Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar: Difference between revisions
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'''Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar''' refers to the underlying meanings and wisdom of the pilgrims’ | '''Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar''' refers to the underlying meanings and wisdom of the pilgrims’ [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|Wuquf at Mash'ar]] is one of the obligatory rites of Hajj, during which pilgrims, after leaving Arafat, spend the night of [[Eid al-Adha]] in the land of Mash'ar([[Muzdalifa]]) (located between [[Mecca]] and Arafat) and remain there until sunrise. Staying from dawn until sunrise is considered one of the [[Arkan of Hajj|pillars of Hajj]]. Reciting [[supplication]], remembering God, and collecting pebbles for the [[Ramy al-Jamarat]] are among the recommended acts (mustahabbat) of [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|Wuquf]]. | ||
Among the philosophies of staying in Mash'ar is preparing to enter the [[Haram (Mecca)|Haram]] (Sacred Precinct), | Among the philosophies of staying in Mash'ar is preparing to enter the [[Haram (Mecca)|Haram]] (Sacred Precinct), offering the sacrificial animal, and visiting the [[Ka'ba]]. Furthermore, in traditions, this place is described as the threshold of the second gate to the Haram, where the [[pilgrim]] is granted permission to enter through weeping and supplication. Mash'ar is a place for the descent of mercy, the forgiveness of sins, and the acceptance of prayers, and [[Wuquf]] there increases hope for divine forgiveness. Verse 198 of Sura Al-Baqara identifies [[Mash'ar al-Haram]] as a place for the remembrance of God, and according to some exegetes, the secret of staying there is to awaken the heart to piety and the fear of God. | ||
Regarding the etiquette of the stay, there are recommendations to practice patience and avoid haste or causing annoyance to others, as rushing was a custom of the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic era]]. [[Imam Sadiq ( | Regarding the etiquette of the stay, there are recommendations to practice patience and avoid haste or causing annoyance to others, as rushing was a custom of the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic era]]. [[Imam Sadiq (a)]] considered the abandonment of arrogance a condition for attracting God's mercy, defining pride as "offending people and rejecting the truth." Reciting the supplication "Fakka raqabati min al-nar" (Free my neck from the Fire) and seeking forgiveness, asking God to pardon one's shortcomings and maintaining [[piety]] in Mash'ar are highly recommended. It is said that these supplications indicate that Mash'ar is a place for [[seeking forgiveness]], the preservation and soundness of one's faith, the acceptance of rituals, and the blessing of deeds. | ||
== Wuquf | == Wuquf at Mash'ar == | ||
{{Main|Wuquf | {{Main|Wuquf at Mash'ar}} | ||
Wuquf at Mash'ar, meaning staying at [[Mash'ar]] from the dawn of [[Eid al-Adha]] until sunrise, is the third obligatory act of [[Hajj]].<ref>''Hajj in Islamic Thought'', p. 288.</ref> The minimum stay in Mash'ar is considered a [[Arkan of Hajj|pillar of Hajj]].<ref>''Encyclopedia of Hajj and Umrah Terms'', p. 276.</ref> Mash'ar is a land situated between the city of [[Mecca]] and [[Arafat]]<ref>''Shifa' al-Gharam'', Vol. 1, pp. 505 and 507.</ref> where [[pilgrim|pilgrims]], after [[Wuquf at 'Arafat]], travel to this land and perform their [[Wuquf at al-Mash'ar|Wuquf]].<ref>''Yanabi' al-Fiqhiyyah'', Vol. 7, p. 198; ''Sharayi'', p. 634.</ref> This land is located between the mountain pass of [[Ma'zamayn]] and [[Wadi Muhassir]] and is approximately four kilometers long.<ref>''Mir'at al-Haramayn'', Vol. 1, p. 341.</ref> | |||
Reciting supplications, remembering God, and gathering the pebbles that must be thrown at the [[Jamarat]] in [[Mina]] are among the [[mustahab|recommended acts]] of the stay in Mash'ar.<ref>[https://hadith.inoor.ir/fa/hadith/101083/translate Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 543]; Translation of Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Vol. 3, p. 447.</ref> | Reciting supplications, remembering God, and gathering the pebbles that must be thrown at the [[Jamarat]] in [[Mina]] are among the [[mustahab|recommended acts]] of the stay in Mash'ar.<ref>[https://hadith.inoor.ir/fa/hadith/101083/translate Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Vol. 2, p. 543]; Translation of Man la Yahduruhu al-Faqih, Vol. 3, p. 447.</ref> | ||
== Philosophy of Wuquf in Mash'ar == | == Philosophy of Wuquf in Mash'ar == | ||
=== Preparation for Entering the Haram === | === Preparation for Entering the Haram === | ||
