Pourghorbani

Abu Qubais has been revered as a sacred mountain both before and after Islam, and in Islamic narratives, it is associated with some historical events related to the prophets. It has also been considered a place where prayers are answered.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 524.</ref>

Some of the narrations of Abu Qubays first<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 1, p. 32.</ref>And the best<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 525.</ref> They have called it the mountain of the earth.

===The ancient prophets===

They have said that the graves of [[Adam]], Sheeth son of Adam, and Hawa, the wife of Adam, are located in the cave of this mountain called [[Kenz Cave]].<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 519-520.</ref> They have mentioned that when the Black Stone descended from Paradise, it was placed as a trust in this mountain. Then Prophet Abraham (peace be upon him) used it in the construction of the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Yaʿqūbī, ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'', vol. 1, p. 26-27.</ref>

During the flood of Noah, the [[Black Stone]] was also entrusted in this mountain. Because of this, during the pre-Islamic era, people used to call this mountain "Al-Amin" (the trustworthy).<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 266; Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 1, p. 80.</ref>

They say that Abu Qubays is one of the six mountains from which the stones of the Ka'ba have been provided.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 179.</ref>

[[Abraham (a)|Ibrahim(a)]] used to stand on this mountain and call people to perform the [[Rites of Hajj al-Tamattu'|rituals of Hajj]].<ref> Ibn Isḥāq, ''Al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 72; Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 203; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 12, p. 91.</ref>

===The Prophet of Islam===

Based on a report, in one of the years before the Hijra, the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet(a)]] split the moon into two halves with his miracle; one half was over Mount Qaiqan and the other half was over Mount Abu Qubays.<ref>Ibn Hishām, ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya'', vol. 2, p. 116-117.</ref>

The nobility of this mountain made it possible for them to address the people of [[Mecca]] from its summit to inform them. One such instance was the call of a man named Zubayd who called out from the hills of the Halif al-Fudul.(20)( Ibn Ḥabīb, Muḥammad. ''Al-Munammaq fī akhbār Quraysh.p52,,,, Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf.p179,,,,, Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya.v0l2.p291)

It is also reported that the Prophet publicly invited the [[Quraysh]] to accept Islam from the summit of this very mountain.<ref>Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 3, p. 219; Ṣāliḥī Shāmī, ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād'', vol. 2, p. 343.</ref> 

==The structures on the mountain==

===The Mosque of Ibrahim===

During the early centuries of Islam, on the summit of this mountain, the Mosque of Ibrahim was constructed.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 202.</ref>

which later gained fame as the [[Mosque of Bilal]].<ref>Naʿīmī, ''Qāmūs al-ḥaramayn'', p. 205.</ref>

This mosque is attributed to either [[Abraham (a)|Ibrahim(a)]] or [[Ibrahim Qubaysi]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka'', vol. 2, p. 202.</ref> Or to an Indian merchant who built it in the year 1275 AH/1858-9.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 1, p. 502-503.</ref>

===Other structures===

Among the other structures on the summit of this mountain, mention can be made of the Shagh al-Qamar Mosque and the caravanserai of Mulla Mohammad Yazdi.<ref> Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 551.</ref>

A minaret is also mentioned, which was built by Abdullah ibn Malik Khaza'i during the time of [[Harun al-Abbasi]].<ref> Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 3, p. 87; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 551.</ref>

*Ibn ʿAbd al-Ḥaqq Baghdādī, Ṣafīī al-dīn ʿAbd al-Muʾmin. ''Marāṣid al-ʾiṭṭlāʿ ʿlā ʾasmāʾi al-amkina wa al-buqāʿ''. Beirut: Dār al-Jayl, 1412 AH.

*Ibn Ḥabīb, Muḥammad. ''Al-Munammaq fī akhbār Quraysh''. Edited by Khurshīd Aḥmad Fārūq. Beirut: ʿĀlim al-Kutub, 1405 AH-1985.

*Ibn Hishām, ʿAbd al-Malik. ''Al-Sīra al-nabawīyya''. Edited by Muṣṭafā al-Saqā. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].

*Ibn Isḥāq, Muḥammad. ''Al-Sīyar wa al-maghāzī''. Edited by Suhayl Zakar. Beirut: 1398 AH.

*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.

*Maqrizī, Aḥmad b. ʿAlī. ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-Namīsī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1420 AH.

*Masʿūdī, ʿAlī b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Al-Tanbīh wa al-ishrāf''.Beirut:Dār al-Ṣaʿb,[n.d].

*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.

*Suhaylī, ʾAbd al-Raḥmān. ''Al-Rawḍ al-anf fī tafsīr al-sīra al-nabawīyya li ibn Hushām''. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1412 AH.

*Yamānī, Aḥmad Zakkī. ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama wa al-madina al-munawwara''. London: Muʾssisa al-furqān, 1429 AH.

*Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad b. Abī Yaʿqūb al-. ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, n.p.

*Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 1995.

*Zamakhsharī, Maḥmūd b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-jibāl wa al-amkana wa al-mīyāh''. Cairo: Dār al-Fadhīla, 1319 AH.