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{{Building | |||
| title = | |||
| image = file:خانه حضرت خدیجه(س).jpg | |||
| image size = 350px | |||
| image link = | |||
| image description = | |||
| other names = Mawlid Fatima | |||
| place = [[Mecca]], Zuqaq al-'Attarin | |||
| usage = | |||
| religious affiliation = [[Islam]], [[Shi'a]] | |||
| beliefs = | |||
| rituals = | |||
| rulings = | |||
| pilgrims = | |||
| visitors = | |||
| time of construction = | |||
| founder = | |||
| events = Revelation to the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]], birth of Lady Fatima(a) | |||
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| missing parts = | |||
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| status = Destroyed | |||
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| affiliated entity = | |||
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}} | |||
'''Lady Khadija's House''', (Arabic: {{ia|دار السيدة خديجة}}, Dar al-Sayyida Khadija), in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying [[Lady Khadija]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the [[Mawlid Fatima|birthplace of Lady Fatima(a)]] and other children of Khadija, and many [[Meccan verses]] of the [[Quran]] were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubbat al-Wahy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where [[Gabriel]] descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace. | '''Lady Khadija's House''', (Arabic: {{ia|دار السيدة خديجة}}, Dar al-Sayyida Khadija), in [[Mecca]], was the house where the Prophet(s) lived after marrying [[Lady Khadija]] until he migrated to [[Medina]]. This house was the [[Mawlid Fatima|birthplace of Lady Fatima(a)]] and other children of Khadija, and many [[Meccan verses]] of the [[Quran]] were also revealed to the Prophet(s) in that house, and also Khadija died in this house. Since the 6th/12th century, this place has been also known in sources as Lady Fatima's birthplace. Since then, there has been two domes in this house. One was called [[Qubbat al-Wahy]] and it was built on a room that was considered the place of worship of the Prophet(s) and the place where [[Gabriel]] descended on the Prophet. The other dome was built over a room that was said to be Lady Fatima's birthplace. | ||
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==Location== | ==Location== | ||
Lady Khadija's house was in [[Mecca]]<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, ''Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid'', p. 94.</ref> | Lady Khadija's house was in Perfumers Alley (Zuqaq al-'Attarin), [[Mecca]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 78-87; Yamani, ''Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid'', p. 94.</ref> It was located in the vicinity of [[Abu Sufyan]]'s house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> | ||
This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with [[Lady Khadija]]<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many [[Meccan verses]] of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.<ref>al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref> [[Fatima(a)]] and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> | This house was the place where the Prophet(s) lived with [[Lady Khadija]]<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> and many [[Meccan verses]] of the Qur'an were revealed in this house.<ref>al-fasi, al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa, p. 99.</ref> [[Fatima(a)]] and other children of Lady Khadija were born in this house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> It is also reported that this house is the place of demise of Khadija. The Prophet(s) continued living in this house after that until he migrated to [[Medina]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'' ,vol. 2, p. 199.</ref> | ||
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==First Descriptions== | ==First Descriptions== | ||
According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, ''al-Jami' al- | According to Abu l-Walid al-Azraqi, a historian of the third/ninth century, this house was taken over by [['Aqil b. Abi Talib]] after the Prophet(s) migrated to [[Medina]]. [[Mu'awiya b. Abi Sufyan]] bought the house and turned it into a mosque and opened a door to it from Abu Sufyan's house.<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 199; Ibn Zahira, ''al-Jami' al-latif'', p. 286; Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> This house was later called Dar Abi Sufyan.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289.</ref> Elsewhere, al-Azraqi says that the house was occupied by Mu'attib, the son of [[Abu Lahab]], one of the stubborn enemies of the Prophet(s) after his migration,<ref>Ibn Sa'd,''al-Tabaqat al-kubra'' | ||
vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref> | vol. 4, p. 45.</ref> but the Prophet(s) did not claim the house after the [[conquest of Mecca]].<ref>Azraqi, ''Akhbar Makka'', vol. 2, p. 245.</ref> | ||
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Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 48.</ref> | Al-Fasi says this place is more like a mosque because it has a portico with seven arches and eight columns. In the middle of the front wall are three altars; in front of it is a colonnade with four arches and five columns. The other part of the house is the rooms. One is Fatima's birthplace, the other is the [[Qubbat al-Wahy]].<ref>Fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol. 1, p. 360.</ref> Some believe that these rooms are the old area house that was in the time of the Prophet(s) and the mosque was added to it later.<ref>fasi, ''Shifa' al-gharam'', vol .1 p.360.</ref> The shorter descriptions of other writers are also consistent with al-Fasi's description until the eleventh/seventeenth century.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 48.</ref> | ||
== | ==In the 13th/19th and 14th/20th century== | ||
In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[ | In a travelogue from the end of the period of [[Nasir al-Din Shah Qajar]] (R. 1313-1264 AH), it is mentioned in the description of the house of [[Lady Khadija(s)]] that it had a marble floor, a dome was on Lady Fatima's birthplace and a room in it was called the place of the Prophet's worship.<ref> Miqat-i Hajj, Num. 63, p. 70.</ref> According to a report in 1265/1849, in the place of Khadija's house, a [[takiyyah]] known as "Takiyyah al-Sayyida Fatima" was built for the use of the poor.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 289-290.</ref> | ||
==Destruction | ==Destruction== | ||
The Egyptian writer | The Egyptian writer Mohammed Hussein Heikal (d. 1956) visited the place of this house in 1354/1936. He writes: [[Wahhabis]] have destroyed the birthplace of Lady Fatima(s) and now this place is an empty land and there is no trace of it.<ref>Haykal, Fi manzil al-wahy, p. 227.</ref> Muhammad Lutfi Jum'a also confirms the destruction of the house in his travelogue.<ref>Lutfi,''ayyam al-mabrurra'', p. 78.</ref> | ||
== | ==Construction of a School of the Quran== | ||
In | In Jumada I of 1370/1951, a building was built as a school of the Quran on the grounds of Lady Khadija's house.<ref>Yamani, ''Dar Sayyida Khadija'', p. 58.</ref> Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi (d. 1400/1980) has mentioned the building as takiyya.<ref>Kurdi,''al-Tarikh al-qawim'', vol. 1, p. 290.</ref> The building was constructed by Sayyid 'Abbas Qattan and it was known as al-Sayyid 'Abbas's School in Umm al-Mu'minin Khadija's House.<ref>Yamani,Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid, p. 58.</ref> | ||
==Merging | ==Merging with al-Masjid al-Haram== | ||
At the end of the year 1410 | At the end of the year 1410/1989, the school of the Quran was destroyed for the eastern expansion of [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. During the demolition operation, the remains of old building of Lady Khadija's house were excavated.<ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 60.</ref> Ahmad Zaki al-Yamani, was present at the site during the operation and took pictures and maps of the remains of Lady Khadija's house and gave a report of his observations in his book ''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint Khuwaylid''.<ref>Yamani, Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid p. 93 onwards.</ref> | ||
==Gallery == | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | ||
file: | file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 1.jpg|Location in the early Islam | ||
file:مدرسه حفظ قرآن کریم | file:نقشه خانه حضرت خدیجه(س) 4.JPG|After the latest expansion of the al-Masjid al-Haram | ||
file:مدرسه حفظ قرآن کریم 1.jpg|Al-Sayyid 'Abbas's school | |||
===Lady Khadijah's House Apearance During Destruction=== | |||
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | <gallery mode="packed" heights="150px"> | ||
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 1.jpg| | file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 1.jpg| | ||
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 2.jpg | file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 2.jpg | ||
