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| '''Mount Thawr''' is a mountain located in the south of [[Mecca]], where the Cave of Thawr (the place where the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) sought refuge during the migration to [[Medina]]) is situated. This mountain is three kilometers away from the [[Masjid al-haram|Masjid al-Haram]] and is opposite [[Mount Noor]] and the [[Cave of Hira]]. | | '''The House of Migration''', (Arabic: دار الهجره) meaning the place of migration, is a title for the city of [[Medina]], given to this city in commemoration of the Prophet's migration from [[Mecca]] to Medina." |
| ==Location== | | ==Terminology== |
| | | 'Dar' means home, dwelling, and city, while 'al-Hijra' means migration from one place to another.<ref>Fayyūmī, ''Miṣbāḥ al-munīr fī gharīb al-sharḥ al-kabīr li-rāfiʿī'', vol. 2, p. 632; Basṭānī, ''Farhang-i abjadī'', vol. 1, p. 158.</ref> |
| Mount Thawr has an elevation of 759 meters above sea level and is situated in the south of [[Mecca]], along the route to [[Yemen]]. It is located three kilometers from [[Masjid al-haram|Masjid al-Haram]] and is opposite M[[ount Noor]] and the [[Cave of Hira]].<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 2, p. 384.</ref> This mountain is composed of rocks with golden, silvery, and coal-like colors.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā,''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'', vol. 1, p. 63.</ref>
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| ===The current mountain location===
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| Today, with the city's expansion, Mount Thawr is situated amidst several streets named Thawr Street, Ta'if and Kudai Road.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī'', p. 160.</ref> And there are multiple ways for ascending and descending the mountain.<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 203.</ref>
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| ==Reason for Naming== | | ==Reason for Naming== |
| | | In naming [[Medina]] as 'Dar al-Hijra,' two reasons have been mentioned: one is the migration of the Prophet (PBUH) and the Muslims to this city.<ref>ʿAbd al-razzāq, ''Maʿālim dār al-hijra'', p. 128; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 19.</ref> |
| It is said that [[Thawr b. Abd Manat]] was born in the foothills of this mountain, and from that time, this place became famous as Thawr Aṭḥal. Later, the name Thawr prevailed over it.<ref>Ḥamawī, ''Muʿjam al-buldān'', vol. 2, p.86-87; Dīyārbakrī, ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 324.</ref>
| | Another reason is that the prophetic tradition manifested in Medina, and from there, it spread to other places, and the power of Islam descended towards Medina.<ref>ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd, ''Umda al-akhbār fī madina al-mukhtār'', p. 70; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 19.</ref> |
| This mountain is also mentioned by the name Abu Thawr.<ref>Ibn Jubayr, ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 83.</ref> It is possible that the southern view of it resembles a cow (Thawr).<ref>Bilādī, ''Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya'', p. 72.</ref> Or the collective residence of a group called Bani Thawr in this mountain and its surrounding areas<ref>Āl-i Basām, ''Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya'', vol. 9, p. 218.</ref> May be the reason for this naming.
