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| "Gutter of the Ka'ba"
| | The pillars of the Kaaba |
| "Gutter of the Ka'ba" (in Arabic: ميزاب الكعبة) is a channel on the northern wall of the [[Ka'ba]] for draining rainwater from its roof. The gutter is located on the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The [[Quraysh]] were the first to build this gutter during the construction of the Ka'ba. This gutter has been reconstructed during various reigns.
| | The pillars of the Kaaba refer to the pillars inside the Kaaba that were first installed by the Quraysh in the year 35 of the Year of the Elephant. During the reconstruction of the Kaaba in the year 64 AH, Abdullah bin Zubair reduced their number to three, and their number and placement have remained the same to this day. |
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| Furthermore, in the sayings of the infallibles, the Gutter of the Ka'ba is introduced as a blessed place and a site of worship for the prophets and the Ahl al-Bayt. In Persian literature, poets such as Lari and Khaqani have composed poems about this gutter.
| | The color of the pillars is dark brown, and there is a rod between the pillars from which some of the Kaaba's hangings are suspended. |
| | "History" |
| | The first columns of the Kaaba were erected by the Quraysh in the year 35 Aam al-Fil (the Year of the Elephant). They included six columns in two rows of three, extending from north to south (the width of the Kaaba).(1) Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab '', vol. 2, p. 819. , Ṣaffarī-Furūshānī, '' Makkah fī Bistar al-Tārīkh'', p. 106. |
| | Before that, since the time of Prophet Ibrahim (peace be upon him), the Kaaba was without a roof and did not need columns.(2) Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab '', vol. 1, p. 332. , Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 66. |
| | During the war between the armies of Yazid and Ibn al-Zubayr, the Kaaba was set on fire and destroyed. Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr rebuilt the Kaaba in the year 64 AH. He placed three wooden columns, the number and positions of which have remained the same to this day.(3) Batanūnī, ''Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya'', p. 106. , Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab, vol. 1, p. 264. |
| | The Place of the Prophet’s (PBUH) Prayer |
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| ==Location==
| | In some historical narrations, it is mentioned that after the conquest of Mecca, the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba and prayed. The location of his prayer was such that two columns were on his right, one column on his left, and three columns behind him.(4) Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab '', vol. 2, p. 819. |
| | | Today, upon entering the Kaaba, directly opposite the door, there is a mihrab that is identified as the place where the Prophet (peace be upon him) prayed.(5) Batanūnī, ''Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya'', p. 106. |
| The location of the Gutter of the Ka'ba is on its eastern side, where the rainwater from the roof of the Ka'ba flows into the [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The Gutter of the Ka'ba is installed on the northern side, on the roof of the Ka'ba, and directs rainwater into the Hijr Ismail.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 291.</ref>
| | Size and Features |
| | | The three columns built inside the Kaaba during the reconstruction by Abdullah ibn al-Zubayr (64 AH) have remained in the same number and positions. However, the columns were replaced in later renovations of the Kaaba's interior. Today, the columns are intricately carved and decorated.(6) Batanūnī, ''Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya'', p. 106. , , Ṣabrī Pāshā, ''Mawsūʿa mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab '', vol. 1, p. 264. |
| ==Terminology==
| | These three columns are arranged in a single row from north to south (the width of the Kaaba), with a distance of four steps between each one. The first column is three steps away from the Yemeni-Eastern wall, and the third column is opposite the Iraqi-Shami wall.(7) Ibn Jubayr,''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 54. , Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b.''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa''. vol. 1, p. 372. |
