Karbala: Difference between revisions
Pourghorbani (talk | contribs) Created page with " '''Karbala''' is a city in Iraq, located beside the Euphrates River and 104 kilometers from Baghdad. As the capital of Karbala Province, the city has a hot and dry climate and a population of over 1.2 million people, most of whom are Shia and Arabic-speaking. Karbala was known before Islam by names such as “Kur Babel” (Temple of God), but its worldwide fame is due to the event of Ashura and the presence of the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) and the shri..." |
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The names Ninawa, Ghadhriya, and Hayr (or Ha’ir) have also been used for this geographical area.(9) Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 179. | The names Ninawa, Ghadhriya, and Hayr (or Ha’ir) have also been used for this geographical area.(9) Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 179. | ||
===Historical and Linguistic Perspectives=== | ===Historical and Linguistic Perspectives=== | ||
* | *Connection with Babylon: | ||
Assyrian Origin: Another theory suggests that "Karbala" comes from the Assyrian words "Karb," meaning sanctuary, and "El," meaning God; therefore, Karbala would mean "Sanctuary of God."(11) Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 179. | Some researchers have suggested that "Karbala" is derived from the term "Kur Babel"; during the Chaldean period (612–539 BCE), this area was also called "Kur Babel," meaning "Temple of God," because at that time, large temples and places of worship of Christians existed in this region.(10) Shamīm Yār. Vīzheh Zāʾirān-i ʿAtabāt ʿĀliyāt.,p. 29. | ||
Assyrian Origin: | |||
Another theory suggests that "Karbala" comes from the Assyrian words "Karb," meaning sanctuary, and "El," meaning God; therefore, Karbala would mean "Sanctuary of God."(11) Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿah al-ʿAtabāt al-Muqaddasa",vol. 8,p. 179. | |||
Arabic Origin: Some have said that Karbala comes from "Karbala," meaning weakness or purity, because the land of this area was either soft or clean and free of stones and impurities. | Arabic Origin: Some have said that Karbala comes from "Karbala," meaning weakness or purity, because the land of this area was either soft or clean and free of stones and impurities. | ||
Also, "Karbal" in Arabic refers to a particular type of grass, and it is possible that the name Karbala was given due to the abundance of this plant in that land.(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī,"Muʿjam al-Buldān",vol. 4,p. 445. | Also, "Karbal" in Arabic refers to a particular type of grass, and it is possible that the name Karbala was given due to the abundance of this plant in that land.(12) Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī,"Muʿjam al-Buldān",vol. 4,p. 445. | ||
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Ibrahim Mujab, the grandson of the seventh Imam (AS), is considered the first Alawi to settle in Karbala around the year 247 AH.After him, houses and markets emerged around his home and near the shrine of Aba Abdillah al-Hussain (AS). | Ibrahim Mujab, the grandson of the seventh Imam (AS), is considered the first Alawi to settle in Karbala around the year 247 AH.After him, houses and markets emerged around his home and near the shrine of Aba Abdillah al-Hussain (AS). | ||
When Adud al-Dawla Daylami of the Buyid dynasty visited Karbala in 370 AH, the population of Sayyids and Alawis in the city had reached 2,200 people.(19) Klīddār Āl Ṭuʿmah, "Baghīyat al-Nubalāʾ fī Tārīkh Karbalā" ,p. 29/30. | When Adud al-Dawla Daylami of the Buyid dynasty visited Karbala in 370 AH, the population of Sayyids and Alawis in the city had reached 2,200 people.(19) Klīddār Āl Ṭuʿmah, "Baghīyat al-Nubalāʾ fī Tārīkh Karbalā" ,p. 29/30. | ||
Some Historical Events | ===Some Historical Events=== | ||
Wahhabi Attack (1216 AH): On Eid al-Ghadir in the year 1216 AH, the Wahhabi army from Najd, numbering about 25,000, attacked Karbala.The city's governor at the time, Umar Agha, fled without resistance, leaving the city defenseless. | Wahhabi Attack (1216 AH): | ||
On Eid al-Ghadir in the year 1216 AH, the Wahhabi army from Najd, numbering about 25,000, attacked Karbala.The city's governor at the time, Umar Agha, fled without resistance, leaving the city defenseless. | |||
The Wahhabis, under the slogan "Kill the polytheists," massacred the people; in six hours, over five thousand were martyred.The shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was destroyed, and the city's properties were looted.(20) Ṭālebī al-Isfahānī ," Masīr Ṭālebī",vol. 3,p. 408/409. | The Wahhabis, under the slogan "Kill the polytheists," massacred the people; in six hours, over five thousand were martyred.The shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was destroyed, and the city's properties were looted.(20) Ṭālebī al-Isfahānī ," Masīr Ṭālebī",vol. 3,p. 408/409. | ||
Many scholars and seminary students of Karbala were also martyred in this tragedy.Sayyid Ali Tabatabai (author of Riyas) miraculously survived this attack.(21) Khwānsārī, " Rawḍāt al-Jinān fī Aḥwāl al-ʿUlamāʾ wa al-Sādāt ",vol. 4,p. 405. | Many scholars and seminary students of Karbala were also martyred in this tragedy.Sayyid Ali Tabatabai (author of Riyas) miraculously survived this attack.(21) Khwānsārī, " Rawḍāt al-Jinān fī Aḥwāl al-ʿUlamāʾ wa al-Sādāt ",vol. 4,p. 405. | ||