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| ==Cave of Thawr==
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| {{main|Cave of Thawr}}
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| This mountain is renowned among Muslims and is considered sacred, as the Prophet sought refuge in a cave on this mountain for several days during his migration to [[Medina]], escaping from the pursuit of polytheists.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām'', vol. 1, p. 464.</ref> On top of the mountain, there are two caves close to each other, both considered hiding places of the Prophet (peace be upon him) during his migration to [[Yathrib]] (later known as Medina). Considering the guidance of [[Abu Bakr]] and [[Amer ibn Fuhayrah]], the guide of the journey, it can be said that the larger cave served as the location of concealment. Verse 40 of Surah At-Tawbah, in which Allah reports the support of the Prophet and his companion, refers to this event and the cave.<ref>Ibn Kathīr, ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'',vol. 6, p. 184; Maqrizī, ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'', vol. 1, p. 58.</ref>
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| ==Narratives About Mount Thawr==
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| In a narration, Mount Thawr is mentioned as the place where Abel (Habil) was killed.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 301; Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm'', vol. 1, p. 392.</ref> According to some narrations, Mount Thawr is considered one of the remnants of a mountain that disintegrated after the manifestation of the power of God upon [[Prophet Moses]] (peace be upon him).<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 82; Khārazmī, ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 2, p. 311.</ref>
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| And it is also counted as one of the mountains attached to the seventh layer of the Earth.<ref> Marjānī, ''Bahjat al-nufūs'', vol. 1, p. 336.</ref> In another narration, this mountain is said to have called the Prophet (peace be upon him) towards itself and reported sheltering seventy prophets.<ref>Ibn Zahīra, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf'', p. 300.</ref>(14)
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| ==Recommendation of Praying on Mount Thawr==
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| Mount Thawr is known as a place where prayers are fulfilled, especially during the noon.<ref>Khārazmī, ''Ithara al-targhīb'', vol. 1, p. 236.</ref> It is also recommended to perform prayers in the [[Cave of Thawr]].<ref>Fākihī, ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih'', vol. 4, p. 35.</ref>
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| [[Sheikh Murteza Ansari]], the esteemed Shiite scholar, has mentioned a special prayer in his rituals to be recited on Mount Thawr.<ref>Hajj Research Center. ''Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama'', p. 204-205.</ref>
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| ==Gallary==
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| <gallery>
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| file:کوه ثور2.webp
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| file:کوه ثور.webp
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| </gallery>
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| ==Notes== | | ==Notes== |
| {{Notes}} | | {{Notes}} |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{References}} | | {{References}} |
| *Āl-i Basām, ʿAbdullāh b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. ''Khazānat al-tawārīkh al-najdīyya''. Saudi Arabia:[n.p]1419 AH. | | *ʿAbd al- Ḥamīd, Aḥmad . ''Umda al-akhbār fī madina al-mukhtār''. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d] |
| * Bilādī, ʿĀtiq b. Ghayth al-. ''Muʿjam al-Maʿārif al- Jughrāfīyya''. Mecca: Dār al-Makka, 1402 AH. | | *ʿAbd al-razzāq, Yūsuf . ''Maʿālim dār al-hijra''. Medina: Maktabat al-ʿIlmīyya, 1401 AH. |
| * Dīyārbakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. ''Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl ʾanfas al-nafīs''. Beirut: Muʾssisa sha ʿbān, 1283 AH.
| | * Basṭānī, Fuād Afrām. ''Farhang-i abjadī''. Translated by Reza Mahyār. Tehran: Islāmī, 1375 Sh. |
| * Fākihī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq. ''Akhbār Makka fī qadīm al-dahr wa ḥaīthih''. Beirut: Dār al- Khiḍr, 1414 AH.
| | * Fayyūmī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Miṣbāḥ al-munīr fī gharīb al-sharḥ al-kabīr li-rāfiʿī''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, [n.d]. |
| * Fāsī al-Makkī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām''. Translated by Muḥammad Muqaddas. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh. | | * Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984. |
| * Hajj Research Center. Adʿīyya wa ādāb-i Makke-yi mukarrama. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 sh.
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| * Ḥamawī, Yāqūt b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Muʿjam al-buldān''. Beirut: Dār al-Ṣādir, 1995.
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| * Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986. | |
| * Ibn Kathīr, Ismāʿīl b. ʿUmar. ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1407 AH.
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| * Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
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| * Ibrāhīm Rafʿat Pāshā. ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn, aw, al-raḥlāt al-ḥijāziyya wa al-ḥaj wa mashāʿirihi al-dīniyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, [n.d].
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| * Khārazmī, Muḥammad b. Isḥāq al-. ''Ithara al-targhīb''. Mecca: Maktabat Nazār Muṣṭafā al-Bāz, 1418 AH. | |
| * Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
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| * Marjānī, ʿAbdullāh al-. Bahjat al-nufūs wa al-asrār. Beirut: Dār al-Gharb al-Islāmī, 2002.
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| * Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
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| {{end}} | | {{end}} |