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Prophet Muhammad (s): Difference between revisions
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''' | '''Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh (s)''', is the Prophet of Islam. He was born in [[Mecca]], attained prophethood at forty, and began inviting people to Islam in Mecca. Fourteen years later, he went to Yathrib to extend his invitation. This city was later named [[Medina|Medina of the Prophet]] after the Prophet's arrival and became the center of the Islamic government. He lived in this city for ten years, and [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] was his residence along with his wives. Later, mosques were built in various places where he visited or prayed. | ||
==Birthday== | ==Birthday== | ||
Most Shi'as consider the seventeenth of Rabi' al-Awwal as the date of the birth of the Prophet (s), while most Sunnis consider the twelfth of Rabi' al-Awwal as his birthday.<ref>Āyatī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 43</ref> | Most Shi'as consider the seventeenth of Rabi' al-Awwal as the date of the birth of the Prophet (s), while most Sunnis consider the twelfth of Rabi' al-Awwal as his birthday.<ref>Āyatī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. ''Tārīkh-i Payāmbar-i Islām'', p. 43</ref> | ||
His father was [[Abd Allah b. Abd al-Muttalib]] and his mother was [[Amina bt. Wahb b. 'Abd Manaf]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 157.</ref> | His father was [['Abd Allah b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] and his mother was [[Amina bt. Wahb b. 'Abd Manaf]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 157.</ref> | ||
Muhammad (s) was born in a house in [[Shi'b Abi Talib]], which later became known as [[the Prophet's birthplace|Mawlid al-Nabi]] and was respected. After his birth, he was entrusted to [[Halima]], to nurse him. He resided with Halima among the tribe of Banu Sa'ad b. Bakr b. Hawazin for four years, and in the fifth year, Halima returned him to his mother.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 280.</ref> | Muhammad (s) was born in a house in [[Shi'b Abi Talib]], which later became known as [[the Prophet's birthplace|Mawlid al-Nabi]] and was respected. After his birth, he was entrusted to [[Halima]], to nurse him. He resided with Halima among the tribe of Banu Sa'ad b. Bakr b. Hawazin for four years, and in the fifth year, Halima returned him to his mother.<ref>Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 280.</ref> | ||
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===Death of Parents=== | ===Death of Parents=== | ||
At the age of six, Muhammad (s) accompanied his mother Amina to [[Medina]]. Amina passed away on the return journey in a place called [[Abwa']] and was buried there. [[Umm Ayman]], took him back to Mecca, after Amina's death. [[Abd al-Muttalib]], the grandfather of Muhammad (s), took care of him until the age of eight, and upon Abd al-Muttalib's passing, his care was entrusted to his uncle, [[Abu Talib]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 168-169,179; Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> | At the age of six, Muhammad (s) accompanied his mother Amina to [[Medina]]. Amina passed away on the return journey in a place called [[Abwa']] and was buried there. [[Umm Ayman]], took him back to Mecca, after Amina's death. [['Abd al-Muttalib]], the grandfather of Muhammad (s), took care of him until the age of eight, and upon 'Abd al-Muttalib's passing, his care was entrusted to his uncle, [[Abu Talib]].<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'', vol. 1, p. 168-169,179; Masʿūdī, ''Murūj al-dhahab'', vol. 2, p. 281.</ref> | ||
===Journey to Syria=== | ===Journey to Syria=== | ||
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Among the family members of Prophet Muhammad (s), the first believers and supporters were [[Ali (a)]] and [[Khadija]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 23.</ref> | Among the family members of Prophet Muhammad (s), the first believers and supporters were [[Ali (a)]] and [[Khadija]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 23.</ref> | ||
[[Hamza b. Abd al-Muttalib]] also embraced Islam in the second or sixth year after Bi'tha. Besides them, a group of Meccans joined him. The companions of the Prophet (s) used to go to the outskirts of [[Mecca]] to pray until a confrontation between them and the Meccan polytheists led them to thereafter pray at the [[house of Arqam]]. | [[Hamza b. 'Abd al-Muttalib]] also embraced Islam in the second or sixth year after Bi'tha. Besides them, a group of Meccans joined him. The companions of the Prophet (s) used to go to the outskirts of [[Mecca]] to pray until a confrontation between them and the Meccan polytheists led them to thereafter pray at the [[house of Arqam]]. | ||
Three years after the beginning of the Prophet's mission, he publicly declared his call in Mecca. From then on, the polytheists sought to constrain the Prophet (s). The Prophet (s) also explored new ways to expand his call. In the fifth year of the mission, he sent a group of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]] and traveled to Ta'if to find supporters in that city.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> During the days of [[Hajj]], the Prophet (s) would engage in discussions with the pilgrims and invite them to Islam.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> | Three years after the beginning of the Prophet's mission, he publicly declared his call in Mecca. From then on, the polytheists sought to constrain the Prophet (s). The Prophet (s) also explored new ways to expand his call. In the fifth year of the mission, he sent a group of Muslims to [[Abyssinia]] and traveled to Ta'if to find supporters in that city.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> During the days of [[Hajj]], the Prophet (s) would engage in discussions with the pilgrims and invite them to Islam.<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 2, p. 36.</ref> | ||