| "Mizab" in Arabic means "gutter," and some believe that "mizab" has a Persian origin from the word "marzab," meaning a water channel or drainage.<ref>Zubaydī, "Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs", vol. 1, p. 302.</ref>
| | The color of the columns is dark brown. Each column has a diameter of 44 centimeters and a circumference of approximately 150 centimeters. These columns are made of wood, square-shaped, and intricately carved.(8) Kurdī, ''Makkah wa Madīna: Taṣwīrī min Taqaddum wa Nawsāzī'' ,p. 121. |
| This gutter is also known by the names "Mizab al-Dhahab" (Golden Gutter).<ref>Ghaffārī, "Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn", vol. 1, p. 178.</ref>
| | Additionally, there is a rod among the three columns from which some of the Kaaba’s gifts are hung. Above each column, there is a beam whose ends are embedded in the northern and southern walls of the Kaaba.(9) ) Kurdī, ''Makkah wa Madīna: Taṣwīrī min Taqaddum wa Nawsāzī'' ,p. 121. |
| and "Mizab al-Rahma" (Gutter of Mercy).<ref>Batnūnī, "Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah", p. 105. , Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah", vol. 2, p. 236.</ref>
| | The three columns extend only up to the lower ceiling and do not reach the upper ceiling. In the space between the lower and upper ceilings, narrower and additional wooden columns are placed to support the upper ceiling. Some of these columns are supported indirectly by the three main columns. At the base of each of the three columns, which bear most of the roof's weight, there is a ring to reinforce and strengthen them.(10) ) Kurdī, ''Makkah wa Madīna: Taṣwīrī min Taqaddum wa Nawsāzī'' ,p. 121. |
| ==History==
| | Gallery |
| | | The three wooden columns inside the Kaaba. |
| The Gutter of the Ka'ba has been replaced multiple times throughout history. The Ka'ba built by [[Prophet Ibrahim]] (Abraham) (peace be upon him) did not have a roof.<ref>ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah", vol. 13, p. 211-214.</ref> | | A part of one of the Kaaba columns dating back to the reconstruction by Ibn al-Zubayr in the year 65 AH.(11)* |
| Therefore, it did not require a gutter. Later, Qusayy b. Kilab built a wooden roof for the [[Ka'ba]] but did not include a gutter for the roof. The Quraysh, who constructed the first sturdy roof for the Ka'ba, also created a place for the rainwater to flow, directing the water into the [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 164.</ref>
| | One of the old columns inside the Kaaba from the reconstruction by Ibn al-Zubayr, which was replaced in the 1990s.(12)* |
| "According to Mohammad Taher Kordi in the book 'Tareekh al-Qawim'<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 167- 169.</ref>
| | The rods connected to the columns, from which lanterns are suspended. |
| The history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Ka'ba is as follows:
| | The location of the Kaaba columns in relation to other parts and fixtures of the Kaaba. |
| Here is the history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Ka'ba:
| | references |
| | | . Ṣaffarī-Furūshānī, Niʿmat-Allāh. *Makkah fī Bistar al-Tārīkh*. Qom: Markaz Jahānī-ʿUlūm-IslHere’s the transliterated and translated citation: |
| * In the year 64 AH/683-4, [[Ibn Zubayr]] reconstructed the Ka'ba and installed a gutter for it.
| | . Ṣabrī Pāshā, Ayyūb. *Muʾassuat Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab*. Cairo: Dār al-Āfāq al-ʿArabiyya, 1424 AH / 2004 CE.āmī, 1st edition, 1386 SH. |
| Additional details include:
| | . Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka. Qom: Maktaba al-Sharīf al-Raḍī, [n.d] |
| * [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf]] made a gutter from brass for the roof of the Ka'ba.
| | . Batanūnī, Muḥammad Labīb *Al-Riḥla al-Ḥijāziyya*. Cairo: Nāshir: Mūʾallif, 1329 AH. |
| * [[Walid b. Abd al-Malik]] plated a page with gold on this gutter.
| | . Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986. |
| * Reconstruction of the mizab in 539 AH/1144-5 by Ramshat, who was the builder of [[Ramshat Ribat]] in [[Mecca]].