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Attack by the Ba'ath Regime of Iraq (1412 AH / 1369 SH): During the Sha’baniyah Uprising in 1412 AH, Iraqi Ba'ath forces stormed the holy shrines of Najaf and Karbala. | Attack by the Ba'ath Regime of Iraq (1412 AH / 1369 SH): During the Sha’baniyah Uprising in 1412 AH, Iraqi Ba'ath forces stormed the holy shrines of Najaf and Karbala. | ||
In this assault, thousands of Iraqi citizens and pilgrims were killed or injured, and the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was damaged.The marks of bullets from this attack are still visible on the walls of the shrine.(24) Hasht Behesht: Vīzheh-Nāmah Zāʾirān-i Dāneshgāhī ʿAtabāt", p. 160. | In this assault, thousands of Iraqi citizens and pilgrims were killed or injured, and the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS) was damaged.The marks of bullets from this attack are still visible on the walls of the shrine.(24) Hasht Behesht: Vīzheh-Nāmah Zāʾirān-i Dāneshgāhī ʿAtabāt", p. 160. | ||
The Virtue of Karbala | ==The Virtue of Karbala== | ||
In the narrations, the land of Karbala is compared in creation and virtue to the land of the Kaaba.(25) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 449/450. ,,, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar", p. 16. | In the narrations, the land of Karbala is compared in creation and virtue to the land of the Kaaba.(25) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 449/450. ,,, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar", p. 16. | ||
And it has been described as a heavenly land.(26) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 451. ,,, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar" ,p. 17. | And it has been described as a heavenly land.(26) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 451. ,,, ʿUddah min al-Muḥaddithīn al-Qarn al-Thānī. Al-Uṣūl al-Sittah ʿAshar" ,p. 17. | ||
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The presence and supplications of the Divine Prophets, including Moses and Noah, have been reported on the land of Karbala.(28) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 452-455. | The presence and supplications of the Divine Prophets, including Moses and Noah, have been reported on the land of Karbala.(28) Ibn Qulawayhو" Kāmil al-Ziyārāt",p. 452-455. | ||
Visitation Days of Karbala | ==Visitation Days of Karbala== | ||
One of the most important days for visiting Karbala is the day of Arbaeen. | One of the most important days for visiting Karbala is the day of Arbaeen. | ||
In a narration from Imam Al-Askari (AS), the Arbaeen pilgrimage is considered one of the five signs of a believer.(29) Shaykh Ṭūsī, "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām", vol. 6, p. 52. | In a narration from Imam Al-Askari (AS), the Arbaeen pilgrimage is considered one of the five signs of a believer.(29) Shaykh Ṭūsī, "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām", vol. 6, p. 52. | ||
According to the Abbasid Shrine statistics, the number of pilgrims participating in the Arbaeen walk from 1395 to 1403 SH ranged between 11 and 22 million people.(30)* | According to the Abbasid Shrine statistics, the number of pilgrims participating in the Arbaeen walk from 1395 to 1403 SH ranged between 11 and 22 million people.(30)* | ||
Pilgrimage Sites of Karbala | ==Pilgrimage Sites of Karbala== | ||
The Shrine and Zarih of Imam Hussain (AS) | The Shrine and Zarih of Imam Hussain (AS) | ||
The Holy Threshold of Imam Hussain (AS) | The Holy Threshold of Imam Hussain (AS) | ||
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•The museum and library of the shrine(37) Amīn ʿĀmilī, "Aʿyān al-Shīʿah",vol. 2, p. 224/230. ,,, Ḥabīb Ābādī, "Makārim al-Āthār fī Aḥwāl Rijāl Dawr-i Qājār",vol. 2, p. 610. ,,, Āl Ṭuʿmah., "Al-Mawāqiʿ al-Athariyya wa al-Siyāḥiyya fī Karbalā", p. 60-64. ,,, Shaykh Ṭūsī, "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām", vol. 6, p. 73. ,,, Ḥurr ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah",vol. 14, p. 517. ,,, ʿAzd al-Mulk , "Safarnāmah ʿAzd al-Mulk ilā al-ʿAtabāt",p. 161. | •The museum and library of the shrine(37) Amīn ʿĀmilī, "Aʿyān al-Shīʿah",vol. 2, p. 224/230. ,,, Ḥabīb Ābādī, "Makārim al-Āthār fī Aḥwāl Rijāl Dawr-i Qājār",vol. 2, p. 610. ,,, Āl Ṭuʿmah., "Al-Mawāqiʿ al-Athariyya wa al-Siyāḥiyya fī Karbalā", p. 60-64. ,,, Shaykh Ṭūsī, "Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām", vol. 6, p. 73. ,,, Ḥurr ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah",vol. 14, p. 517. ,,, ʿAzd al-Mulk , "Safarnāmah ʿAzd al-Mulk ilā al-ʿAtabāt",p. 161. | ||
Other Pilgrimage Sites | ===Other Pilgrimage Sites=== | ||
There are numerous pilgrimage sites around the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS), which are as follows: | There are numerous pilgrimage sites around the shrine of Imam Hussain (AS), which are as follows: | ||
•The Shrine of Hazrat Abbas (AS) | •The Shrine of Hazrat Abbas (AS) | ||