Pourghorbani
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''The external staircase of the | '''The external staircase of the Ka'ba''', or the external ladder of the Ka'ba, has been used for entry into the Ka'ba for many years. During the [[Conquest of Mecca]], the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet muhammad(s)]] stood on the external ladder of the Kaa'ba and recited his famous sermon. Additionally, [[Abu Dharr al-Ghifari]], a famous companion, ascended the external staircase of the Ka'ba and leaned against the door of the Ka'ba to narrate a hadith about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). | ||
Before the reconstruction of the Kaaba by the Quraysh, the entrance of the Kaaba was at ground level, but during the reconstruction of the Kaaba, five years before the prophethood, the entrance of the Kaaba was first raised above ground level, and a ladder was built for entry, which has been rebuilt and replaced several times throughout history. The latest external staircase of the | Before the reconstruction of the Kaaba by the Quraysh, the entrance of the Kaaba was at ground level, but during the reconstruction of the Kaaba, five years before the prophethood, the entrance of the Kaaba was first raised above ground level, and a ladder was built for entry, which has been rebuilt and replaced several times throughout history. The latest external staircase of the Ka'ba was inaugurated in the year 2000 CE. | ||
Location and history | ==Location and history== | ||
According to Azraqi, before the reconstruction of the | According to Azraqi, before the reconstruction of the Ka'ba, the entrance of the Kaaba was at ground level. However, during the reconstruction of the Ka'ba, five years before the prophethood, the entrance of the Ka'ba was raised above ground level, and a staircase was built for entry into it.<ref>Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 159-163.</ref> | ||
Since then, those entering the | Since then, those entering the [[Ka'ba]] would remove their shoes and place them under the entrance staircase.<ref>Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 174.</ref> | ||
==Virtue== | |||
During the Conquest of Mecca in the 10th | During the Conquest of Mecca in the 10th AH/631-2, the Prophet Muhammad (s) stood on the staircase of the Ka'ba and recited his famous sermon.<ref>Bayhaqī,''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa'', vol. 5, p. 85. , Al-Dhahabī,''Tārīkh al-islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr'', vol. 2, p. 556.</ref> | ||
Also, in a report, the ascent of Abu Dharr, the famous companion of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), on the staircase of the Kaaba and his leaning against the door of the Kaaba while narrating a hadith about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) has been mentioned. | Also, in a report, the ascent of Abu Dharr, the famous companion of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), on the staircase of the Kaaba and his leaning against the door of the Kaaba while narrating a hadith about the virtues of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) has been mentioned.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Amālī'', p. 482.</ref> | ||
Reconstruction and architecture | ==Reconstruction and architecture== | ||
The external staircase or ladder has been repaired, reconstructed, and replaced several times. Azraqi, a historian and biographer of the third century of the Islamic calendar, described the external staircase of the Kaaba as made of cedar wood, with a length of 8.5 cubits (slightly over 4 meters) and a width of 3.5 cubits (close to 2 meters), consisting of 13 steps. | The external staircase or ladder has been repaired, reconstructed, and replaced several times. Azraqi, a historian and biographer of the third century of the Islamic calendar, described the external staircase of the Kaaba as made of cedar wood, with a length of 8.5 cubits (slightly over 4 meters) and a width of 3.5 cubits (close to 2 meters), consisting of 13 steps.<ref>Azraqī,''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 310. , Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 140.</ref> | ||
In the 5th century AH, the width of the ladder was enough for 10 people. | In the 5th century AH/626-7, the width of the ladder was enough for 10 people.<ref>Nāṣir Khusraw, ''Safarnāmah Nāṣir Khusraw'', p. 130,135-136.</ref> | ||
