2, and 5.</ref><ref>Maqāyīs al-Lugha, vol. 5, p. 80.</ref> [[Shi'a]] jurists consider its location to be [[Mina]] and the time for performing it is [[Eid al-Adha]],<ref>Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ, vol. 8, p. 252; Riyāḍ al-Masāʾil, vol. 6, p. 400; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 120; Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 10, chapter 28 of the chapters on slaughter, hadith 2; chapter 4 of the chapters on slaughter, hadith 1, 5, 6, and 7.</ref><ref>Madārik al-Aḥkām, vol. 8, p. 27; Mustanad al-Shīʿa, vol. 12, p. 299; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 223.</ref> but [[Ahl al-Sunna]] jurists permit it from the tenth to the twelfth of Dhu l-Hijja.<ref>Al-Mawsūʿa al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaytiyya, vol. 42, p. 249.</ref>sacrificial animal must meet the prescribed health and age requirements; a well-fattened animal is also recommended in some sources,<ref>Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām, vol. 1, p. 260; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 139; Sunan al-Tirmidhī, vol. 4, p. 87.</ref><ref>Mustanad al-Shīʿa, vol. 12, p. 307; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, pp. 136-138; al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Nāḍira, vol. 17, pp. 88-91.</ref> and according to most jurists, it is recommended that its meat be divided among the pilgrim, the needy, and others.<ref>Al-Nihāya, p. 261; Riyāḍ al-Masāʾil, vol. 6, p. 428; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 157; ʿIlal al-Sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 438.</ref><ref name=":1">Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref> | ||
== Philosophy of Sacrifice == | == Philosophy of Sacrifice == | ||
According to a hadith from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], if people knew the benefits of sacrifice, they would perform it even by taking a loan.<ref>ʿIlal al-Sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 440.</ref> According to the [[Quran]], God has introduced sacrifice as one of the divine symbols and signs,<ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 2; Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref> and considered it a means for the establishment<ref>Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr, root q-w-m.</ref> and uprightness of people.<ref>Tafsīr Kabīr, vol. 12, p. 100; Tafsīr al-Mīzān, vol. 6, p. 142; Tafsīr-e Nemūne, vol. 5, p. 90.</ref> | According to a hadith from [[Imam 'Ali (a)]], if people knew the benefits of sacrifice, they would perform it even by taking a loan.<ref>ʿIlal al-Sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 440.</ref> According to the [[Quran]], God has introduced sacrifice as one of the divine symbols and signs,<ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 2; Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref> and considered it a means for the establishment<ref>Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr, root q-w-m.</ref> and uprightness of people.<ref>Tafsīr Kabīr, vol. 12, p. 100; Tafsīr al-Mīzān, vol. 6, p. 142; Tafsīr-e Nemūne, vol. 5, p. 90.</ref> | ||
[[Shi'a]] sources have explained several esoteric wisdoms for sacrifice; among them are the forgiveness of sins and drawing closer to God. It is narrated in traditions that by sacrificing, the pilgrim is saved from the fire of hell, and the first drop of its blood causes the forgiveness of sins.<ref>Al-Maḥāsin, vol. 1, p. 67.</ref><ref>Biḥār al-Anwār, vol. 96, pp. 296-298.</ref> The Quran also considers sacrifice a sign of piety and a means of glorifying divine symbols and drawing closer to God.<ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 37.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 27.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref> Also, sacrifice on the day of Eid is considered following the tradition of Prophet Abraham (a) and submission to God's command.<ref>Sura Al-Saffat, verse 107.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 2.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 34.</ref><ref>Darsnāme-ye Pīshrāmadī bar Farhangnāme-ye Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj, p. 228.</ref> | [[Shi'a]] sources have explained several esoteric wisdoms for sacrifice; among them are the forgiveness of sins and drawing closer to God. It is narrated in traditions that by sacrificing, the pilgrim is saved from the fire of hell, and the first drop of its blood causes the forgiveness of sins.<ref>Al-Maḥāsin, vol. 1, p. 67.</ref><ref>Biḥār al-Anwār, vol. 96, pp. 296-298.</ref> The Quran also considers sacrifice a sign of piety and a means of glorifying divine symbols and drawing closer to God.<ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 37.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 27.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref> Also, sacrifice on the day of Eid is considered following the tradition of [[Abraham (a)|Prophet Abraham(a)]] and submission to God's command.<ref>Sura Al-Saffat, verse 107.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Ma'ida, verse 2.</ref><ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 34.</ref><ref>Darsnāme-ye Pīshrāmadī bar Farhangnāme-ye Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj, p. 228.</ref> | ||
Some authors, based on narrations, have considered the reality of sacrifice to be the killing of the | Some authors, based on narrations, have considered the reality of sacrifice to be the killing of the lower self and it's desires;<ref>Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj: bā Ilhām az Sakhānān-e Ḥakīm Mutaʾallih Āyatullāh Sayyid Abu l-Ḥasan Rafīʿī Qazvīnī, pp. 40 and 41.</ref><ref>Miʿrāj al-Saʿāda, p. 71; Darsnāme-ye Pīshrāmadī bar Farhangnāme-ye Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj, p. 229.</ref> as [[Imam Sadiq (a)]] calls upon the [[pilgrim]] to cut the throat of greed and lust when sacrificing.<ref>Miṣbāḥ al-Sharīʿa, p. 92.</ref> In Islamic jurisprudence, a pilgrim who is unable to offer the prescribed sacrifice must fast for three days during Hajj and seven days after returning home. Some spiritual interpretations associate this substitute with disciplining the lower self.<ref>Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-Nāḍira, vol. 17, p. 117; Jawāhir al-Kalām, vol. 19, p. 126; al-Fiqh ʿalā al-Madhāhib al-Khamsa, vol. 1, p. 400; Mustanad al-Shīʿa, vol. 12, p. 343.</ref><ref>Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj: bā Ilhām az Sakhānān-e Ḥakīm Mutaʾallih Āyatullāh Sayyid Abu l-Ḥasan Rafīʿī Qazvīnī, pp. 40 and 41.</ref> | ||
Also, by referring to Quranic verses,<ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref><ref>Sura Luqman, verse 28.</ref> sacrificing is considered a form of gratitude for the blessing of livestock being subdued for humans.<ref>Az Mīqāt tā ʿArafāt, pp. 130 and 131; Darsnāme-ye Pīshrāmadī bar Farhangnāme-ye Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj, p. 234.</ref><ref>Jurʿaʾī az Ṣahbā-ye Ḥajj, p. 228.</ref> | Also, by referring to Quranic verses,<ref>Sura Al-Hajj, verse 36.</ref><ref>Sura Luqman, verse 28.</ref> sacrificing is considered a form of gratitude for the blessing of livestock being subdued for humans.<ref>Az Mīqāt tā ʿArafāt, pp. 130 and 131; Darsnāme-ye Pīshrāmadī bar Farhangnāme-ye Asrār va Maʿārif-e Ḥajj, p. 234.</ref><ref>Jurʿaʾī az Ṣahbā-ye Ḥajj, p. 228.</ref> | ||