Pourghorbani
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However, the earliest reports about the exact location of her grave date back to the eighth century and have been recorded in historical sources. The precise location of her grave was unknown before that. Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH/1217-8) in the sixth century reported that the graves in the cemetery of Hajun in Bab al-Mu'alla were ruined and forgotten.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 78.</ref> | However, the earliest reports about the exact location of her grave date back to the eighth century and have been recorded in historical sources. The precise location of her grave was unknown before that. Ibn Jubayr (d. 614 AH/1217-8) in the sixth century reported that the graves in the cemetery of Hajun in Bab al-Mu'alla were ruined and forgotten.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
Taqī al-Dīn, who visited [[Mecca]] in the year 696, mentions that the people of Mecca say the grave of Khadija (s) is in Shu'bah, located on the side of Ma'la, but no grave is visible there.<ref>Tajībī, ''Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb'', p. 340-341.</ref> | Taqī al-Dīn, who visited [[Mecca]] in the year 696, mentions that the people of Mecca say the grave of Khadija (s) is in Shu'bah, located on the side of Ma'la, but no grave is visible there.<ref>Tajībī, ''Mustafād al-riḥla wa al-ightirāb'', p. 340-341.</ref> | ||
Since the eighth century | Since the eighth century of Hijra, the grave of Khadija gained prominence in [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]] and has been mentioned in various sources. Ibn Batuta, who resided in [[Mecca]] in the years 729-730/1328-9 , reported that in the Mu'alla cemetery, only a small number of graves, including the grave of Khadija, were recognized.<ref>Ibn Baṭūṭa, ''Al-Raḥla Ibn Baṭūṭa'',vol. 1, p. 381; Shahīd al-Awwal, ''Al-Durūs al-sharʿīyya fī fiqh al-imāmiyya'', vol. 1, p. 468.</ref> | ||
Marjani (770 AH), an eighth-century geographer, reported that the exact location of | Marjani (770 AH/1368-9), an eighth-century geographer, reported that the exact location of Khadijah's grave in Mecca was unknown. However, it was revealed to one of the righteous individuals in a dream or a state of spiritual unveiling that her grave is next to the grave of [[Fudayl ibn 'Iyad]]. In 749 AH/1348-9, a stone was placed at that location.<ref>Marjānī,''Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār'', vol. 2, p. 1016.</ref> | ||
Fasi (d. 832 AH), a renowned Meccan historian, expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave to | Fasi (d. 832 AH/1428-9), a renowned Meccan historian, expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave to Khadija. He argued that in Mu'alla, none of the companions of the Prophet were buried.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'', vol. 1, p. 376.</ref> | ||
Some contemporary researchers have also expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave. | Some contemporary researchers have also expressed doubt about the accuracy of attributing this grave.<ref>Jāsir,''Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira'', vol. 3 and 4, p. 278-279.</ref> | ||
Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum | ==Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum== | ||
For the first time in 749 AH, a stone with the inscription " | For the first time in 749 AH/1348-9, a stone with the inscription "«ان هذا قبر السیدة خدیجه»This is the grave of Khadija(s)" was placed on her grave. The dome of the mausoleum of Khadija (on the right) and her son Qasim (on the left) is shown in the image before its demolition.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 646.</ref> | ||
Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave. | Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref> | ||
In the year 950 AH, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum. | In the year 950 AH/1543-4, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref> | ||
He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine. | He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647; Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 150.</ref> | ||
After being demolished by the hands of the Al Saud, the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH. | After being demolished by the hands of the [[Al Saud]], the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH/1826-7.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 151.</ref> And it remained intact until the fourteenth century after hijra. Reports indicate that fabrics were sent by the [[Ottoman rulers]] of [[Egypt]] to be used on the shrine's box during this period.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 170.</ref> | ||
And it remained intact until the fourteenth century | Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries after hijra have mentioned the mausoleum of Khadijah. For example, Farahani in 1302 AH mentioned the wooden mausoleum.<ref>Farāhānī, ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī'', p. 202.</ref> | ||
Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries | Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH/1900-1 about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah(s).<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'' ,vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> | ||
Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah ( | ==Destruction of the Mausoleum== | ||
Destruction of the Mausoleum | With the rise of [[Wahhabism]] in [[Mecca]] and the establishment of the first [[Saudi state]], all structures and domes in [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]] were demolished on Thursday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH/August 18,1803. The graves in this cemetery were leveled with the ground.<ref>Sanjārī, ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam''.vol. 4, p. 422; Amīn, ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'', p. 27.</ref> | ||
With the rise of Wahhabism in Mecca and the establishment of the first Saudi state, all structures and domes in Jannat al- | After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of Khadijah. However, this structure was also demolished in 1343 AH/1924-5 following the establishment of the third Saudi state.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'',vol. 2, p. 151.</ref> | ||
After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of | ==Notes== | ||
{{Notes}} | |||
==References== | |||
{{References}} | |||
.Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | .Ibn al-Athīr al-Jazarī, ʿAlī b. Muḥammad. ''Usd al-ghāba fī maʿrifat al-ṣaḥāba''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH. | ||