Pourghorbani
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==The Battle of Badr== | ==The Battle of Badr== | ||
[[The Battle of Badr]] was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH/. At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 384; Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 2, p. 28.</ref>"The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 2, p. 12; Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 145-152.</ref> | [[The Battle of Badr]] was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH/624. At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 384; Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 2, p. 28.</ref>"The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 2, p. 12; Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 145-152.</ref> | ||
==Martyrs of Badr== | ==Martyrs of Badr== | ||
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According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 147.</ref> | According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 147.</ref> | ||
In the fifth century, Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH/1065-6) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage.<ref> Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa'', vol. 3, p. 125.</ref> | In the fifth century, Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH/1065-6) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage.<ref> Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa'', vol. 3, p. 125.</ref> | ||
In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 148.</ref> | |||
Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH/1289-90, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque.<ref>ʿAbdarī, ''Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī'', p. 346-347.</ref> | |||
Several centuries later, in the year 1110AH/1698-9 , Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi(d. 1170AH/1756-7) reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery.<ref>Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354</ref> In 1179AH/1765-6, Warthilani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall.<ref>Warthīlānī, ''Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya'', vol. 1, p. 419.</ref> | |||
Other reports do not provide significantly different information.<ref>Burckhardt, ''Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya'', vol. 2, p. 193-195; Hājib al-Dawla, ''Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana'', p. 97.</ref> | |||
==The current status of Badr Martyrs Cemetery== | |||
"Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1978), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.'"(12)( • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p172). | "Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1978), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.'"(12)( • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p172). | ||
"The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones."(13)( "The images of the cemetery of Baqi.") | "The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones."(13)( "The images of the cemetery of Baqi.") | ||