file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 3.jpg | file:تخریب مدرسه حفظ 3.jpg | ||
file:تصویر خانه حضرت خدیجه قبل از تخریب کامل 1.jpg | file:تصویر خانه حضرت خدیجه قبل از تخریب کامل 1.jpg | ||
</gallery> | </gallery> | ||
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{{References}} | {{References}} | ||
*'Abd al-Wahhab Ibrahim Abu Solayman .''Al-Amakin al-m'thurah al-mutiwatirah fi makka al-mukarrama''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1431 AH. | *'Abd al-Wahhab Ibrahim Abu Solayman .''Al-Amakin al-m'thurah al-mutiwatirah fi makka al-mukarrama''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1431 AH. | ||
*Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar''. Edited by Rushdi | *Azraqi, Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah al-. ''Akhbar Makka wa ma ja'a fiha min al-athar''. Edited by Rushdi salih Mulhis. Beirut: 1403 AH. | ||
*Batanuni, Muhammad Labib. ''Al-Rahla al-hijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqafat al-Diniyya, [n.d]. | *Batanuni, Muhammad Labib. ''Al-Rahla al-hijaziyya''. Cairo: Al-Thiqafat al-Diniyya, [n.d]. | ||
*Al-Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-taqi. ''Al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa''.edited by Muhammad | *Al-Fasi, Muhammad b. Ahmad al-taqi. ''Al-Zuhur al-muqattifa min tarikh makka al-musharrifa''.edited by Muhammad Husayn al-dhahabi, Mecca: Maktaba Nazar Mustafa al-Baz, 1418 AH. | ||
*Haykal, Muhammad | *Haykal, Muhammad Hasanayn. ‘'Fi manzil al-wahy''. Cairo: al-Hay'at al-Misriyya al-‘Amma li l-Kitab, 2010. | ||
*Ibrahim Raf'at Pasha. ''Mir'at al-haramayn, aw, al-rahlat al-hijaziyya wa al-haj wa masha'irihi al-diniyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, [n.d] | *Ibrahim Raf'at Pasha. ''Mir'at al-haramayn, aw, al-rahlat al-hijaziyya wa al-haj wa masha'irihi al-diniyya''. Beirut: Dar al-Ma'rifa, [n.d] | ||
*Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al- | *Ibn Sa'd, Muhammad b. Mani' al-Hashimi al-Basri. ''Al-Tabaqat * al-kubra''. Edited by Muhammad 'Abd al-Qadir 'Ata. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-'Ilmiyya,1410AH-1990. | ||
*Ibn Zahira, Muhammad Jarullah. ''Al-Jami' al- | *Ibn Zahira, Muhammad Jarullah. ''Al-Jami' al-latif fi faḍl-i Makka wa ahluha wa bina' al-Bayt al-Sharif''. Edited by 'Ali 'Umar. Cairo: 1423AH: | ||
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Āthar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh | *Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Āthar-i islami-yi Makka wa Madina''. Tehran: Mash'ar, 1382 Sh | ||
*Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Panjah safarnama-yi hajj-i qajari''. Tehran: Nashr-i 'Ilm, 1389 Sh. | *Ja'fariyan, Rasul. ''Panjah safarnama-yi hajj-i qajari''. Tehran: Nashr-i 'Ilm, 1389 Sh. | ||
*Jubayr, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwiz Atabaki. Mashhad: Intisharat-i Āstan-i Quds-i Raḍawi, 1370 Sh. | *Jubayr, Muhammad b. Ahmad. ''Safarnama Ibn Jubayr''. Translated by Parwiz Atabaki. Mashhad: Intisharat-i Āstan-i Quds-i Raḍawi, 1370 Sh. | ||
*Jum'a, Muhammad | *Jum'a, Muhammad Lutfi .''Ayyam al-mabrurra fi al-buqa' al-Muqaddasa''. Cairo: 'alim al-kutub, 1998. | ||
*Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''Al-Tarikh al-qawim li Makka wa bayt Allah al-karim''. Beirut: 1420 AH. | *Kurdi, Muhammad Tahir. ''Al-Tarikh al-qawim li Makka wa bayt Allah al-karim''. Beirut: 1420 AH. | ||
*Maghribi, Muhammad 'Ali .A'lam al- hijaz fi al-qarn al-rabi' al-'ashar. Jeddah: Tihama, 1401 AH. | *Maghribi, Muhammad 'Ali .A'lam al- hijaz fi al-qarn al-rabi' al-'ashar. Jeddah: Tihama, 1401 AH. | ||
*Quarterly magazine of Miqat-i | *Quarterly magazine of Miqat-i Hajj. Tehran: Representation of the Leader in matters of Hajj and pilgrimage. | ||
* | *Sultan Murad Mirza Hisam al-saltana .''Safarnama makka''. Edited by Rasul Ja'fariyan, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1374 sh. | ||
*Tabari, 'Ali b.'Abd al-Qadir. ''Al-Arj al-miski fi al-tarikh al-makki''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijariyya, 1416 AH: | *Tabari, 'Ali b.'Abd al-Qadir. ''Al-Arj al-miski fi al-tarikh al-makki''. Mecca: Maktabat al- tijariyya, 1416 AH: | ||
*Yamani ,Ahmad Zakki.''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid fi makka al-mukarrama dirasat tarikhiyya li-ddar wa maqi'iha wa 'imaratuha''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1434 AH. | *Yamani ,Ahmad Zakki.''Dar Sayyida Khadija bint khuwaylid fi makka al-mukarrama dirasat tarikhiyya li-ddar wa maqi'iha wa 'imaratuha''. London: Mu'ssisa al-furqan li-Turath, al-islami, 1434 AH. | ||