In traditions, Mash'ar is considered the threshold of the second gate to the [[Haram (Mecca)|Mecca Haram]], where the [[pilgrim]], by staying, weeping, and purifying themselves in Mash'ar, receives permission to perform the sacrifice<ref>''Kafi'', Vol. 1, p. 224, Hadith 4; ''Al-Tahdhib'', Vol. 17, p. 448, Hadith 5.</ref> and [[pilgrimage]] to the [[Kaaba|House of God]].<ref>[http://lib.hajj.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/297/1/236 Hajj and Umrah in the Quran and Hadith, p. 236], citing: Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Vol. 5, p. 448, Hadith 1565; Kanz al-Fawa'id, Vol. 2, p. 81; Al-Manaqib, Ibn Shahr Ashub, Vol. 2, p. 378.</ref> Some have considered the stay in Mash'ar as a means of preparation for the next day's struggle against the devil in the form of the [[Ramy al- | In traditions, Mash'ar is considered the threshold of the second gate to the [[Haram (Mecca)|Mecca Haram]], where the [[pilgrim]], by staying, weeping, and purifying themselves in Mash'ar, receives permission to perform the sacrifice<ref>''Kafi'', Vol. 1, p. 224, Hadith 4; ''Al-Tahdhib'', Vol. 17, p. 448, Hadith 5.</ref> and [[pilgrimage]] to the [[Kaaba|House of God]].<ref>[http://lib.hajj.ir/View/fa/Book/BookView/Image/297/1/236 Hajj and Umrah in the Quran and Hadith, p. 236], citing: Tahdhib al-Ahkam, Vol. 5, p. 448, Hadith 1565; Kanz al-Fawa'id, Vol. 2, p. 81; Al-Manaqib, Ibn Shahr Ashub, Vol. 2, p. 378.</ref> Some have considered the stay in Mash'ar as a means of preparation for the next day's struggle against the devil in the form of the [[Ramy al-Jamarat]] ritual.<ref name=":0">''Al-Akhlaq'', p. 125.</ref> | ||
=== Attracting Divine Forgiveness and Mercy === | === Attracting Divine Forgiveness and Mercy === | ||
A tradition from the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet (s)]] points to the descent of divine blessings, the forgiveness of sinners for the sake of the righteous, and the answering of prayers in Mash'ar.<ref>Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 3024; a similar hadith regarding Arafat appears in Shia sources.</ref> By comparing the location of the land of Arafat (which is outside the Haram boundaries) with [[Mash'ar]], which is within the boundaries of the [[Haram (Mecca)|Mecca Haram]], some believe that one can have greater hope for divine mercy and closeness to God during the second stay of the [[pilgrims]] in the land of Mash'ar.<ref name=":0" /><ref>''Lesson Plan: An Introduction to the Encyclopedia of Secrets and Teachings of Hajj'', pp. 208 and 209.</ref> | A tradition from the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet (s)]] points to the descent of divine blessings, the forgiveness of sinners for the sake of the righteous, and the answering of prayers in Mash'ar.<ref>Sunan Ibn Majah, Hadith 3024; a similar hadith regarding Arafat appears in Shia sources.</ref> By comparing the location of the land of Arafat (which is outside the Haram boundaries) with [[Mash'ar]], which is within the boundaries of the [[Haram (Mecca)|Mecca Haram]], some believe that one can have greater hope for divine mercy and closeness to God during the second stay of the [[pilgrims]] in the land of Mash'ar.<ref name=":0" /><ref>''Lesson Plan: An Introduction to the Encyclopedia of Secrets and Teachings of Hajj'', pp. 208 and 209.</ref> | ||
=== Increasing the Remembrance of God and Piety in the Hearts of Pilgrims === | === Increasing the Remembrance of God and Piety in the Hearts of Pilgrims === | ||
Verse 198 of | Verse 198 of Sura Al-Baqara{{enote|فَاذْكُرُوا اللهَ عِنْدَ الْمَشْعَرِ الْحَرَامِ}} identifies [[Mash'ar al-Haram]] as a place for the remembrance of God. According to Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, the spiritual purpose of wuquf and spending the night at Mash'ar al-Haram is for pilgrims to awaken their hearts to piety and make God-consciousness and reverence for God guiding principles of their inner lives.<ref>Cited in: ''Lesson Plan: An Introduction to the Encyclopedia of Secrets and Teachings of Hajj'', p. 210.</ref> | ||
== Philosophy of the Etiquette of Wuquf == | == Philosophy of the Etiquette of Wuquf == | ||
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In a hadith from [[Imam Sadiq (a)]], there is an injunction to be patient in movement and to take care not to disturb others during the crowds in Mash'ar.<ref>''Wasa'il'', Vol. 14, p. 6.</ref> It is said that haste and rushing, accompanied by noise and commotion when departing from Arafat, were customs of pilgrims during the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic period]].<ref>''Ilal al-Sharayi'', p. 444.</ref> | In a hadith from [[Imam Sadiq (a)]], there is an injunction to be patient in movement and to take care not to disturb others during the crowds in Mash'ar.<ref>''Wasa'il'', Vol. 14, p. 6.</ref> It is said that haste and rushing, accompanied by noise and commotion when departing from Arafat, were customs of pilgrims during the [[Jahiliyyah|pre-Islamic period]].<ref>''Ilal al-Sharayi'', p. 444.</ref> | ||
=== Abandoning Arrogance and Expressing | === Abandoning Arrogance and Expressing humility and kindness toward others === | ||
[[Imam Sadiq (a)]] in a tradition recommended casting aside pride in the land of Mash'ar, stating that the philosophy behind this is to attract God's mercy to the pilgrim if they remove pride from their heart.<ref>''Al-Mahasin'', Vol. 1, p. 141.</ref> | [[Imam Sadiq (a)]] in a tradition recommended casting aside pride in the land of Mash'ar, stating that the philosophy behind this is to attract God's mercy to the pilgrim if they remove pride from their heart.<ref>''Al-Mahasin'', Vol. 1, p. 141.</ref> | ||