| | . Ibn Baṭūṭa, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Hādī Tāzī. Rabat: Ākādimīyya al-Mamlikat al-Maghribīyya, 1417 AH. |
| * Replacement of the gutter ordered by Caliph al-Muqtadir in 541 AH/1146-7.
| | . Kurdī, ʿUbayd-Allāh Muḥammad-Amīn. *Makkah wa Madīna: Taṣwīrī min Taqaddum wa Nawsāzī*. Translated by Ḥusayn Ṣābirī. Tehran: Nashr Mashʿar, 1380 SH. |
| * According to reports, Rameshah, one of the dignitaries of Mecca, ruled Mecca from 701/1301-2 to 746 AH/1345-6 and also constructed a gutter for the Ka'ba.
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| * Nasser al-Din Allah also constructed a gutter for the Ka'ba in 781 AH/1379-80, said to be made of wood and decorated with silver.
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| * In 959 AH/1552, Sultan Sulaiman Qanooni installed a silver gutter on the [[Ka'ba]].
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| * In 962 AH/1554-5, it was replaced with a gold gutter.
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| * In 1021 AH/1612-3, Sultan Ahmed decorated it with gold and turquoise.
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| * In 1273 AH/1856-7, Sultan Abdul Majid constructed a gutter made of pure gold. This gutter, which used approximately 50 pounds of gold, remained on the [[Ka'ba]] until the time of Mohammad Taher Kordi's lifetime.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>
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| ==In narrations==
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| In the narrations, under the Gutter of the Ka'ba is described as the place where Gabriel stood to deliver messages to the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet]] and also as a place of worship for the Ahl al-Bayt.<ref>Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 9, p. 427.</ref> It has been mentioned in the narrations.<ref> Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 557.</ref>
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| Also, there are mentions in narrations about reciting supplications and prayers under the Gutter of the Ka'ba.<ref>Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 3, p. 422. , Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 99, p. 230.</ref>
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| ===The cause of healing for the sick===
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| "In some narrations, the water that flows from the Gutter is described as having healing properties.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 387. , Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 47, p. 122.
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| </ref>
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| ==In Persian literature==
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| the Gutter of the Ka'ba is among the concepts that poets have composed poems about, such as Mahi Lari<ref> Lārī, ''Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', p. 45-46.</ref>
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| and Khaqani, like:
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| "O you thirsty for the clouds of your mercy, like me at the lip of the Gutter of the Ka'ba...
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| He seeks, blessed by the water of your hand, like a pilgrim from the Gutter of the Ka'ba."<ref>Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', vol. 1, p. 516.</ref>
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| ==Notes==
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| {{Notes}}
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| ==References==
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| {{References}}
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| *ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan Ḥurr. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah''. Qom: Muʾassasah Āl al-Bayt (ʿA) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH.
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| *Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
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| *Batnūnī, Muḥammad Labīb. ''Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah''. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Jamālīyah, 1329 AH.
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| *Ghaffārī, Ibrāhīm. ''Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn''. Bījā, Usvah, 1370 SH.
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| *Khāqānī, Badīl ibn ʿAlī. ''Dīvān Khāqānī (Volume 1): Chāmahāhā va Tarkīb-bandhā''. Edited by Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kuzāzī. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz, 1375 SH. | |
| *Khalīlī, Jaʿfar. ''Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah''. Beirut: Muʾassasah al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1407 AH / 1987 CE.
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| *Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
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| *Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
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| *Lārī, Muḥyi al-Dīn. ''Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥaddith. Tehran: Intishārāt-e Eṭlāʿāt, 1366 SH.
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| *Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
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| * Nūrī. ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
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| *Shojāʿī, Muḥammad. ''Ḥajj dar āʾīneh-ye shāʿr-i Fārsī''. 2nd edition. Tehran: Mašʿar, 1388 SH. | |
| *Zubaydī, Sayyid Muḥammad Muṛtaḍā. ''Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs''.Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1st edition, 1414 AH. | |
| {{end}}
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| [[fa: ناودان کعبه]]
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