In the 6th century AH, the staircase of the Kaaba was described as having nine steps with wooden bases, which used four wheels for easy movement. | In the 6th century AH, the staircase of the Kaaba was described as having nine steps with wooden bases, which used four wheels for easy movement.<ref>Ibn Jubayr,''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 62-63.</ref> | ||
In the year 766 AH, by the order of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, Sha'ban | In the year 766 AH/1364-5, by the order of the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, Sha'ban b. Husayn <ref>Ibn Fahd,"Ittiḥāf al-wará", vol. 3, p. 304. , Maṭar," Tārīkh ʿimārat al-masjid al-ḥarām", p. 80.</ref> a new ladder was built for the Ka'ba.<ref>Ibn Baṭūṭa,''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'', vol. 1, p. 372.</ref> | ||
a new ladder was built for the | In the year 814 AH, some wooden parts of this staircase were repaired.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī,''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. p. 138. , Ibn Fahd,"Ittiḥāf al-wará", vol. 3, p. 488.</ref> | ||
In the year 814 AH, some wooden parts of this staircase were repaired. | In 818 AH/1415-6, Sayf al-Din Shaykh Mahmudi, known as Mu'ayyad Jerkasi, sent a ladder for the Ka'ba.<ref>Ibn Fahd,"Ittiḥāf al-wará", vol. 3, p. 529.</ref> | ||
In 818 AH, Sayf al-Din Shaykh Mahmudi, known as Mu'ayyad Jerkasi, sent a ladder for the | "There is another report of a ladder being sent for the Ka'ba in 817 AH/1414-5 by Sayf al-Din Shaykhu, the Sultan of Egypt.<ref>sanjārī.,"Manāʾiḥ al-karam", vol. 2, p. 417.</ref> | ||
"There is another report of a ladder being sent for the | "In a report from the year 1040 AH/1630-1 during the Ottoman period, the staircase, approximately four meters long, had seven steps made of pine wood, covered with copper and iron sheets, and was mounted on four copper wheels.<ref>Ḥusaynī, " Mufarriḥat al-anām fī taʾsīs bayt Allāh al-ḥarām", p. 69.</ref> | ||
"In a report from the year 1040 AH during the Ottoman period, the staircase, approximately four meters long, had seven steps made of pine wood, covered with copper and iron sheets, and was mounted on four copper wheels. | In 1097 AH/1685-6, Ahmad Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Jeddah and Sheikh of the Haram, inaugurated a new staircase with a handrail for the Kaaba on the 16th of Ramadan of the same year.<ref>sanjārī.,"Manāʾiḥ al-karam", vol. 5, p. 19.</ref> | ||
In 1097 AH, Ahmad Pasha, the Ottoman governor of Jeddah and Sheikh of the Haram, inaugurated a new staircase with a handrail for the Kaaba on the 16th of Ramadan of the same year. | ==The donated staircases by the rulers of India== | ||
"It has been reported that in the years 1116, 1240, and 1300 AH, new staircases were constructed and sent to the Kaaba by local Muslim rulers in India.<ref>Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 140-143.</ref> | |||
"It has been reported that in the years 1116, 1240, and 1300 AH, new staircases were constructed and sent to the Kaaba by local Muslim rulers in India. | ==The Saudi era== | ||
In the year 1376 AH, by the order of King Saud bin Abdulaziz, a new 11-step wooden ladder adorned with silver coverings and golden Arabic engravings, made in Egypt, was unveiled.(29) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 142-143. | In the year 1376 AH, by the order of King Saud bin Abdulaziz, a new 11-step wooden ladder adorned with silver coverings and golden Arabic engravings, made in Egypt, was unveiled.(29) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 142-143. | ||
Kurdi, a historian of the 14th century AH, referred to two types of external staircases in his time: a small single-person ladder and a wide, movable ladder for several people. Two of the second type were kept beside the Zamzam well.(30) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 140. | Kurdi, a historian of the 14th century AH, referred to two types of external staircases in his time: a small single-person ladder and a wide, movable ladder for several people. Two of the second type were kept beside the Zamzam well.(30) Kurdī,''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 140. | ||