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'''Mukhallaqa | '''Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar''' (Arabic: {{ia|أُسطُوانَة المُخَلَّقَه}}) is one of the pillars of [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and the closest pillar to [[the Prophet's Mihrab]], which was the place of incense to perfume the al-Masjid al-Nabawi. After [[changing of Qibla|Qibla was changed]] in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet used to pray in front of this pillar for some time. Therefore, this pillar, which was the sign of the Prophet's prayer, was called the al-'Alam (sign) Pillar. | ||
The sources mention that the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar is a blessed site and praying near it is fulfilled. It is also reported that [[Imam al-Rida(a)]] prayed 6 or 8 [[rak'ats]] next to this pillar. | |||
== | ==Location== | ||
The | Al-Mukhallaqah Pillar is the closest pillar to [[the Prophet's Mihrab]], and is now connected to the back of the mihrab from the west<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref> and now it is a little ahead of its original place<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref> and above it is written in a green circle with golden lines the words "{{ia|أسطوانه المخلّقه}}" (al- Mukhallaqa Pillar).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref> | ||
==Name== | |||
The Arabic word, al-Mukhallaqa ({{ia|المُخَلَّقه}}), is derived from khalūq ({{ia|خَلوق}}) or khalāq ({{ia|خَلاق}}) means a pleasant fragrance. It is a type of perfume whose major part is saffron.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 10, p. 91, word (خلق)</ref> This pillar was named al-Mukhallkha (perfumed) because to perfume the mosque, it was anointed with perfume or incense was burned on it.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref> | |||
==History== | ==History== | ||
There are several narrations of the first people who tried to perfume the mosque | There are several narrations of the first people who tried to perfume the mosque: | ||
*It is said that the first person who perfumed | |||
*According to [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]], the first person who perfumed the Prophet's Mosque was [[Uthman b. Affan]].<ref>Najjār,'' | * It is said that the first person who perfumed [[the Prophet's Mosque]] was the wife of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, one of the first Muslims, when her husband spat in the mosque, he washed and perfumed the mosque.<ref>Najjār,''al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100.</ref> | ||
*During the Umayyah rule, [[Umar b. | |||
== | * According to [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]], the first person who perfumed the Prophet's Mosque was [['Uthman b. Affan]].<ref>Najjār,''al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436.</ref> | ||
After [[changing | |||
* During the Umayyah rule, [['Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz]] (R:99/717-8 -101/720) and during the Abbasid period<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 281.</ref>, [[Khayzran]], the mother of [[Harun al-Rashid]], did so in 170/786-7.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 350.</ref> It seems that since then, perfuming the mosque became pervalent. | |||
==Al-'Alam Pillar== | |||
After [[changing the Qibla|the Qibla was changed]] in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet Muhammad (s) stood for prayer in front of this pillar for some time. Then he prayed in the current mihrab, which is known as [[the Prophet's mihrab]], and that pillar, which was closer to the mihrab than the other pillars, was placed behind the mihrab. It was also called "al-'Alam" (sign), meaning the sign of the Prophet's mihrab and Qibla.<ref>Sayyid al-Wakīl, ''al-Masjid al-Nabawī ʿibar tārīkh'', p. 50; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Some historians of the Prophet's life consider this pillar to be the same as the [[Pillar of Repentance]];<ref>Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 5, p. 8; Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya'', vol. 2, p. 664.</ref> however, al-Waqidi, based on a narration, considers them to be two separate pillars.<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 507.</ref> | |||
==Virtue== | ==Virtue== | ||
One of the places where prayers are fulfilled is considered to be next to the Mukhallaqa | One of the places where prayers are fulfilled is considered to be next to the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar.<ref>Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 3, p. 322.</ref> According to a report, [[Salma b. Akuaʿ]], a companion and narrator of hadith of the Prophet, tried to perform his prayer near this pillar, and when they asked him the reason for it, he considered this to be the behavior of the Prophet.<ref>Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad'', vol. 4, p. 48; Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 1, p. 127; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> | ||
According to Shia narrations, [[Imam Reza]](a) came to the [[Prophet's grave]] during his [[Umra]] and prayed six or eight [[rak'ats]] near the Mukhallaqa pillar.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 5, 161; vol. 14, p. 359; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 80, p. 314.</ref> also It is recommended to bless this pillar.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref> | According to Shia narrations, [[Imam Reza]](a) came to the [[Prophet's grave]] during his [[Umra]] and prayed six or eight [[rak'ats]] near the Mukhallaqa pillar.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 5, 161; vol. 14, p. 359; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 80, p. 314.</ref> also It is recommended to bless this pillar.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref> | ||
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*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | *Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | ||
*Najjār, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al- .''Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH. | *Najjār, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al- .''Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH. | ||
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh. | *Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh. | ||
*Ṣāliḥī Damishqī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH. | *Ṣāliḥī Damishqī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH. | ||
*Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al- .''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar tārīkh''. [n.p], Dār al-mujtamaʿ li-lnashr wa al-tawziʿ, 1988. | *Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al- .''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar tārīkh''. [n.p], Dār al-mujtamaʿ li-lnashr wa al-tawziʿ, 1988. |
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