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"Gutter of the Ka'ba" | |||
"Gutter of the Ka'ba" (in Arabic: ميزاب الكعبة) is a channel on the northern wall of the [[Ka'ba]] for draining rainwater from its roof. The gutter is located on the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The [[Quraysh]] were the first to build this gutter during the construction of the Ka'ba. This gutter has been reconstructed during various reigns. | |||
Furthermore, in the sayings of the infallibles, the Gutter of the Ka'ba is introduced as a blessed place and a site of worship for the prophets and the Ahl al-Bayt. In Persian literature, poets such as Lari and Khaqani have composed poems about this gutter. | |||
==Location== | |||
The location of the Gutter of the Kaaba is on its eastern side, where the rainwater from the roof of the Kaaba flows into the Hijr Ismail. The Gutter of the Kaaba is installed on the northern side, on the roof of the Kaaba, and directs rainwater into the Hijr Ismail.(1) Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'',vol. 1, p. 291. | |||
**Word** | |||
"Mizab" in Arabic means "gutter," and some believe that "mizab" has a Persian origin from the word "marzab," meaning a water channel or drainage.(2) Zubaydī, "Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs", vol. 1, p. 302. | |||
This gutter is also known by the names "Mizab al-Dhahab" (Golden Gutter).(3) Ghaffārī, "Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn", vol. 1, p. 178. | |||
and "Mizab al-Rahma" (Gutter of Mercy).(4) Batnūnī, "Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah", p. 105. , Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah", vol. 2, p. 236. | |||
is well known. | |||
History | |||
The Gutter of the Kaaba has been replaced multiple times throughout history. The Kaaba built by Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) (peace be upon him) did not have a roof.(5) ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah", vol. 13, p. 211 /214. | |||
Therefore, it did not require a gutter. Later, Qusayy ibn Kilab built a wooden roof for the Kaaba but did not include a gutter for the roof. The Quraysh, who constructed the first sturdy roof for the Kaaba, also created a place for the rainwater to flow, directing the water into the Hijr Ismail.(6) ) Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'',vol. 1, p. 164. | |||
"According to Mohammad Taher Kordi in the book 'Tareekh al-Qawim'(7) Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 167- 169. | |||
The history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Kaaba is as follows: | |||
Here is the history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Kaaba: | |||
- In the year 64 AH, Ibn Zubayr reconstructed the Kaaba and installed a gutter for it. | |||
- Additional details include: | |||
- Hajjaj ibn Yusuf made a gutter from brass for the roof of the Kaaba. | |||
- Walid ibn Abd al-Malik plated a page with gold on this gutter. | |||
- Reconstruction of the mizab in 539 AH by Ramshat, who was the builder of Ramshat Ribat in Mecca. | |||
- Replacement of the gutter ordered by Caliph al-Muqtadir in 541 AH. | |||
- According to reports, Rameshah, one of the dignitaries of Mecca, ruled Mecca from 701 to 746 AH and also constructed a gutter for the Kaaba. | |||
- Nasser al-Din Allah also constructed a gutter for the Kaaba in 781 AH, said to be made of wood and decorated with silver. | |||
- In 959 AH, Sultan Sulaiman Qanooni installed a silver gutter on the Kaaba. | |||
- In 962 AH, it was replaced with a gold gutter. | |||
- In 1021 AH, Sultan Ahmed decorated it with gold and turquoise. | |||
In 1273 AH, Sultan Abdul Majid constructed a gutter made of pure gold. This gutter, which used approximately 50 pounds of gold, remained on the Kaaba until the time of Mohammad Taher Kordi's lifetime.(8) ) Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 171. | |||
"In narrations..." | |||
In the narrations, under the Gutter of the Kaaba is described as the place where Gabriel stood to deliver messages to the Noble Prophet and also as a place of worship for the Ahl al-Bayt.(9) Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 9, p. 427. | |||
It has been mentioned in the narrations(10) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 557. | |||
Also, there are mentions in narrations about reciting supplications and prayers under the Gutter of the Kaaba.(11) Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 3, p. 422. , Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 99, p. 230. | |||
"The cause of healing for the sick." | |||
"In some narrations, the water that flows from the Gutter is described as having healing properties.(12) Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 387. , Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 47, p. 122. | |||
"In Persian literature | |||
, the Gutter of the Kaaba is among the concepts that poets have composed poems about, such as Mahi Lari(13) Lārī, ''Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', p. 45-46. | |||
and Khaqani.(14) Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', p. 516. | |||
"O you thirsty for the clouds of your mercy, like me at the lip of the Gutter of the Kaaba... | |||
He seeks, blessed by the water of your hand, like a pilgrim from the Gutter of the Kaaba."(15) Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', vol. 1, p. 516. | |||
References | |||
. Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH. | |||
. Zubaydī, Sayyid Muḥammad Muṛtaḍā.** *Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs.* Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1st edition, 1414 AH. | |||
. Batnūnī, Muḥammad Labīb.. Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah.* Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Jamālīyah, 1329 AH. | |||
. Ghaffārī, Ibrāhīm.** *Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn.* Bījā, Asvah, 1370 SH. | |||
. Khalīlī, Jaʿfar. *Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah.* Beirut: Muʾassasah al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1407 AH / 1987 CE. | |||
. ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan Ḥurr.*Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah.* Qom: Muʾassasah Āl al-Bayt (ʿA) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH. | |||
• Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH. | |||
• Nūrī. Mustadrak al-wasāʾil. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH | |||
: | |||
. Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh. | |||
. Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH. | |||
. Lārī, Muḥyi al-Dīn.*Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn.* Edited by ʿAlī Muḥaddith. Tehran: Enteshārāt-e Eṭlāʿāt, 1366 SH. | |||
. Shojāʿī, Muḥammad.** *Ḥajj dar āʾīneh-ye shāʿr-e Fārsī.* 2nd edition. Tehran: Mašʿar, 1388 SH. | |||
. Khāqānī, Badīl ibn ʿAlī.** *Dīvān Khāqānī (Volume 1): Chāmahāhā va Tarkīb-bandhā.* Edited by Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kuzāzī. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz, 1375 SH. | |||